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Full-Text Articles in Race and Ethnicity
Critique [Of Gong Lum V. Rice: The Convergence Of Law, Race And Ethnicity By Malik Simba], Russell Endo
Critique [Of Gong Lum V. Rice: The Convergence Of Law, Race And Ethnicity By Malik Simba], Russell Endo
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Law in the United States may of course be viewed through a number of different perspectives. Over the past several decades, racial minorities have used litigation and legislation to reform institutional policies and practices, and this has given impetus to perspectives of law as a significant tool of constructive social change. While such frameworks have validity, Malik Simba's paper is a relevant reminder of the ideological and coercive dimensions of law and of its long history as a means of oppressing racial minorities.
Critique [Of Gong Lum V. Rice: The Convergence Of Law, Race And Ethnicity By Malik Simba], Otis L. Scott
Critique [Of Gong Lum V. Rice: The Convergence Of Law, Race And Ethnicity By Malik Simba], Otis L. Scott
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
For all intent and purposes the United States of America in 1927 was an apartheid state. The Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896 determined that the best social policy for this nation to pursue was one which required racial separation. The Plessy decision essentially capped a series of Supreme Court decisions which underscored the destruction of Reconstruction and the return of "states rights" to southern governments. Decisions like the Slaughter House Cases (1872) and the Civil Rights Cases (1883) gave clear evidence of the federal government's hasty retreat from serving as an advocate for the civil rights of African Americans.
Critique [Of Strategies To Increase The Number Of Minority Teachers In The Public Schools By Glenn M. Kraig], Jesse M. Vazquez
Critique [Of Strategies To Increase The Number Of Minority Teachers In The Public Schools By Glenn M. Kraig], Jesse M. Vazquez
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
In the course of his article, Kraig reviews a number of important ways to assure the recruitment and increase of minority teachers in the public school system. He also discusses specific programs which could stand as exemplary efforts directed at the daunting task of increasing the number of minorities in the educational pipeline, and ultimately, in the public school setting. Before examining these model programs and strategies, Kraig reviews the current and future demographic trends which suggest that the "relative population of the teaching force is not even close to being representative of the composition of the student body in …
Critique [Of Ethnic Education: A Clash Of Cultures In Progressive Chicago By Gerald R. Gems], Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
Critique [Of Ethnic Education: A Clash Of Cultures In Progressive Chicago By Gerald R. Gems], Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Gerald R. Gems has successfully put into historical context the significant issues of educational reform in the United States. In 1900, and in 1991, educational issues should be at the center of a national discussion of the kind of country we want to be.
Critique [Of Oral Traditions Under Threat: The Australian Aboriginal Experience By Christine Morris], Paivi H. Hoikkala
Critique [Of Oral Traditions Under Threat: The Australian Aboriginal Experience By Christine Morris], Paivi H. Hoikkala
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
In her essay, Christine Morris addresses an important topic in the study of ethnic relations: the relationship between the written word and the oral tradition. She points out that studies often concentrate on the economic and social effects that the written tradition has on oral cultures; however, the ethics of this process has been ignored in research. Morris examines this aspect of the relationship and argues that the replacement of the oral tradition with the written word is a continuation of western chauvinism that has been the basis of the European conquest of aboriginal cultures in the world. The replacement …
Critique [Of Oral Traditions Under Threat: The Australian Aboriginal Experience By Christine Morris], Alan Spector
Critique [Of Oral Traditions Under Threat: The Australian Aboriginal Experience By Christine Morris], Alan Spector
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Christine Morris stimulates, provokes, and challenges some fundamental axioms about culture and literature in her intriguing essay. The absolutism of her position forces readers to critically examine their own ideas about the transmission and preservation of culture. Ultimately, I have some skepticism about the absolutism of her position, but her paper moved me several steps towards her position and caused me to evaluate my ideas on other issues as well.
