Psychology Commons^™

Bullying And Victimization Among Children Raised By Grandparents, Oliver W. Edwards

GrandFamilies: The Contemporary Journal of Research, Practice and Policy

Increasing numbers of school-age children are being raised by their grandparents. Yet, a dearth of research investigates the children in these families. The few studies suggest the children experience higher levels of academic, behavioral, and emotional difficulties than their peers. These behaviors are often associated with involvement in bullying, but no empirical research investigates bullying among children raised by their grandparents. This current study helps to fill the noted lack of research in this area and the gap in the literature by investigating the intersection of these two important phenomena – bullying and children raised by their grandparents. This study …

Relations Among Gender-Typical And Gender-Atypical Uses Of Aggression, Popularity, And Depression, Melissa Murphy

Kaleidoscope

The purpose of this study was to investigate how types of bullying engaged in by high school students (relational, physical, or verbal aggression) vary with gender and how they may be related to a student’s social status. Children in the ninth grade, from four different Kentucky high schools, were administered various measures as part of a larger study on social development in their own classroom. Measures used in our analysis included a bully and victim self-reported narrative, Bullying Questions and Belonging Questionnaire, and a Peer Nomination Scale. Results indicated that females used more relational aggression than males, and males used …

“In A Competition Full Of Hamburgers, You’Re A Steak:” American Idol And The Role Of Reality Television In The Maintenance Of Our Egos, Kathryn L. Braun

Kaleidoscope

Over the past decade, reality shows have ascended to the top of the Nielsen rating charts and have assumed a dominance that is difficult to cast aside. One such reality show, American Idol has grown in popularity over its last six seasons. This chapter discusses one of the main arguments of a larger honors thesis that examines the underlying motives that keep American viewers watching. As a cultural commodity, American Idol can be viewed as a product of American values and holds a societal purpose for its viewers. Therefore, the arguments within this chapter propose that the great popularity enjoyed …

Assessing And Predicting The Financial Capacity And Financial Literacy Of College Students, Cody Solesbee

Modern Psychological Studies

This experiment evaluated the relationship between financial capacity, financial literacy, and their supposed predictors. The purpose of this study was to find the best overall predictor of financial capacity and financial literacy, while examining relationships among multiple variables. A neuropsychological battery consisting of eight measures was administered to a sample of 22 males and 28 females, all undergraduates at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Additionally, all participants were Psychology majors. Poor performance by the sample was noted on financial based measures. Estimated IQ, established by the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading, was found in positive correlation with scores …

The Effect Of Audio Recordings And Photographs Of Autistic And Typical Children On Social Judgments, Lauren Ulander, Ingrid Farreras

Modern Psychological Studies

In a counterbalanced, 2x2 mixed factorial design, 61 randomly assigned participants rated two audio recordings and two photographs of autistic or typical children. The hypothesis was that participants would judge autistic children most negatively when listening to audio recordings of them, but that they would judge photographs of autistic and typical children similarly. The two-way mixed ANOVA found a statistically significant main effect for the autistic versus typical child, but no statistically significant main effect for type of medium (recording vs. picture) nor interaction effect. This points to autistic children being judged more negatively in comparison to their typical peers, …

Fitting The Mold: Alcohol Use And Body Image Disturbances In Athletes And Greek-Affiliated Undergraduates, Britany Miley, Holly Mccartney Chalk

Modern Psychological Studies

The present study examined alcohol consumption and body image satisfaction in relation to student affiliation with varsity athletics and Greek organizations. Binge drinking, defined as the consumption of six or more drinks on one occasion, was also assessed. Results indicated that varsity athletes and Greek-affiliated students consumed alcohol more frequently and reported more binge drinking episodes compared to non-affiliated students. Additionally, students identifying with both at-risk groups (Greek-Athletes) were associated with the highest reported rates of binge drinking episodes. Greek-Athletes also yielded significantly lower body image satisfaction compared to all other participants. Findings suggest that counselors should aim prevention efforts …

The Relationship Between Individual Differences In Rumination, Distractibility, And Depression, David Y. Suh, Deanna M. Barch

Modern Psychological Studies

According to the response styles theory, rumination and distraction are two different ways to respond to a negative stimulus. Previous studies on the relationship between rumination and distraction and their effect on depression have focused mainly on the active use of these response styles. In the present study, we examined how the natural tendency to be distractible was related to rumination or depression. Participants were asked to answer questionnaires to rumination, distractibility, and depression, and to perform an attention task. Self-reported level of rumination, depression, and distractibility all had a positive correlation with each other. However, task performance indexed by …

