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Full-Text Articles in Social Work
Are Child Development Accounts Inclusive? Early Evidence From A Statewide Experiment, Sondra G. Beverly, Youngmi Kim, Michael Sherraden, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy
Are Child Development Accounts Inclusive? Early Evidence From A Statewide Experiment, Sondra G. Beverly, Youngmi Kim, Michael Sherraden, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy
Center for Social Development Research
A key objective of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) is to increase college completion rates among disadvantaged youth by helping families accumulate assets for college and by encouraging youth to see themselves as college bound. While the major asset-building programs in the United States largely benefit socioeconomically advantaged individuals, CDAs explicitly aim to facilitate account holding and asset accumulation by disadvantaged families. But do CDAs meet the goal of being inclusive? This research uses data from a large CDA experiment with probability sampling and random assignment to examine early CDA savings outcomes. Findings indicate that the CDA improves outcomes for several …
Contributions Of Qualitative Research To Understanding Saving Theory For Children And Youth, Margaret Sherraden, Clark Peters, Kristen Wagner, Margaret Clancy, Baorong Guo
Contributions Of Qualitative Research To Understanding Saving Theory For Children And Youth, Margaret Sherraden, Clark Peters, Kristen Wagner, Margaret Clancy, Baorong Guo
Center for Social Development Research
This paper explores contributions of qualitative research to saving theory for children, youth, and parents in Children’s Development Account (CDA) programs. It brings together findings from three studies: (1) elementary school age children saving for college, (2) youth transitioning from foster care saving for education and other purposes, and (3) mothers of toddlers saving for college. Findings suggest that children, youth, and parents find CDAs helpful in accumulating savings. CDAs interact with developmental stages to motivate and facilitate saving. Accumulating savings has positive meaning for participants in CDAs for economic and psychological reasons. However, although CDAs overcome some obstacles in …
Two Accounts For Why Adolescent Savings Is Predictive Of Young Adult Savings: An Economic Socialization Perspective And An Institutional Perspective, William Elliott Iii, Paul Webley, Terri Friedline
Two Accounts For Why Adolescent Savings Is Predictive Of Young Adult Savings: An Economic Socialization Perspective And An Institutional Perspective, William Elliott Iii, Paul Webley, Terri Friedline
Center for Social Development Research
Economic socialization and the institutional theory of saving offer different accounts for why adolescents' savings predicts savings in young adulthood. Economic socialization theory emphasizes the role that the family plays in whether or not youth develop a future time orientation and a habit of saving. Conversely, an institutional theory is built on the premise that acquisition of financial knowledge and resources are strongly influenced by structural failures related to social class and race. Using longitudinal data (N = 694) from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and its supplements, this paper asks whether having savings as an adolescent (ages …
Do Child Development Accounts Promote Account Holding, Saving, And Asset Accumulation For Children's Future? Evidence From A Statewide Randomized Experiment, Yunju Nam, Youngmi Kim, Margaret Clancy, Robert Zager, Michael Sherraden
Do Child Development Accounts Promote Account Holding, Saving, And Asset Accumulation For Children's Future? Evidence From A Statewide Randomized Experiment, Yunju Nam, Youngmi Kim, Margaret Clancy, Robert Zager, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
This study examines the impacts of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) on account holding, saving, and asset accumulation for children, using data from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids experiment (SEED OK). SEED OK, a policy test of universal and progressive CDAs, provides a 529 college savings plan account to every infant in the treatment group with automatic account opening and an initial deposit. SEED OK also encourages treatment participants to open their own 529 accounts with an account opening incentive and a savings match. Using a sample of infants randomly selected from birth records (N=2,70) and randomly assigned to treatment and …
Toward A Children's Savings And College-Bound Identity Intervention For Raising College Attendance Rates: A Multilevel Propensity Score Analysis, William Elliott Iii, Gina Chowa, Vernon Loke