Critique [Of Informal Education. Sociocultural Expression. And Symbolic Meaning In Popular Immigration Music Text By Jose Macias], Gloria Eive
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The role of song texts in evaluating human behavior has received relatively little attention by either anthropologists or ethnomusicologists and their value as social documents, consequently, has been sadly overlooked. As Macias observes, the texts of corridos popular in San Felipe function simultaneously on several levels. As historical chronicle, social commentary (and criticism), and as vehicles for teaching and proslytizing [proselytizing], these texts reinforce a sense of community and cultural identity, and serve, also, as reminders of economic reality, articulating their subjects' aspirations and incumbent moral obligations.
Critiques [Of "Black" Or "African American"; What's In A Name? By Johnny Washington], Bamidele J. Bracy
Critiques [Of "Black" Or "African American"; What's In A Name? By Johnny Washington], Bamidele J. Bracy
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Aside from examining the ways people ascribe meaning to the terms "Black" and "African-American" and possible "underlying social dynamics" impeding or precipitating ethnic label changes, Washington concludes that these above mentioned "sign-posts" may be justifiable periodic changes which an ethnic group should constantly re-interpret on its ever evolving "cosmic" journey. Washington presents an interesting case from a philosophical/metaphysical standpoint. From a social scientific perspective, however, there is much to be determined.
Critique [Of Thinking Woman's Children And The Bomb By Helen Jaskoski], G. Lynn Nelson
Critique [Of Thinking Woman's Children And The Bomb By Helen Jaskoski], G. Lynn Nelson
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
These days, most literary criticism, like the world view that spawned it, is obsolete, a luxury we can no longer afford. Too much of it is esoteric, egotistical, and trivial. While the world balances on the edge of annihilation, we count semicolons on our computers.
Critiques [Of "Black" Or "African American"; What's In A Name? By Johnny Washington], Ashton Wesley Welch
Critiques [Of "Black" Or "African American"; What's In A Name? By Johnny Washington], Ashton Wesley Welch
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
In "'Black' or 'African American': What's in a Name?" Johnny Washington reminds us that on the appropriate name for Americans of African descent has been ongoing, with varying degrees of intensity, for a long time. In illustrating the ancientness of the debate, he referred to precedents of the current irruption. He observed that "Booker T. Washington advanced the ethnic identity debate" in the 1890s. He also pointed to twentieth century contributions to the labelling crisis by W. E. B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, Alain Locke, and Stokely Carmichael. Yet, neither the debate nor the labels themselves are the core concern for …
Critique [Of "What Shall I Give My Children?" The Role Of The Mentor In Gloria Naylor's The Women Of Brewster Place And Paule Marshall's Praisesong For The Widow By Linda Wells], Suzanne Stutman
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
In her article "'What Shall I Give My Children?': The Role of the Mentor in Gloria Naylor's The Women of Brewster Place and Paule Marshall's Praisesong for the Widow," Wells focuses upon the woman's role as mentor in various works of modem African American women writers. In using Gwendolyn Brooks' poem as the cornerstone of her study, she establishes the sense of anguish and frustration faced by the mother who seeks to give to her children a sense of worth and self-esteem in a society which automatically disenfranchises them. She poses an important question -- one that goes beyond the …
Critique [Of "What Shall I Give My Children?" The Role Of The Mentor In Gloria Naylor's The Women Of Brewster Place And Paule Marshall's Praisesong For The Widow By Linda Wells], Sandra E. Bowen
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
In her discussion of Mattie Michael and Avey Johnson as mentors in Gloria Naylor's The Women of Brewster Place and Paule Marshall's Praisesong for the Widow, Wells uses as a focal point Gwendolyn Brooks's poem "What Shall I Give My Children?" It is a socially and politically institutionalized assignment that becomes cosmic when experienced by African American women. Joanne M. Braxton expresses it: "As Black American women, we are born into a mystic sisterhood, and we live our lives within a magic circle, a realm of shared language, reference, and allusion within the veil of our blackness and our femaleness …
