Psychology Commons^™

"What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger": Survivalist Self-Reliance As Resilience And Risk Among Young Adults Aging Out Of Foster Care, Julia Pryce

Julia Pryce

Brain Bases Of Individual Differences In Cognition, Chantel Prat, Marcel Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

A Decrease In Brain Activation Associated With Driving When Listening To Someone Speak, Marcel Just, Timothy Keller, Jacquelyn Cynkar

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

The Structural Alignment And Comparison Of Events In Verb Acquisition, Jane Childers

Jane Childers

No abstract provided.

Self-Management For High-Functioning Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Lee Wilkinson

Lee A Wilkinson, PhD

Supporting children with autism spectrum disorders in the general education classroom presents a unique challenge to the teachers and schools that serve them. This article addresses the utility of self-management as a proactive strategy for increasing the task engagement and compliant behavior of high-functioning students with autism. The author discusses the rationale for self-management, outlines the steps for developing an intervention plan, and presents a case vignette to illustrate implementation of a self-management procedure.

Interest In Politics, Cigdem Sirin

Cigdem V. Sirin

No abstract provided.

Out-Of-Body Image, Caroline Heldman

Caroline Heldman

On a typical day, you might see ads featuring a naked woman's body tempting viewers to buy an electronic organizer, partially exposed women's breasts being used to sell fishing line, or a woman's rear-wearing only a thong-being used to pitch a new running shoe. [...] Dove beauty products launched a much-lauded advertising campaign that used "real women" (i.e., not super-skinny ones) instead of models, but then Dove's parent company, Unilever, put out hypersexual ads for Axe men's body spray that showed the fragrance driving scantily clad women into orgiastic states.

The Insanity Trial Of Hamlet: A Teaching Activity, Elizabeth Swenson

Elizabeth V. Swenson

The most popular activities from APA's successful Activities Handbooks for the Teaching of Psychology are gathered together and updated in this book of teachers' favorites. The lesson plans, which encourage active learning and involve the whole class, have stood the test of time and proven themselves to be entertaining, effective, and easy to plan. Contributed by psychology teachers nationwide, the activities are most appropriate for courses at the college undergraduate or high school level, yet many are also applicable to more advanced classes. Both beginner and experienced teachers will appreciate the wide variety of teaching techniques described, including demonstrations, experiments, …

It’S The Nature Of Work: Examining Behavior-Based Sources Of Work- Family Conflict Across Occupations., Erich Dierdorff, Kemp Ellington

Erich C. Dierdorff

The consequences of work–family conflict for both individuals and organizations have been well documented, and the various sources of such conflict have received substantial attention. However, the vast majority of extant research has focused on only time- and strain-based sources, largely neglecting behavior-based sources. Integrating two nationally representative databases, the authors examine 3 behavior-based antecedents of work–family conflict linked specifically to occupational work role requirements (interdependence, responsibility for others, and interpersonal conflict). Results from multilevel analysis indicate that significant variance in work–family conflict is attributable to the occupation in which someone works. Interdependence and responsibility for others predict work–family conflict, …

Fmri Investigation Of Working Memory For Faces In Autism: Visual Coding And Underconnectivity With Frontal Areas, Hideya Koshino, Rajesh Kana, Timothy Keller, Vladimir Cherkassky, Nancy Minshew, Marcel Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

The Confronting Prejudiced Responses (Cpr) Model: "Cpr" For Hispanic Professionals, Leslie Ashburn-Nardo, Kathryn Morris, Stephanie Goowin

Kathryn A. Morris

Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States, comprising over 15% of the total population (Pew Hispanic Center, 2007). Perhaps not surprisingly, along with their growing numbers come frequent experiences with ethnic harassment in the workplace. Specifically, Hispanic employees are often the targets of derogatory comments and jokes about their ethnicity, and the more they experience such verbal harassment, the lower their life satisfaction, even after controlling for dispositional negative affect (Schneider, Hitlan, & Radhakrishnan, 2000). Given today's unstable economy, such intergroup conflict is likely to escalate (see LeVine & Campbell, 1972), underscoring the need for employers to …

If You Pay For Skills, Will They Learn? Skill Change And Maintenance Under A Skill-Based Pay System., Erich Dierdorff, Eric Surface

Erich C. Dierdorff

Although the use of skill-based pay has increased in popularity, empirical investigations of the effectiveness of this compensation strategy have been scarce. The fundamental premise of skill-based pay is that contingent monetary reward will promote individual learning. The authors empirically examine this essential principle with data spanning 5 years, using latent growth analysis. Results demonstrate that skill-based pay is related to individual skill change and maintenance. Whether or not individuals earn skill-based pay on their initial attempt is associated with subsequent rates of learning. In addition, the frequency with which skill-based pay is received and the total amount earned are …