Locke, Judgment, And Figure: A Consistent Answer To The Molyneux Problem, Jamale Nagi

Anthós

John Locke has been famously credited with resurrecting the distinction between common and proper sensibles, better known in the Essay as primary and secondary qualities. Although some argue that Locke’s adherence to the doctrine of the common sensibles is in conflict with his empiricist sensibilities, I will show this is not likely to be the case. In order to achieve this I will argue that Locke held there to be cross-modal connections in the mind for the representational content of ideas of primary quality, through the relation of resemblance, but that these representations need to be empirically verified to …

Love Is A Battlefield: Experience Of Love In Relation To Depression, Laura Hill, Cherisse Flanagan

Modern Psychological Studies

Depression is a debilitating mental illness that entails much more than just sadness. In an attempt to discover if there is a relationship between experience of love and depression, a survey was created to assess these variables. The survey included the Experience of Love Questionnaire (ELQ), an author-developed scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (Radloffi 1977). The ELQ consisted of three subscales measuring experience of love in family, friends, and romantic relationships. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be a negative correlation between experience of love and depression. The survey was completed by 103 …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Cause-Related Marketing And Motivation On Consumer Perceptions, Gina Mccoy, Randall A. Renstrom

Modern Psychological Studies

The present experiment investigated the relationship between motivational style (intrinsic and extrinsic) and cause-related marketing (CRM) on product perceptions. CRM pairs the sale of products with a donation to a specific charitable cause. It was predicted that consumers will have more positive perceptions of products sold through CRM campaigns, be more likely to buy such products paired with CRM, and express more positive attitudes toward companies using CRM. Furthermore, it was predicted that motivational style may impact those attitudes, with intrinsically-motivated individuals showing a greater affinity toward a product when it is paired with a CRM campaign. Overall, results largely …

Perpetration Experience And Gender Predicting Empathy With A Stranger Or Acquaintance Rapist, Ruby L. Orth, Suzanne L. Osman

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined empathy with a hypothetical rapist based on experimentally varied type of rape (stranger; acquaintance), participant perpetration experience, and gender. Undergraduate students (115 male, 206 female) completed the Rape Perpetrator Empathy-During Subscale and Sexual Experiences Survey. Hypotheses were partially supported. Sexual perpetrators (of acquaintances) reported greater empathy than nonperpetrators, and men reported greater empathy than women. Type of rape was not significant. Findings support past research, but more data from rapists is needed.

Microexpression Detection In Undergraduate Students, Cameron R. Howell, Rebecca E. Hughes

Modern Psychological Studies

Microexpressions, facial expressions lasting for less than half a second, are a common but unnoticed occurrence. The accuracy of microexpression detection, and college major choice, have both been linked with personality. This led to the hypothesis that different majors should have different levels of accuracy in detection. A convenience sample of 121 undergraduate students, of different majors, was given a short survey about microexpression detection. 10 frontal headshots, portraying examples of 7 different microexpressions, were shown on a screen. Participants were asked to identO, the expressions by choosing from a provided list on the survey. There was no statistical significance …

Auditory Startle Response Predicts Introversion: An Individual Analysis, Kirby M. Jaeger, Austin H. Cox, David Philip Arthur Craig, James W. Grice

Modern Psychological Studies

We assessed a possible link between the Introversion/Extraversion spectrum and sensori-motor gating and predicted self-reported introverts would have more sensitive sensori-motor gating pathways than extraverts at the individual subject level. 28 subjects self-identified as introverts or extraverts; individuals that self-identified as both introverted and extraverted were classified as "ambiverts". Participants'orbicularis oculus muscles were electromyographically measured while abrupt auditory stimuli ranging from 50 to 100 decibels were played over headphones. As predicted, introverts exhibited greater electromyographical frequencies and magnitudes of response to stimuli at almost all levels of stimulus intensity. These results indicate introverts tend to be more sensitive, on a …

Synesthesia And Memory: An Exploratory Analysis, Caleb Robinson

Modern Psychological Studies

Few studies have measured how the memory of individuals with synesthesia, a perceptual phenomenon in which a stimulus triggers a separate sensory experience, is affected because of their novel perceptual experiences. The studies that have examined synesthesia and enhanced memory have been inconclusive, as some have found those with synesthesia exhibit superior memory capabilities, while other studies have not. This study sought to replicate previous studies that have found effects of color congruency. The participant M.P., a female with grapheme-color synesthesia, was given lists of words that were either congruent to her synesthetic experience, random colors, or words in black …

How Social Activity Affects Exercise In A Rat Model Of Depression Proneness, Jacqueline Rojas

