Developmental Psychology Commons^™

Gender And Theory Of Mind In Preschoolers’ Group Effort: Evidence For Timing Differences Behind Children’S Earliest Social Loafing, Robert Thompson, Bill Thornton

Bill Thornton

This study explored mental state reasoning within the context of group effort and possible differences in development between boys and girls. Preschool children (59 girls, 47 boys) were assessed for theory of mind (ToM) ability using classic false belief tests. Children participated in group effort conditions that alternated from one condition, where individual effort was transparent and obvious, to one where individual effort remained anonymous. The aim was to investigate if emergent mental state reasoning, after controlling for age, was associated with the well-known phenomenon of reduced effort in group tasks (“social loafing”). Girls had slightly higher ToM scores and …

Variation In The Profile Of Anxiety Disorders In Boys With An Asd According To Method And Source Of Assessment, Vicki Bitsika, Christopher Sharpley

Vicki Bitsika

To determine any variation that might occur due to the type of assessment and source used to assess them, the prevalence of 7 anxiety disorders were investigated in a sample of 140 boys with an Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 50 non-ASD (NASD) boys via the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory and the KIDSCID Clinical Interview. Boys with an ASD were significantly more anxious than their NASD peers. Data collected from the boys with an ASD themselves showed differences in the severity and diagnostic criterion of anxiety disorders to data collected from the boys’ parents. There were age-related variations to …

Trial By Trial Data, Rebecca A. Lundwall

Rebecca A Lundwall

No abstract provided.

Aggregated Data, Rebecca A. Lundwall

Rebecca A Lundwall

No abstract provided.

The Initiation Of Heroism Science, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

In this article I describe the emergent field of heroism science. I identify several markers of its emergence and offer reasons why the science is now coalescing into an established and autonomous field of inquiry. Moreover, I discuss the importance of maintaining a dynamic symbiotic relationship between the scientific and activist wings of the heroism movement. The aims and scope of heroism science are discussed, and reasons are offered for producing a science that is inclusive, transdisciplinary, and risk-taking. I examine all these issues within the metaphorical framework of initiation.

Assessing Differences In Emotion Recognition And Short Term Memory For Young Old, Middle Old And Older Adults, Richard Hicks, Victoria Alexander, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

Recently, age related cognitive decline has become an area of interest due to the maturing population. Research has identified that emotion recognition is likely to be affected by age related decline. It has also been suggested that memory subsystems may be responsible for decline. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether age related decline in emotion recognition could be accounted for by short term memory or visual memory. This study also expands on the aging literature as there is a paucity of research that compares aging across three age cohorts, as well as using relatively “young” participants. …

Constructing A Valid Psychometric Tool: The Adolescent Depression Scale, Mona Taouk, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

In order to assess the impact of depression on adolescents and to achieve adequate domain coverage of the construct of depression, The Adolescent Depression Scale (TADS) was created as a screening measure of adolescent depression. The previous presentation and paper on the TADS, delivered at the 7th ACPID, detailed a number of the initial statistical results; however this presentation will explore the main methodological considerations in creating a valid and reliable assessment instrument. There are a number of guidelines to consider when creating a psychometric tool, and test construction can be viewed as being comprised of a number of individual …

Development Of A New Measure Of Adolescent Depression, Mona Taouk, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

A new scale to measure adolescent depression was developed by reviewing literature of adolescent depression, and an examination of existing depression instruments for both adults and adolescents. The Taouk Adolescent Depression Scale (TADS) was constructed as a multidimensional measure of depression, evaluated using a sample of 263 undergraduate and secondary school students (70 males, 193 females) aged between 12 and 21 years (M=15.53, SD=2.35). Four reliable factors comparable to those identified in previous research were obtained from an obliquely rotated principal axis factoring extraction, resulting in a final 20 item instrument with five items per domain, illustrating construct validity. The …

Age-Related Differences In Mental Categorisation And Recognition For Schematic Faces, James Champion, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

The nature of the processes underlying the categorisation of perceptual experiences in long term memory (LTM) has been hotly debated in the research literature. The prototype account of mental categorisation purports that a mental abstraction, or prototype, is formed for each mental category stored in LTM. Exemplar theories, in contrast, postulate that mental categories are represented by instances stored in LTM, and that recognition is therefore dependent on the degree of similarity between the encountered stimulus and representations of experienced exemplars, not an abstracted prototype. Recent studies have suggested the presence of age-related differences in the categorisation of visual stimuli, …

Maternal Mental Health And Child Health And Nutrition, Karen Mccurdy, Kathleen Gorman, Tiffani Kisler, Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras

Karen McCurdy

No abstract provided.