Critique [Of Jewish Studies: Are They Ethnic? By Howard Adelman], Victoria Aarons
Critique [Of Jewish Studies: Are They Ethnic? By Howard Adelman], Victoria Aarons
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Adelman's historical account of the rise and development of Jewish studies in European and American universities has implications not only for the current debate regarding the appropriateness and place of Jewish studies programs in the academy but also for the place of ethnic studies in university curricula in general. I believe the most compelling argument against ethnic studies programs in higher education charges them with institutionalizing specific ideologies and thus undermining the self-critical investigation of divergent positions within a traditional discipline. But this charge raises an equally troublesome presupposition : that courses of study can and should be compartmentalized into …
Critique [Of Asians, Jews, And The Legacy Of Midas By Alan Spector], Barbara L. Hiura
Critique [Of Asians, Jews, And The Legacy Of Midas By Alan Spector], Barbara L. Hiura
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The author of "Asians, Jews, and the Legacy of Midas" presents a provocative comparative analysis of Asians and Jews. Spector utilizes both a cultural and economic basis for understanding the function of Asian stereotyping and applies his analysis to the Jewish situation. While the American context provides the locus of his research, he does present his argument in an international context. Spector illustrates how the categorization of Asians and Jews as the "model" for economic success is dehumanizing as such a perception "drain(s) the life out of human beings and concretizes them into non-human statues." The conclusion of this author's …
Critique [Of Pica: Consideration Of A Historical And Current Problem With Racial Ethnic/ Cultural Overtones By Ella P. Lacey], Phyllis Gray-Ray
Critique [Of Pica: Consideration Of A Historical And Current Problem With Racial Ethnic/ Cultural Overtones By Ella P. Lacey], Phyllis Gray-Ray
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Pica, an eating disorder that is very prevalent among blacks, particularly southern, rural, pregnant women, is a serious problem that has received inadequate attention among researchers. Lacey's analysis of the importance of this disorder is made clear in her article.
Critique [Of American Medical And Intellectual Reaction To African Health Issues, 1850-1960: From Racialism To Cross-Cultural Medicine By David Mcbride], Celia J. Wintz
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Theories about inherent racial characteristics, both those purporting to be scientifically (empirically) based and those emanating from the "soft" sciences, have changed dramatically over the past century and a half. As David McBride notes, the basis for research about the etiology of disease and the provision of health care in the United States has been and continues to be empirically questionable. McBride further argues that the American health care approach has been significantly influenced by cultural, social, and economic factors which had little or no relation to scientific truth.
Critique [Of American Medical And Intellectual Reaction To African Health Issues, 1850-1960: From Racialism To Cross-Cultural Medicine By David Mcbride], Helen M. Castillo
Critique [Of American Medical And Intellectual Reaction To African Health Issues, 1850-1960: From Racialism To Cross-Cultural Medicine By David Mcbride], Helen M. Castillo
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
David McBride unravels an informative set of historical events linking blacks and the prevailing health care beliefs and practices during the 110 years between 1850 and 1960. That true and empirical medico-sociological research was unavailable in the late 1800s and early 1900s is well recognized, and one need only to review these dates and the literature available on this topic to find these major research limitations.
Critique [Of National Newspaper Analysis Of The Press Coverage Of Jesse Jackson's 1984 Presidential Campaign: The Confirmation Of The Candidate By J. Gregory Payne, Scott C. Ratzan, And Robert A. Baukus], Roberta J. Astroff
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The basic tenets for this article appear to be the following: "objective" news is possible; that "solely present[ing] facts" equals objectivity; and that "colorblind" news is even a possibility in this society.
