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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Other Psychology
Potential Interventions For Policy Support Targeting Justice Involved People With Mental Illness, Betel Alexis Hernandez
Potential Interventions For Policy Support Targeting Justice Involved People With Mental Illness, Betel Alexis Hernandez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Many people hold the misconception that people with mental illness are dangerous. Consequently, people with mental illness are often feared. This stigma is reinforced by the overrepresentation of people with mental illness in the criminal legal system. However, many people with mental illness struggle with the legal system due to ineffective policies making it difficult to adequately identify and treat this population within the legal system. The current studies aimed to understand public support of correctional policy aimed at people with mental illness, examine attitudinal factors that may be associated with this support, and test potential interventions for decreasing stigma …
The Relative Impact Of Anecdotal And Statistical Evidence On Covid-19 Vaccine Intentions., Kiran Misra
The Relative Impact Of Anecdotal And Statistical Evidence On Covid-19 Vaccine Intentions., Kiran Misra
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study investigated the relative impact of anecdotal and statistical safety evidence on the perceived likelihood of unvaccinated friends or relatives experiencing severe adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination. This study also investigated the relative impact of anecdotal and statistical evidence on an individualâ??s intention to encourage unvaccinated friends and relatives to talk with healthcare providers about COVID-19 vaccination. Three hundred and fifty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions. In each condition, I manipulated the presence of base rate evidence (present, absent) that supported the safety of COVID-19 vaccination; I also manipulated the presence of anecdotal evidence …
Assessing How Bilingual Experience Impacts Performance In Stimulus-Stimulus And Stimulus-Response Conflict Tasks, Christian Ruiz-Ortiz
Assessing How Bilingual Experience Impacts Performance In Stimulus-Stimulus And Stimulus-Response Conflict Tasks, Christian Ruiz-Ortiz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Numerous studies have revealed that bilingual individuals outperform monolinguals in tasks requiring executive control. However, the exact impact of bilingualism on executive functions remains unclear due to inconsistent findings in the literature. These discrepancies may stem from factors such as participant demographics, variations in definitions and operationalizations of bilingualism, and task selection. To address these issues, we investigated the link between degree of balance and contextual use with the ability to address conflict across sensory modalities (auditory and visual) at different stages of processing. Rather than focusing on mean performance, this study investigated performance stability (coefficient of variation) over time …
Mechanisms Of False Memories In Bilinguals, Bianca Valentina Gurrola
Mechanisms Of False Memories In Bilinguals, Bianca Valentina Gurrola
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Research on false memory in bilinguals has discovered that false memories can transfer across languages and occur at a higher rate than for within-language false memories (Marmolejo et al., 2009). However, the exact conditions that cause the stronger between-language false memory effect are not clear, nor is it clear how language proficiency influences the production of false memories. The present study had three goals. First, we tested whether the stronger between- language false memory effect relative to the within-language effect would replicate. Second, we examined whether bilinguals could integrate information across languages to form false memories by implementing a mixed-language …
A Threat To Valid Guilty Pleas: The Impact Of Guilt Status, Acute Stress, And Plea Knowledge On Plea-Bargaining Decisions, Grace Hanzelin
A Threat To Valid Guilty Pleas: The Impact Of Guilt Status, Acute Stress, And Plea Knowledge On Plea-Bargaining Decisions, Grace Hanzelin
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The most common route through the US criminal justice system is through plea-bargaining, with over 95% of criminal cases ending in a guilty plea. Previous studies have found different factors (e.g., plea discounts; Wilford et al., 2021) that can increase the likelihood of a false guilty plea. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of guilt status on plea decisions, but also to see how guilt may work alongside acute stress and pre-existing knowledge of the plea process to drive plea-bargaining decisions. Participants (N = 188) were assigned to complete either a stressful or a non-stressful version of the …
Self Stigma Of Seeking Psychological Help As A Predictor Of College Students' Alcohol Use And Consequences During Covid-19, Aitiana Ivonne Sanchez
Self Stigma Of Seeking Psychological Help As A Predictor Of College Students' Alcohol Use And Consequences During Covid-19, Aitiana Ivonne Sanchez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
COVID-19 has caused continuous depression, anxiety, and stress, in addition to the already increased symptoms of mental illness typically seen among college students. While diagnosed mental illness is common among college aged individuals, college students frequently experience undiagnosed symptoms of mental illness as well. Additionally, college students typically do not disclose any information regarding experiencing symptoms of mental illness and thus do not receive proper treatment for these undiagnosed disorders. There are numerous reasons students choose not to disclose having a mental illness; however, stigma surrounding mental illness and seeking psychological help stands as the most prominent reason. Untreated mental …