Toward A Children's Savings And College-Bound Identity Intervention For Raising College Attendance Rates: A Multilevel Propensity Score Analysis, William Elliott Iii, Gina Chowa, Vernon Loke
Center for Social Development Research
It has been suggested that children’s savings programs will be more effective if they are combined with strategies to build children’s college-bound identities. In this study we use a multi-level treatment approach to propensity score analysis to test this proposition. Findings suggest that children who have savings and are certain they will graduate from a four-year college are more likely to attend college than their counterparts. Given this, we suggest that children’s savings policies designed to increase college attendance rates will be more effective if they include strategies for building children’s college-bound identity and college-bound identity programs will be more …
Reducing The College Progress Gap Between Low- To Moderate-Income (Lmi) And High-Income (Hi) Young Adults, William Elliott Iii, Monique Constance-Huggins, Hyun-A Song
Reducing The College Progress Gap Between Low- To Moderate-Income (Lmi) And High-Income (Hi) Young Adults, William Elliott Iii, Monique Constance-Huggins, Hyun-A Song
Center for Social Development Research
College progress identifies young adults who are “on course,” that is, those who are currently enrolled in, or who have a degree from, a two-year college or a four-year college. However, little is known about the impact of these factors on low-to-moderate-income (LMI) young adults. Findings suggest LMI young adults with school savings are two and half times more likely to be on course than LMI young adults without savings. Policies such as universal Child Development Accounts (CDAs) that can help adolescents accumulate savings may be a simple and effective strategy for helping to keep LMI young adults on course.
Taking Stock Of Ten Years Of Research On The Relationship Between Assets And Children's Educational Outcomes: Implications For Theory, Policy, And Intervention, William Elliott Iii, Mesmin Destin, Terri Friedline
Taking Stock Of Ten Years Of Research On The Relationship Between Assets And Children's Educational Outcomes: Implications For Theory, Policy, And Intervention, William Elliott Iii, Mesmin Destin, Terri Friedline
Center for Social Development Research
This paper has two main goals. First, we provide a review of 38 studies on the relationship between assets and children’s educational attainment. Second, we discuss implications for Child Development Accounts (CDAs) policies. CDAs have been proposed as a potentially novel and promising asset approach for helping to finance college. More specifically, we propose that CDAs should be designed so that, in addition to promoting savings, they include aspects that help make children’s college-bound identity salient, congruent with children’s group identity, and that help children develop strategies for overcoming difficulties.
The Age Old Question, Which Comes First? A Simultaneous Test Of Children's Savings And Children's College-Bound Identity, William Elliott Iii, Eun Hee Choi, Mesmin Destin, Kevin H. Kim
The Age Old Question, Which Comes First? A Simultaneous Test Of Children's Savings And Children's College-Bound Identity, William Elliott Iii, Eun Hee Choi, Mesmin Destin, Kevin H. Kim
Center for Social Development Research
This study has three goals: (1) to provide an extensive review of research on the assets/expectation relationship, (2) to provide a conceptual framework for how children’s savings effects children’s college-bound identity (children’s college expectations are a proxy for children’s college-bound identity), and (3) to conduct a simultaneous test of whether owning a savings account leads to college-bound identity or college-bound identity lead to owning a savings account using path analytic technique with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Our review reveals asset researchers theorize about college-bound identity in two distinct but compatible ways: college-bound identity as a “linking mechanism," and college-bound identity …
The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Initial Account Opening And Savings, Robert Zager, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy, Michael Sherraden
The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Initial Account Opening And Savings, Robert Zager, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
The SEED for Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Initial Account Opening and Savings
The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Initial Account Opening And Savings, Robert Zager, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam, Margaret M. Clancy, Michael Sherraden
The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Initial Account Opening And Savings, Robert Zager, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam, Margaret M. Clancy, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