Family Food Environment And Child Overweight In Low-Income Families, Karen Mccurdy, Tiffani Kisler, Kathleen Gorman, Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras

Karen McCurdy

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Maternal Depression And Child Nutritional Outcomes In Low Income Families, Karen Mccurdy, Kathleen Gorman, Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras, Tiffani Kisler

Karen McCurdy

No abstract provided.

The Attachment And Clinical Issues Questionnaire (Aciq): A New Methodology For Science And Practice In Criminology And Forensics, Marc Lindberg

Marc A. Lindberg Ph.D.

Most modern theories suggest that interpersonal relationships are of central importance in the development of criminal behavior. We tested the parent attachment scales of a new research and clinical measure, the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ;Lindberg & Thomas, 2011). It is a 29 scale battery assessing attachments to mother, father, partner, and peers, which also includes several related clinical scales. Sixty-one males (18-20 years of age) from a maximum security detention center and 131 contrasts completed the ACIQ. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that mother and father attachments displayed different patterns. The attachment scales also predicted the numbers of …

It Works Both Ways: Transfer Difficulties Between Manipulatives And Written Subtraction Solutions, Linda Hand

Linda Liu Hand

Three experiments compared performance and transfer among children aged 83-94 months after written or manipulatives instruction on two-digit subtraction. In Experiment 1a, children learned with manipulatives or with traditional written numerals. All children then completed a written posttest. Experiment 1b investigated whether salient or perceptually attractive manipulatives affected transfer. Experiment 2 investigated whether instruction with writing would transfer to a manipulatives-based posttest. Children demonstrated performance gains when the posttest format was identical to the instructed format, but failed to demonstrate transfer from the instructed format to an incongruent posttest. The results indicate that the problem in transferring from manipulatives instruction …

Staying Systemic: The Example Of Separation, Divorce And Remarriage, Tiffani Kisler

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Self-Report Diaries To Monitor Technology Use After Sleep Onset: Issues And Future Directions, Sue Adams, J. Bronstein, Tiffani Kisler, J. Daly, A. Johnston, A. Gencarelli

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Family Food Environment And Child Overweight In Low-Income Families, Karen Mccurdy, Tiffani Kisler, Kathleen Gorman, Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

The Uri Multicultural Dialogue Project, Tiffani Kisler, Jacqueline Sparks

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Daytime Impairment Due To College Students' Technology Use During Sleep: Similarities To Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Sue Adams, Tiffani Kisler, J. Daly, E. Lemus, A. Fiore, K. Vani, A. Johnston, A. Gencarelli, J. Bronstein

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Sexual Health In The Digital Age: Emerging Issues For Youth And Young Adults Of The Net Generation, Tiffani Kisler

Tiffani S. Kisler

Keynote address at the Rhode Island Conference on Youth, Sexual Health, and Social Media, held in June 2012 at Roger Williams Conference Center, Bristol, RI.

Maternal Mental Health And Child Health And Nutrition, Karen Mccurdy, Kathleen Gorman, Tiffani Kisler, Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Harnessing Creativity From Diversity: A Multiple Level Model, J. Han, Si-Qing Peng, Chi-Yue Chiu, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Technology Use In Youth And Young Adults: Developmental And Clinical Implications, Tiffani Kisler, Sue Adams, J. Daly

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of Volunteer-Student Relationship Trajectories Within School-Based Youth Mentoring Programs, Julia Pryce

Julia Pryce

Working With Families To Support Better Health Care Outcomes, Tiffani Kisler, Sue Adams, P. Block

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Brief Report: Need For Autonomy And Other Perceived Barriers Relating To Adolescents’ Intentions To Seek Professional Mental Health Care., Coralie J. Wilson, Frank P. Deane

Coralie J Wilson

The current study examined the relationship between belief-based barriers to seeking professional mental health care and help-seeking intentions in a sample of 1037 adolescents. From early adolescence to adulthood, for males and females, the need for autonomy was a strong barrier to seeking professional mental health care. Help-seeking fears were weaker in the older age groups. Having lower perceived need for autonomy and believing that prior mental health care was helpful was significantly associated with higher intentions to seek future professional mental health care. Implications for prevention and overcoming barriers to seeking mental health care are suggested.

Sexting & Texting & Posting, Oh My! Technology Use And Health In The Net Generation, Tiffani Kisler, Sue Adams, J. Daly

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Couples Therapy Series: Helping Couples Uncover Their Sexual Potential, Tiffani Kisler, Mason, S. Dennewitz

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Am I Normal? Challenging The Promotion Of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery, Tiffani Kisler

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Just Talk: Moving Dialogue That Values And Responds To Diverse Opinions, Jacqueline Sparks, Tiffani Kisler

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.