Predictive Utility Of The El Paso Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument - Revised (Eppra-R), Chelsea Sierra Queen
Predictive Utility Of The El Paso Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument - Revised (Eppra-R), Chelsea Sierra Queen
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Pretrial risk assessments are used to divert defendants from pretrial detention by estimating risk of pretrial specific outcomes (i.e., failure to appear, rearrest). Ongoing validation of this tool is recommended to assess accuracy and ensure that there is no bias against specific subgroups (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, or age) of defendants. The present study evaluates the utility of a locally developed instrument in El Paso County - a predominantly Latinx county. Area Under the Curve (AUC) Receiving Operator Condition (ROC) analyses indicate statistically â??fairâ?? predictive utility for the tool. Binary logistic regression models suggest no evidence of bias. This study will …
Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Fluoxetine Exposure On Autophagy Induction And Phosphorylated Tau In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex Of Male Mice, Minerva Rodriguez
Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Fluoxetine Exposure On Autophagy Induction And Phosphorylated Tau In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex Of Male Mice, Minerva Rodriguez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Fluoxetine (FLX) represents the antidepressant of choice for the management of pediatric mood-related illnesses. Accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that ontogenic FLX exposure leads to deregulated affect-related phenotypes in adulthood. Mood-related symptomatology constitutes a risk-factor for various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), making it possible for juvenile FLX history to exacerbate the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Because AD is characterized by the pathological accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau - which can result from impaired function of protein degradation pathways, such as autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), this thesis evaluated the potential long-term effects of adolescent FLX exposure on these pathways, …
Long-Term Effects Of Adolescent Fluoxetine Exposure On Hippocampal Gene Expression In Male C57bl/6 Mice, Anapaula Themann
Long-Term Effects Of Adolescent Fluoxetine Exposure On Hippocampal Gene Expression In Male C57bl/6 Mice, Anapaula Themann
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Mood-related disorders, including depression and anxiety, are prevalent among children and adolescents. This poses a public health challenge, given their adverse impact on these young populations. Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) is the first line of pharmacological intervention in pediatric patients suffering from affect-related illnesses. Although the use of this antidepressant has been deemed efficacious in the juvenile population, the enduring neurobiological consequences of adolescent FLX exposure are not well understood. For this reason, we explored for persistent molecular adaptations, in the adult hippocampus, as a function of adolescent FLX pretreatment. To do this, we administered …
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Impacts Of Friendship Stability And Homophily On Justice-Involved Juveniles' Offending And Substance Use, Anna Dmitriyevna Drozdova
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Impacts Of Friendship Stability And Homophily On Justice-Involved Juveniles' Offending And Substance Use, Anna Dmitriyevna Drozdova
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Stable friendships in adolescence are associated with a variety of benefits such as strengthened social skills (Newcomb & Bagwell, 1995) and positive social adjustment (Hartup & Stevens, 1997), while unstable friendships are associated with a variety of problem behaviors such as delinquency and substance use (Miller, 2002). Further, greater friendship stability is associated with greater friendship homophily (i.e., similarity among friends; Carrington, 2015), and stable and homophilous friendships of delinquent adolescents may have deleterious consequences due to modeled and reinforced problem behaviors. However, few studies have explored how friendship stability and homophily operate specifically among justice-involved youths. Using data collected …
Adiposity And Arterial Stiffness: Associations With Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamic Response And Response Inhibition, John William Capps
Adiposity And Arterial Stiffness: Associations With Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamic Response And Response Inhibition, John William Capps
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Obesity is a global health crisis associated with increased arterial stiffness, diminished brain reactivity, and diminished executive functioning. Inhibitory control, a specific domain of executive functioning, is known to be especially important to behaviors influencing health. The current study aimed to determine if increased adiposity and arterial stiffness were associated with performance and brain activation for two inhibitory control subtypes, response restraint, and response cancellation. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, the Cued Go/No-go Task, the Stop Signal Task, and functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) were used to investigate these relationships. Pearson correlations indicated that slower stop-signal reaction time was associated with a …
We Are All Green: Stereotypes For Female Soldiers And Veterans, Katherine French
We Are All Green: Stereotypes For Female Soldiers And Veterans, Katherine French
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