The SEED for Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Initial Account Opening and Savings
Do Parental Assets Matter For Children's Educational Attainment?: Evidence From Mediation Tests, Youngmi Kim, Michael Sherraden
Do Parental Assets Matter For Children's Educational Attainment?: Evidence From Mediation Tests, Youngmi Kim, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
This study investigates (1) the effects of parental assets on children’s educational attainment from high school completion to college degree attainment, and (2) mediating roles played by parental involvement, child’s educational expectations, and child’s self-esteem. The study sample (N=632) is drawn from the Child and Young Adult data supplement to the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979. Results indicate that parental assets are associated with children’s later educational attainment. Financial assets and home-ownership are significantly associated with high school completion and college attendance. In addition, family income becomes non-significant when specific measures of assets and liabilities are taken into account. …
Staying On Course: The Effects Of Savings And Assets On The College Progress Of Young Adults, William Elliott Iii, Sondra G. Beverly
Staying On Course: The Effects Of Savings And Assets On The College Progress Of Young Adults, William Elliott Iii, Sondra G. Beverly
Center for Social Development Research
Increasingly, college graduation is seen as a necessary step toward achieving the American Dream. However, large disparities exist in graduation rates. This study examines the college progress of young adults. Findings suggest that 57% of young adults between the ages of 17 and 23 are “on course,” that is, are currently attending or have graduated from college. Those with family assets and savings of their own are more likely to be on course. In multivariate analysis, both net worth and youth school savings are strong predictors of college progress. Youth school savings and parental savings for youth are strong predictors …
The Role Of Savings And Wealth In Reducing "Wilt" Between Expectations And College Attendance, William Elliott Iii, Sondra G. Beverly
The Role Of Savings And Wealth In Reducing "Wilt" Between Expectations And College Attendance, William Elliott Iii, Sondra G. Beverly
Center for Social Development Research
“Wilt” occurs when a young person who expects to attend college while in high school does not attend college shortly after graduating. In this study we find that youth with no account in their own name are more likely to experience wilt than any other group examined. In multivariate analysis, youth who expect to graduate from a four-year college and have an account are approximately seven times more likely to attend college than youth who have no account. Youth who expect to graduate from a four-year college and have designated a portion of their savings for college are approximately four …
Assets And Child Well-Being In Developed Countries, Trina Williams Shanks, Youngmi Kim, Vernon Loke, Mesmin Destin
Assets And Child Well-Being In Developed Countries, Trina Williams Shanks, Youngmi Kim, Vernon Loke, Mesmin Destin
Center for Social Development Research
Although there is no universal approach to offering Child Development Accounts (CDAs), this paper introduces a framework for an age-based conceptual model that describes how such accounts might influence indicators of child wellbeing. With a focus on optimal age-appropriate development beginning at birth and ranging through young adulthood, the model incorporates research from multiple disciplines to include direct effects, indirect effects and critical milestones. We review empirical evidence from national datasets (primarily from the United States, but including research from other developed countries) to provide a context for this framework. This conceptual and empirical backdrop provides a starting point from …
Streamlined Enrollment And Default Investment: Innovations In Alaska's College Savings Plan, Margaret M. Clancy, Terry Lassar, Rebekah Miller
Streamlined Enrollment And Default Investment: Innovations In Alaska's College Savings Plan, Margaret M. Clancy, Terry Lassar, Rebekah Miller
Center for Social Development Research
As college savings plans have gained in popularity and matured over the years, states have developed a number of innovations to facilitate access to and participation in 529s. This paper examines innovations in streamlined enrollment, pre-selected investment, and default investment in Alaska’s college savings plan. These 529 innovations—intended to facilitate greater participation, especially amongst low- and middle-income families—could play a more important role in other states to encourage savings for postsecondary education.