Critique [Of Asians, Jews, And The Legacy Of Midas By Alan Spector], Steve Gold
Critique [Of Asians, Jews, And The Legacy Of Midas By Alan Spector], Steve Gold
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
In reading Alan Spector's paper, I was reminded of British sociologist Christie Davies' cross-national analysis of ethnic jokes. In it, she argues that majority members of a society stereotype others in order to reduce their own anxiety about social position. Davies found that such jokes tend to fall into either one of two catagories [categories]. The first and most common type of ethnic joke addresses those groups who live below one's own station in life.[1] By referring to them, one can elevate his/her own status and hence feel a bit more secure. A second type of joke ridicules groups who …
Critique [Of Equity And Excellence In Education--Compatible Concepts Or Hostile Abstractions? By Theresa E. Mccormick], Margaret A. Laughlin
Critique [Of Equity And Excellence In Education--Compatible Concepts Or Hostile Abstractions? By Theresa E. Mccormick], Margaret A. Laughlin
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Theresa McCormick argues that equity and excellence in education should not be accepted as being on opposite ends of a continuum, but rather should be viewed as two related components of education. The twin concepts of equity and excellence are compatible and must be identified as important goals of education. Educators at all instructional levels in all subject disciplines need to include a study of and value these educational and social concepts. These concepts can be taught to young people as "fairness" and "goodness." More mature students can examine the concepts from the perspective of several academic disciplines.
Critique [Of National Newspaper Analysis Of The Press Coverage Of Jesse Jackson's 1984 Presidential Campaign: The Confirmation Of The Candidate By J. Gregory Payne, Scott C. Ratzan, And Robert A. Baukus], James Bracy
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The issue of journalistic tradition in campaign reporting of minority candidates is a serious one. The essence of this research article appears to this reader to be one of gradual accumulation of evidence that 'yes,' being a minority (and/or woman) may affect a campaigner's coverage by the newspaper media. The jury is still out, however, as to what extent such coverage influences voters and other media, as well as what effect, if any, such media coverage has on the final election.
Critique [Of Inter-Ethnic Issues In Lorraine Hansberry's The Sign In Sidney Brustein's Window By Steven R. Carter], Helen Maclam
Critique [Of Inter-Ethnic Issues In Lorraine Hansberry's The Sign In Sidney Brustein's Window By Steven R. Carter], Helen Maclam
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Carter's analysis of the varied ethnic backgrounds of the characters in this play demonstrates Hansberry's commitment to a multiethnic society. Ethnicity is also clearly a factor in the complexity of the individual characters themselves, and in their interaction. Carter further gives a credible rationale (documented by quotations from Robert Nemiroff’s correspondence) for Hansberry's choice of Sidney, a Jew, as the vehicle for her message.
Critique [Of The Effects Of Reading Ethnic Literature On The Attitudes Of Adolescents By Joan Wynne Sullivan], Angelo A. Giugliano
Critique [Of The Effects Of Reading Ethnic Literature On The Attitudes Of Adolescents By Joan Wynne Sullivan], Angelo A. Giugliano
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The intent of Joan Sullivan's project as described in this article is one that can only be applauded -- working toward minimizing ethnocentrism and xenophobia must be seen as a sine quo non for a nation or a school community which aspires to realize a democratic ideology. Furthermore, there is no more important an age group on which to focus this project than that of the adolescent who is on the threshhold [threshold] of adult freedom and responsibility. Finally, educating the imagination toward a more just society for all through literature is a most meaningful use of the secondary school …
Critique [Of Implications For Survival: Coping Strategies Of The Women In Alice Walker's Novels By Robbie Jean Walker], Otis L. Scott
Critique [Of Implications For Survival: Coping Strategies Of The Women In Alice Walker's Novels By Robbie Jean Walker], Otis L. Scott
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Intersecting the tools of psychological and sociological research which attempt to explain real human behavior with the tools of the novelist which attempt to portray a fictional accounting of human behavior, Walker presents an analytical model for examining the coping behaviors of three women in two novels of Alice Walker: The Third Life of Grange Copeland and The Color Purple.