As the number of females in the U.S. military continues to rise, the need for research concerning this cohort becomes increasingly important. In consideration of gender role theory, society may assume that soldiers and veterans are male, due to stereotypes. Thus, it was hypothesized that participants would be more likely to implicitly associate military (i.e. prior military or combat veteran) as male compared the neutral condition (i.e. prior Peace Corp volunteer). The current study (N = 174) used gender pronouns as implicit measures of gender assumptions. Participants were assigned to read six gender neutral scenarios; three focal scenarios (i.e. combat …
The Framing Of Recycling Information Toward Behavioral Intention, Perla Celeste Perez
The Framing Of Recycling Information Toward Behavioral Intention, Perla Celeste Perez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Most studies have measured the relationship between self-reported recycling behavior and attitudes. Very little research has focused on how the framing of recycling information moderates this relationship. Moreover, even less research has examined how communication messages directly impacts self-efficacy of recycling. Thus, the aim of this study is to further understand factors that influence self-reported recycling behavioral intention and information framing. We predicted that pro-environmental behavior would be positively associated with climate change beliefs and recycling efficacy. We also predicted that individuals that read a positive recycling article would be more likely to intend to recycle than individuals who read …
An Investigation Of The Loci Of Bilingual Switch Costs During Reading Comprehension, Joseph Anthony Negron
An Investigation Of The Loci Of Bilingual Switch Costs During Reading Comprehension, Joseph Anthony Negron
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
In the present study, we examined whether the comprehension of language switches can be accounted for exclusively by activation dynamics within the lexicon, or whether there is evidence that cognitive general control processes outside of the lexicon are also engaged. In Experiment 1 we compared the fixation durations made on words embedded in either language pure or language switched sentences. The critical words were either cognates or non-cognate controls and served as the switch point in the language switched versions of the sentences. An overall switch cost was observed, which did not interact with cognate status or direction of the …
The Implications Of Gender Roles On Hiv Risk Behaviors And Latinas' Hiv Risk Perception Among A College Sample, Juliana De Almeida Cardoso Smith
The Implications Of Gender Roles On Hiv Risk Behaviors And Latinas' Hiv Risk Perception Among A College Sample, Juliana De Almeida Cardoso Smith
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The primary aim of the proposed research was to investigate the moderating effects of gender roles in regards to HIV sexual risk behaviors and HIV risk perception. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a serious public health concern that affects an estimated 1.2 million individuals in the United States, disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities. We hypothesize that gender roles will significantly moderate the relationship between HIV sexual risk behaviors and HIV risk perceptions. Additionally, we hypothesize that while subordinate marianismo and perceived partner's negative machismo will not moderate the relationship between HIV sexual risk behaviors and HIV risk perceptions by themselves; their …
The Love Is Not Lost: The Reparative Function Of Romantic Nostalgia, Nicholas Daniel Evans
The Love Is Not Lost: The Reparative Function Of Romantic Nostalgia, Nicholas Daniel Evans
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Recent research has found that experiencing romantic nostalgia (i.e. nostalgia specific to one's romantic partner or relationship) can serve several emotional and experiential benefits to romantic relationships. Yet, research within this domain is still limited-specifically, how nostalgia can improve relationships during turmoil or conflict. Thus, in two studies, the current project investigates the reparative benefits of romantic nostalgia when experienced in the context of relationship turmoil. Study 1 (N = 245) investigated the links between trait romantic nostalgia, the conflict compromise style, and positive relationship experiences: closeness, commitment, and relationship satisfaction. Romantic nostalgia was positively linked to all three relationship …
Under The Skin: Psychophysiological Consequences Of Racial Discrimination, Miriam Josephine Alvarez
Under The Skin: Psychophysiological Consequences Of Racial Discrimination, Miriam Josephine Alvarez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Background. Attitudes toward one's ethnic group can have particular implications for health functioning among groups that are misrepresented or discriminated against by societal institutions. The present experiments tested the consequences of experiencing racism on psychophysiological stress and executive function. Resilience and ethnic identity are examined as a protective factors. Specifically, Experiment 1 testes how discrimination impacts (1) anxiety, (2) heart rate, (3) working memory, and (4) the role of resilience as a protective factor. Experiment 2 sought to (1) replicate Experiment 1, (2) explore the interaction of ethnic identification and perceived prejudice on stress among Latinxs, and (3) establish a …