Account Monitoring Research At Michigan Seed, Vernon Loke, Margaret Clancy, Robert Zager
Account Monitoring Research At Michigan Seed, Vernon Loke, Margaret Clancy, Robert Zager
Center for Social Development Research
Account Monitoring Research at Michigan SEED
The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Comparison Of Treatment And Control Groups, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam
The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Comparison Of Treatment And Control Groups, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam
Center for Social Development Research
The SEED for Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Comparison of Treatment and Control Groups
Tribal Innovations In Children's Accounts, Miriam Jorgensen, Peter Morris
Tribal Innovations In Children's Accounts, Miriam Jorgensen, Peter Morris
Center for Social Development Research
An important frontier in savings policy and research is the effectiveness of accounts at birth. This paper presents ideas and initial findings from the experience of American Indian nations—America’s first asset-builders—with such policies. It describes the motivations for creating “minors’ accounts,” which are offered by approximately 70 tribes. These tribes are the only jurisdictions in the nation to offer universal, unrestricted accounts for children. Increasingly, they also are using conditions and incentives to promote their policy goals. Their experiences and ideas offer important insights for mainstream policy makers and program managers (in the US and elsewhere) about how to design …
Overview Of Child Development Accounts In Developing Countries, Jeff Meyer, Rainier D. Masa, Jamie M. Zimmerman
Overview Of Child Development Accounts In Developing Countries, Jeff Meyer, Rainier D. Masa, Jamie M. Zimmerman
Center for Social Development Research
Child Development Accounts (CDAs) as a matter of policy have existed for some time, though predominantly in developed countries. While there are at least a few government social programs with CDA components in the developing world, such policies have yet to gain significant traction. This paper finds that despite this lack of policy movement, CDAs do exist in developing countries in a variety of forms and delivered by a diverse group of institutions. Government-linked institutions (such as savings and post banks); non-governmental institutions (such as credit unions and NGOs); and commercial financial institutions are all innovating in CDA design and …
City And Community Innovations In Cdas: The Role Of Community-Based Organizations, Carl Rist, Liana Humphrey
City And Community Innovations In Cdas: The Role Of Community-Based Organizations, Carl Rist, Liana Humphrey
Center for Social Development Research
In the SEED Initiative, twelve community-based organizations (CBOs) across the United States and its territories were chosen to offer CDAs, establish best practices in delivering CDAs and demonstrate “proof of concept.” Since the inception of the SEED Initiative, a second wave of CDA programs has emerged at the local level. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these community and city-wide CDA innovations in the U.S. and to examine the role that CBOs play in these innovations. First, this paper explores the theory behind CBO engagement in asset-building and the roles CBOs typically play at the local level. Second, …
Seed Account Monitoring Research, Lisa Reyes Mason, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy, Vernon Loke, Youngmi Kim
Seed Account Monitoring Research, Lisa Reyes Mason, Yunju Nam, Margaret Clancy, Vernon Loke, Youngmi Kim
Center for Social Development Research
SEED Account Monitoring Research
Seed Deposit, Match Cap, And Net Savings Patterns: An Assessment Of Institutional Incentives In The I Can Save Program, Baorong Guo, Margaret S. Sherraden, Lissa Johnson
Seed Deposit, Match Cap, And Net Savings Patterns: An Assessment Of Institutional Incentives In The I Can Save Program, Baorong Guo, Margaret S. Sherraden, Lissa Johnson
Center for Social Development Research
Incentive structures are key to the success of asset-building programs. a review of the existing literature reveals a lack of knowledge regarding the time dimension of incentive structures embedded in the asset-building programs. It is not clear how saving performance may change even when institutional settings stay the same over time. Using cash flow data from I Can Save, a small-scale Child Development Account demonstration project, this study closely examines how two institutional components, seed deposit and match cap, affect net savings over the four-year observation period. Results from the descriptive and multivariate analyses show that saving performance is a …