Modern Psychological Studies

With depression rising worldwide, finding effective, affordable relief is a pressing global public health need. Social activity and physical activity both function as natural depression remedies, but depression can interfere with these activities. This study explores whether an increase in social activity can simultaneously increase voluntary exercise. If so, a single remedy could potentially yield two benefits. Rats were singly or paired housed to model social activity, and voluntary wheel running was measured. Depression proneness was modeled with Occidental Low-Saccharin- Consuming (LoS) rats; relative to high-saccharin-consuming (HiS) rats, LoS rats are more anxious and vulnerable to stress, both of which …

Comparing Outcomes From An Online Substance Abuse Treatment Program And Residential Treatment Programs For Consumers Who Are Deaf: A Pilot Study, Josphine Wilson Ph.D., Deb Guthmann Ed.D., Jared Embree, Susan Fraker

JADARA

Numerous barriers exist when attempting to provide culturally appropriate substance use disorder (SUD) treatment to persons who are Deaf, including a lack of accessible community-based treatment providers. To address these barriers, the Deaf Off Drugs and Alcohol (DODA) Program has provided culturally and linguistically appropriate cessation and recovery support services via a telemedicine program to Deaf individuals who are clinically diagnosed with a SUD. This study was conducted to assess whether an online SUD treatment program, such as DODA, is an effective way to serve the Deaf population, which is underserved due to communication and other cultural barriers. DODA’s effectiveness …

Book Review: Cfp Board Financial Planning Competency Handbook, Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar

Journal of Financial Therapy

The CFP Board Financial Planning Competency Handbook (2013) is reviewed as a resource that extends beyond financial planning to other helping professionals who work with money related issues.

Practitioner Profile: An Interview With Andrea Vining, Andrea Vining

Journal of Financial Therapy

Andrea Vining is a Financial Advisor at Morgan Stanley in Pasadena, California who was named to the Firm’s Pacesetter’s Club in 2015, a global recognition program for Financial Advisors who, within their first five years, demonstrate the highest professional standards and first class client service. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Literature from the University of California at Santa Cruz and her interest in the arts is personal and life-long. She studied Jewelry Design & Fabrication at the Gemological Institute of America in Carlsbad, CA and is also a certified bench jeweler. She and her colleagues are passionate …

Researcher Profile: An Interview With Axton Betz-Hamilton, Axton Betz-Hamilton

Journal of Financial Therapy

Dr. Axton Betz-Hamilton teaches consumer studies courses at Eastern Illinois University, including Personal and Family Finance, Housing, and Consumer Issues. She conducts research on identity theft as well as financial abuse within families.

The Theory Of Planned Behavior And The Earned Income Tax Credit, Lloyd Zimmerman, Anthony Canale, Sonya L. Britt, Martin Seay

Journal of Financial Therapy

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) seeks to reduce poverty and provide the resources necessary for an individual to become self-sufficient. The EITC achieves this annually by lifting millions of households above the poverty level through income supplementation. However, recent evidence suggests that the long-term upward economic mobility provided by the EITC in practice is limited. To investigate the factors associated with achieving this financial independence, this study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to determine if (a) attitudes—as measured by time preference and self-esteem, (b) subjective norms—as measured by education, parents’ poverty level or work status, and religiosity, and/or …

Three Interventions For Financial Therapy: Fostering An Examination Of Financial Behaviors And Beliefs, Rebekah J. Nelson, Thomas E. Smith, Victoria M. Shelton, Kristin V. Richards

Journal of Financial Therapy

Three interventions that address the emotional components of handling finances are proposed. Drawn from a stepwise model of financial therapy, the three interventions introduced here have the specific aim of incorporating the emotional attributes of traditional financial behaviors and beliefs. First, the Financial Genogram identifies family of origin issues that may affect financial behaviors; second, the Financial Landscape intervention is used when emotional stress occurs in collecting and examining financial documents; and third, the Financial Mirror broadens clients’ perspectives of their financial behaviors. Issues in future research and implementation of the Five Step model are addressed in treating financially distressed …

The Financial Health Of Mental Health Professionals, Sonya L. Britt, Bradley Klontz, Racquel Tibbetts, Linda Leitz

Journal of Financial Therapy

Recent research has suggested that mental health professionals may be at greater risk of endorsing money scripts associated with lower income, lower net worth, and problematic financial behaviors. This study more closely examined the financial health of mental health professionals using the Klontz-Britt Financial Health Scale (FHS). Data was collected from 264 individuals recruited through financial seminars given by the researchers and through social media. Results indicated that when compared to other occupations, mental health professionals report significantly lower levels of financial health. Regardless of occupation, money status and money worship scripts were associated with lower levels of financial health, …