Insulin Modulates The Strong Reinforcing Effects Of Nicotine And Changes In Insulin Biomarkers In A Rodent Model Of Diabetes, Bryan Cruz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study examined whether the strong reinforcing effects of nicotine and changes in insulin biomarkers observed in diabetic rats are modulated via insulin. A model of diabetes was employed involving administration of streptozotocin (STZ), which produces hypoinsulinemia in rats. The present study included vehicle- or STZ-treated rats that received sham surgery or an insulin pellet. Two-weeks later, the rats were given extended access to intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of saline or nicotine. Concomitant changes in food intake, water responses, and body weight were assessed during 12 days of IVSA. After the last session, plasma levels of insulin, leptin, amylin, and glucagon-like …
A Psychometric Evaluation Of The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Tsrq) For Assessing Motivations For Responsible Drinking, Dylan Keith Richards
A Psychometric Evaluation Of The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Tsrq) For Assessing Motivations For Responsible Drinking, Dylan Keith Richards
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Self-determination theory (SDT) may be useful for understanding alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences among college students. A version of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ; Ryan & Connell, 1989) exists for assessing motivations proposed by SDT for responsible drinking, but no study has evaluated its psychometric properties. Thus, the purpose of the present studies was to provide a psychometric evaluation of this version of the TSRQ. In Study 1, among a convenience sample of college student drinkers (n = 308), a four-factor structure of the TSRQ that is theoretically consistent with SDT was supported; however, the amotivation subscale demonstrated unacceptable internal …
Fluoxetine Exposure Results In Decreased Sensitivity To Cocaine And Sucrose Later In Life: A Study In Female C57bl/6 Mice, Francisco Javier Flores Ramirez
Fluoxetine Exposure Results In Decreased Sensitivity To Cocaine And Sucrose Later In Life: A Study In Female C57bl/6 Mice, Francisco Javier Flores Ramirez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Preclinical evidence indicates that exposure to psychotropic medications, during early development, results in long-lasting altered responses to stress- and reward-related stimuli. However, these animal studies have been conducted, primarily, using male subjects. This is surprising, given that clinical data suggests that females have a higher likelihood, than their male counterparts, to be diagnosed with mood-related illnesses, and thus, be prescribed with psychotropic medications, mostly antidepressants. Therefore, to examine whether enduring reward-related alterations are exhibited as a result of antidepressant exposure, in female subjects specifically, we exposed C57BL/6 female mice to fluoxetine (FLX; 250 mg/l in their drinking water). Specifically, separate …
The Development Of A Drinking-Specific Compensatory Health Beliefs Scale, Sandra L. Oviedo Ramirez
The Development Of A Drinking-Specific Compensatory Health Beliefs Scale, Sandra L. Oviedo Ramirez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The present study sought to investigate the applicability of the Compensatory Health Belief (CHB) model in relation to drinking by developing and validating the Drinking-Specific Compensatory Health Beliefs (CHBs) Scale in adults between the ages of 18 and 29 living in the United States. In phase 1, a pool of 41 items was administered to 293 undergraduate students. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to construct the Drinking-Specific CHBs Scale, which consists of 13 items that encompass four different factors - physical activity, no consumption of other drugs, amount of alcohol consumed in future, and rest. In phase 2, …
Source Monitoring In Bilinguals, Renee Michelle Penalver
Source Monitoring In Bilinguals, Renee Michelle Penalver
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Source memory is memory for the context in which a particular target item is learned (Parker, 1995). The source-monitoring framework is the leading model of source memory (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993). It remains unknown at what level context-to-word associations are made (e.g., at the word form level or conceptual level). Three experiments examined the effects of word frequency and language proficiency on source memory, with each experiment addressing one of the different types of source monitoring identified in this framework. In Experiment 1, we examined how language proficiency and word frequency affect external source discrimination. Participants had to discriminate …
Machiavellianism And Endorsement Of Appeal Type: An Examination Of Organization Recruitment, Steven M. Mueller
Machiavellianism And Endorsement Of Appeal Type: An Examination Of Organization Recruitment, Steven M. Mueller
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Machiavellianism is characterized by a cynical worldview, a relativistic ethical orientation, and a willingness to manipulate others. Because those higher in Machiavellianism are successful at obtaining positions of power, research is needed to better understand the ways these individuals influence others' attention and behavior. This study examined the effect of Machiavellianism and related personalities narcissism and psychopathy on appeal type preference (guilt-based, ego-promoted, or neutral). In this study, Machiavellianism was not associated with appeal type preference. Those higher in psychopathy, however, were more likely to endorse guilt-based persuasiveness. Further, those higher in narcissism reported positive attitudes toward the recruitment statement. …
Mimicry Deception Theory Applied To Grooming Behaviors Of Child Sexual Abuse, Melissa De Roos De Roos
Mimicry Deception Theory Applied To Grooming Behaviors Of Child Sexual Abuse, Melissa De Roos De Roos