Critique [Of Implications For Survival: Coping Strategies Of The Women In Alice Walker's Novels By Robbie Jean Walker], Mary F. Sisney
Critique [Of Implications For Survival: Coping Strategies Of The Women In Alice Walker's Novels By Robbie Jean Walker], Mary F. Sisney
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
An examination of the coping strategies of vulnerable and victimized women characters in Alice Walker's fiction does suggest possibilities for coping with racial oppression. The most oppressed woman in Walker's fiction, however, is not Mem, Margaret, or Celie, but Sofia, the wife of Harpo, Celie's stepson in The Color Purple. Certainly Sofia is one of those "women who are cruelly exploited, spirits and bodies mutilated, relegated to the most narrow and confining lives, sometimes driven to madness." But she is not brutalized by her husband. Her tormentors are much more powerful and, therefore, much more frightening.
Critique [Of The Challenges And Limitations Of Conducting Research Among The Old Order Amish By Jerry Savells And Thomas Foster], David Gradwohl
Critique [Of The Challenges And Limitations Of Conducting Research Among The Old Order Amish By Jerry Savells And Thomas Foster], David Gradwohl
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The fact that the Old Order Amish have resisted acculturation processes in the United States is not startling news. The generally successful persistence of many aspects of traditional Amish culture as islands within the mainstream of American society has been well-articulated in general studies by John Hostetler and others. It is also documented in more specific community studies, for example the work of Elmer and Dorothy Schwieder at Kalona, Iowa, published in 1975 -- a source not cited in the above article, although that community was also among the individual Old Order Amish groups studied by Savells and Foster. Similarly, …
Critique [Of The Challenges And Limitations Of Conducting Research Among The Old Order Amish By Jerry Savells And Thomas Foster], Louise Mayo
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This article, by Jerry Savells and Thomas Foster may well be useful for researchers attempting studies of groups living voluntarily outside of the "mainstream" of American society. To a non-specialist like this historian, however, the article is ultimately frustrating.
Critique [Of From The Ground Up: Multiethnic Literature In The Humanities Curriculum By Margaret Bedrosian], Gloria Eive
Critique [Of From The Ground Up: Multiethnic Literature In The Humanities Curriculum By Margaret Bedrosian], Gloria Eive
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Studies of multi-ethnic literature of the U.S., proposed in "From the Ground Up ..." should be, if they are not already, accepted fields of study in colleges, universities and secondary schools. One would hope that by now, the unique perspective offered by multi-ethnic studies would be appreciated for the insight it offers in understanding the many elements which have created our heritage, history and contemporary "American Society" -- and, by extension, global society as well. One would expect that multi-ethnic studies are, or will soon be requisite in "standard" humanities curricula for the same reasons that courses such as geography, …
Critique [Of Implications For Survival: Coping Strategies Of The Women In Alice Walker's Novels By Robbie Jean Walker], Janice W. Clemmer
Critique [Of Implications For Survival: Coping Strategies Of The Women In Alice Walker's Novels By Robbie Jean Walker], Janice W. Clemmer
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Overall, the author presents an interesting, readable concept. Considering the popularity of Alice Walker's prize-winning novel, The Color Purple, and its acclaim since being made into a movie, a wider audience and interest in black Americans will pique prospective reader interest in the article.
Critique [Of The Challenges And Limitations Of Conducting Research Among The Old Order Amish By Jerry Savells And Thomas Foster], Margaret Laughlin
Critique [Of The Challenges And Limitations Of Conducting Research Among The Old Order Amish By Jerry Savells And Thomas Foster], Margaret Laughlin
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Savells and Foster in individual settings and circumstances have conducted research among members of the Old Order Amish using interviews and questionnaire surveys. While they report their efforts in one paper, this reviewer suspects each author had very different purposes in mind as he conducted his individual ethnographic research project. Savells's and Foster's research may have generated new information, but this information needs to be linked with earlier research findings which in turn can be used to create new knowledge. The theoretical framework from which each worked is not clear, although both authors do attempt to place their findings within …