Seed Account Monitoring Research: Participants, Savings, And Accumulation, Lisa Reyes Mason, Yunju Reyes Mason, Margaret Clancy, Vernon Loke, Youngmi Kim
Seed Account Monitoring Research: Participants, Savings, And Accumulation, Lisa Reyes Mason, Yunju Reyes Mason, Margaret Clancy, Vernon Loke, Youngmi Kim
Center for Social Development Research
SEED Account Monitoring Research: Participants, Savings, and Accumulation
Asset-Based Policy In Hong Kong: Child Development Fund, Michael Sherraden, Li Zou
Asset-Based Policy In Hong Kong: Child Development Fund, Michael Sherraden, Li Zou
Center for Social Development Research
The government of Hong Kong officially launched the HK$300 million Child Development Fund (CDF) in November 2008. In the words of Hong Kong’s Secretary for Labor and Welfare, Mr. Matthew Cheung Kin-chung, the CDF’s purpose was to “capitalize on the strengths of various sectors in the community to help our disadvantaged children.” The Hong Kong government drew upon the asset-building research and experience of the Center for Social Development (CSD) at Washington University in St. Louis. In November 2006, Michael Sherraden of CSD delivered a keynote address at the Child Development Forum organized by the Hong Kong Government’s Commission on …
A New Approach To Promote Economic Independence Among At-Risk Children: Child Development Accounts (Cdas) In Korea, Yunju Nam, Chang-Keun Han
A New Approach To Promote Economic Independence Among At-Risk Children: Child Development Accounts (Cdas) In Korea, Yunju Nam, Chang-Keun Han
Center for Social Development Research
This case study investigates the adoption and implementation of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) in South Korea, using information collected from in-depth interviews and existing documents. The design of the program, an asset-building program for children in the child welfare system, reflects unique needs and conditions of the target population and promotes strong collaboration among governmental and private entities. Issue framing emerges as an important strategy for the CDA policy’s adoption. Institutional and organizational factors, such as sponsorship and well-developed collaboration among multiple partners, may explain the successful implementation of the program.
The History And Status Of Children's Allowances: Policy Background For Children's Savings Accounts, Curley Jami, Michael Sherraden
The History And Status Of Children's Allowances: Policy Background For Children's Savings Accounts, Curley Jami, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
The history and status of children's allowances: Policy background for Children's Savings Accounts
Seed For Oklahoma Kids: Demonstrating Child Development Accounts For All Newborns, Michael Sherraden, Margaret M. Clancy
Seed For Oklahoma Kids: Demonstrating Child Development Accounts For All Newborns, Michael Sherraden, Margaret M. Clancy
Center for Social Development Research
SEED for Oklahoma Kids: Demonstrating Child Development Accounts for All Newborns
Building Assets From Birth: A Global Comparison Of Child Development Account Policies, Vernon Loke, Michael Sherraden
Building Assets From Birth: A Global Comparison Of Child Development Account Policies, Vernon Loke, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
Asset building is a growing theme in public policy, and building assets from birth in the form of Child Development Accounts is now occurring in several countries. This paper provides an overview of the Child Development Account policies in Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Korea, and the proposed policy in the United States. The key elements of inclusiveness, progressivity, coherence and integration, and development are explicated and discussed.
Seed Account Monitoring Research: Participants And Savings Outcomes At June 30, 2007, Lisa Reyes Mason, Margaret Clancy, Vernon Loke, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam, Soda Lo
Seed Account Monitoring Research: Participants And Savings Outcomes At June 30, 2007, Lisa Reyes Mason, Margaret Clancy, Vernon Loke, Youngmi Kim, Yunju Nam, Soda Lo
Center for Social Development Research
SEED Account Monitoring Research: Participants and Savings Outcomes at June 30, 2007
Building Children's Assets In Singapore: The Post-Secondary Education Account Policy, Vernon Loke, Michael Sherraden
Building Children's Assets In Singapore: The Post-Secondary Education Account Policy, Vernon Loke, Michael Sherraden
Center for Social Development Research
Building Children's Assets in Singapore: The Post-Secondary Education Account Policy