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Mimicry Deception Theory (MDT) is a theoretical framework used to analyze deception in terms of long- vs. short-term strategies employed by the deceiver. Grooming behaviors used by sex offenders to access child victims and to prolong the abuse while minimizing detection are a specific form of deception. We conducted two studies, coding 121 and 164 court reports of sex abuse appeal cases with child victims. Grooming that was more complex in nature was associated with abuse that lasted longer and was more difficult to detect. Further, victim vulnerabilities contributed to a sense of confusion in the victim, and a decreased …
Financial Decision-Making And The Normalization Of Deviance, Dilata Ranadive
Financial Decision-Making And The Normalization Of Deviance, Dilata Ranadive
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Two perspectives have dominated the discourse on the causes of the financial crisis of 2008. The first attributes the financial crisis to intentionally malevolent behaviors, whereas the second attributes it to the natural market fluctuations. However, there is still a third, possible perspective. While the first two perspectives focus on the intention of the actors, the third perspective focuses on the response of the observers. This is what Vaughan (1996) refers to as "normalization of deviance". In normalization of deviance actions or decisions that are initially regarded as aberrant or atypical are re-conceptualized and adopted as the new criterion. The …
Re-Specifying The Sacred Values Scale, Adon Lee Neria
Re-Specifying The Sacred Values Scale, Adon Lee Neria
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
An object or value becomes sacred when a person feels compelled to protect and admire it. When a person holds a Sacred Value (SV) they are less likely to accept compromises, or "taboo tradeoffs," to that value and will behave less rationally to protect it from perceived slights. Though research on SV has replicated well, there has yet to be a popularized scale measuring it. A previous attempt at developing a multidimensional scale for measuring the degree to which a person holds any value as sacred was made that resulted in a 15-item measure. Though this version demonstrated good predictive …
Cross-Validation Of The El Paso Risk Assessment Of Juveniles At Intake Scale (El Paso Raji), Dilata Ranadive
Cross-Validation Of The El Paso Risk Assessment Of Juveniles At Intake Scale (El Paso Raji), Dilata Ranadive
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
No published risk assessment instrument is designed for the specific purpose of identifying high risk first-time juvenile offenders at their first contact with the juvenile justice system. The El Paso Risk Assessment of Juveniles at Intake (El Paso RAJI) was developed by Valenzuela (2011) for this purpose. The current study had three aims: i) to assess the validity of the RAJI as a predictor of recidivism among first-time juvenile offenders, ii) to compare the predictive power of RAJI items with the predictive power of similar items from another risk assessment instrument, the Pre-Positive Achievement Change Tool (PrePACT), and iii) to …
Between-Language Repetition Priming In Antonym Generation: Examining Conceptual Encoding And Representation Of Adjectives, Randy Steven Taylor
Between-Language Repetition Priming In Antonym Generation: Examining Conceptual Encoding And Representation Of Adjectives, Randy Steven Taylor
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Previous research has shown repetition priming effects between languages, suggesting that a bilingual's two languages share conceptual representation. However these studies have been conducted mainly utilizing concrete nouns as stimuli. In the present study, it was hypothesized that adjectives would produce significant between-language repetition priming. The experiment utilized a 4 (encoding task) X 2 (test language) within-subjects design in which participants (N = 64) encoded words in read only, translation English to Spanish and translation Spanish to English conditions and at test performed an antonym generation task in either Spanish or English. The results revealed that participants were significantly faster …
The Influence Of Case-Specific Expert Testimony On Juror Sensitivity To Confession Evidence, Skye Alani Woestehoff
The Influence Of Case-Specific Expert Testimony On Juror Sensitivity To Confession Evidence, Skye Alani Woestehoff
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Research on the effect of expert testimony has resulted in incongruent findings. Expert testimony has been shown to lead to sensitivity, by educating participants about the evidence and facilitating the application of this knowledge, and skepticism, by causing jurors to distrust the evidence regardless of its quality. The current study explored the role of expert testimony in improving participants' evaluation of confession evidence. Data were collected from 352 students and 281 community members. Participants read a trial transcript that included a low-pressure, medium-pressure, or high-pressure interrogation. Participants also read expert testimony that was general, case-specific, or no testimony at all. …
Eyewitness Memory In Adults, Carlos Manuel Vargas
Eyewitness Memory In Adults, Carlos Manuel Vargas
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study encompasses the areas of eyewitness misidentifications and eyewitness suggestibility by developing a Video Suggestibility and Eyewitness Identification Scale for adults. Two hundred one college students were recruited to test this novel psychometric scale following procedures loosely based on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales. The two main subscales proposed are labeled True, which measures non-leading questions answered correctly, and Yield, which measures questions endorsed based on misinformation; two lineup identification subscales were also analyzed for exploration. Reliability estimates showed acceptable internal consistency of True and Yield subscales after negative feedback was provided; while reliability in Target Present Lineups increased and …