Solution Focused Financial Therapy: A Brief Report Of A Pilot Study, Kristy L. Archuleta, Emily A. Burr, Mary Bell Carlson, Jurdene Ingram, Laura Irwin Kruger, John Grable, Megan Ford

Journal of Financial Therapy

The financial counseling, financial planning, and financial therapy fields are hampered by a conceptual and empirical paucity of clinical and experimental evidence-based research. In an attempt to decrease this gap in the literature, a pilot study was developed to test the implementation of a solution-focused financial therapy client intervention approach, in which solution-focused therapy techniques were applied in a financial counseling setting. This paper reports findings from a clinical intervention study of college students (N = 8) who presented a variety of financial issues related to budgeting, investing, and debt repayment problems. Data were gathered prior to the start of …

Editorial Volume 6, Issue 1, Martie Gillen

Journal of Financial Therapy

The editorial introduces Dr. Martie Gillen as the associate editor of book reviews and professional profiles for the Journal of Financial Therapy. The editorial overviews the empirical research and theoretical oriented manuscripts along with the professional profiles and book reviews featured in volume 6, issue 1 of the Journal of Financial Therapy.

Dualism And Doctrine, Dov Fox, Alex Stein

Indiana Law Journal

What kinds of harm among those that tortfeasors inflict are worthy of compensation? Which forms of self-incriminating evidence are privileged against government compulsion? What sorts of facts constitute a criminal defendant’s intent? Existing doctrine pins the answer to all of these questions on whether the injury, facts, or evidence at stake are “mental” or “physical.” The assumption that operations of the mind are meaningfully distinct from those of the body animates fundamental rules in our law.

A tort victim cannot recover for mental harm on its own because the law presumes that he is able to unfeel any suffering arising …

Modeling Bmi, Dietary Habits, And Physical Activity Among Ethnically Diverse Urban College Students, Hollie Jones, Nicholas Freudenberg, Lorraine Mongiello

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objectives The objective of this research study was to examine the relationship between BMI, physical activity, dietary habits, and student demographic factors (age, ethnicity, income, immigration, and sex). Given the association between overweight and obesity and the inequitable burden of chronic health conditions among ethnic minority populations, a deeper understanding of the socioeconomic, gender, age, and racial/ethnic variation in BMI, physical activity, and dietary habits is needed. The shifting demographics of urban college populations make urban college campuses an important setting for addressing the lifetime health needs of ethnically diverse urban populations.

Methods In this cross-sectional non-experimental study, we used …

Cognitive Features Of Self-Stigmatization Among Juvenile Delinquents, Artyom A. Zinchenko, Mamun Al-Amin, Elena Molchanova

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The present study investigates cognitive features of stigmatization phenomenon among juvenile delinquents in Kyrgyzstan. It attempts to describe certain peculiarities of juvenile delinquents’ self-schemas and self-stigmatization. The study, additionally, tackles the issue of currently existing stigmas regarding juvenile delinquency in the country. One hundred and fifty four university students were asked to complete a questionnaire that would measure the level of external stigmatization towards juvenile delinquents and those who were once placed into correctional institution. Students showed presence of stigmatization towards people with a criminal record. Fifteen juveniles from the detention school who attended a socio-psychological training as well as …

Aging And Pattern Separation, Nathan Giles, Dr. C. Brock Kirwan

Journal of Undergraduate Research

It is widely known that as we age, our cognitive functions start to decrease, especially when it comes to memory. Memory in the human brain has major processes in the medial temporal lobe, specifically the hippocampus. It is widely accepted that in older adults, the areas in the medial temporal lobe start to atrophy and this decrease in brain tissue volume is what leads to difficulty in memory (Van Petten, 2004). Further, as we age the rate of new neuron growth (termed neurogenesis) in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus slows down (Small, 2001). Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus …

Cortisol Profiles As Bio-Markers Of Extreme Temperaments, Claudia Rasmuseen, Dr. James Dee Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Temperament is defined as a variation between individuals’ affective-motivational reactivity and self-regulation (Rothbart & Bates, 1998; Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981; Rettew &McKee, 2005). Temperament can be measured as early as birth and has been found to remain relatively stable across the lifespan (Goldsmith, 1987; Lansade, Bouissou & Erhard, 2008;Chronis-Tuscano, et.al, 2009). Although most temperaments used to be grouped into reactivity and self-regulation, new temperament taxonomies have been found to belong to two higher order dimensions: degree of sensitivity to signals of punishment and a propensity to experience negative emotions (Rettew & McKee, 2005). The variety in taxonomies extends to non-human …