Decomposition Of Repetition Priming Components In Picture Naming, Wendy Francis, Nuvia Corral, Mary Jones, Silvia Sáenz

Wendy S. Francis

Cognitive mechanisms underlying repetition priming in picture naming were decomposed in several experiments. Sets of encoding manipulations meant to selectively prime or reduce priming in object identification or word production components of picture naming were combined factorially, in order to dissociate processes underlying priming in picture naming. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were conducted with Spanish-English bilingual participants and bilingual materials. Experiments 4, 5A, and 5B were single-language experiments in English and Spanish. A simple process model was used to formalize the theoretical predictions and test them across all experiments simultaneously. Object identification and word production processes were selectively influenced …

Assessing Training Needs: Do Work Experience And Capability Matter?, Erich Dierdorff, Eric Surface

Erich C. Dierdorff

Despite the crucial nature of needs assessment in training design and development, very little empirical work examining factors that influence such ratings has been undertaken. We investigated the impact of individuals’ levels of work experience, self-efficacy, and skill proficiency on their subsequent ratings of training needs. Our results indicate that self-efficacy and skill proficiency are positively related to importance and frequency ratings for both skills and job tasks. However, when considered collectively, skill proficiency was a more potent influence, suggesting that an individual’s actual capability may have a greater impact on ratings of training needs than his or her perceived …

Marital Status And Voting Behavior, Cigdem Sirin

Cigdem V. Sirin

No abstract provided.

Estimating Output Gap For Pakistan Economy: Structural And Statistical Approaches, Safdar Khan

Safdar Khan

No abstract provided.

The Creative Task Creator: A Tool For The Generation Of Customized, Web-Based Creativity Tasks, Jean Pretz, John Link

Jean E Pretz

This article presents a Web-based tool for the creation of divergent-thinking and open-ended creativity tasks. A Java program generates HTML forms with PHP scripting that run an Alternate Uses Task and/or open-ended response items. Researchers may specify their own instructions, objects, and time limits, or use default settings. Participants can also be prompted to select their best responses to the Alternate Uses Task (Silvia et al., 2008). Minimal programming knowledge is required. The program runs on any server, and responses are recorded in a standard MySQL database. Responses can be scored using the consensual assessment technique (Amabile, 1996) or Torrance’s …

Teaching Accountability Using Client Feedback Software, Jaqueline Sparks

Jaqueline A. Sparks

No abstract provided.

Body Parts And Early-Learned Verbs, Josita Maouene, Shohei Hidaka, Linda Smith

Josita C Maouene

This article reports the structure of associations among 101 common verbs and body parts. The verbs are those typically learned by children learning English prior to 3 years of age. In a free association task, 50 adults were asked to provide the single body part that came to mind when they thought of each verb. Analyses reveal highly systematic and structured patterns of associations that are also related to the normative age of acquisition of the verbs showing a progression from verbs associated with actions by the mouth, to verbs strongly associated with actions by hand and arm, to verbs …

Bimanual Coupling In Left And Right Space: Which Hand Is Yoked To Which?, Gavin Buckingham, Gordon Binsted, David Carey

Gavin Buckingham

• Reaching across the body into contralateral space with one hand incurs a substantial cost on various measures of performance, compared to ipsilateral reaches of a similar amplitude (Carey, Hargreaves, & Goodale, 1996).

• When reaching with both hands, unimanual asymmetries disappear.

-The hands take off and land concurrently (Kelso, Southard, & Goodman, 1979).

• To test if this ‘yoking’ is driven by the left or the right hand, participants performed reaches of different amplitudes.

• These reaches were made to the left or right side of space.

-Further increasing the unimanual (baseline) asymmetries that get wiped out by the …

Friendships With Peers Who Are Low Or High In Aggression As Moderators Of The Link Between Peer Victimization And Declines In Academic Functioning, David Schwartz, Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman, Kenneth Dodge, Gregory Pettit, John Bates

Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

This paper reports two prospective investigations of the role of friendship in the relation between peer victimization and grade point averages (GPA). Study 1 included 199 children (105 boys, 94 girls; mean age of 9.1 years) and Study 2 included 310 children (151 boys, 159 girls; mean age of 8.5 years). These children were followed for two school years. In both projects, we assessed aggression, victimization, and friendship with a peer nomination inventory, and we obtained children's GPAs from a review of school records. Peer victimization was associated with academic declines only when children had either a high number of …

Distraction During Relational Reasoning: The Role Of Prefrontal Cortex In Interference Control, Robert Morrison

Robert Morrison

Richard Bromfield, Doing Child & Adolescent Psychotherapy, Julia Pryce

Julia Pryce

The Best-Laid Plans: A Case Of Cross-Cultural Online Learning, Beth Rubin

Beth Rubin

This article describes a case of cultural barriers affecting the success of an online course developed in one country and co-taught from two locations, and analyzes the cultural, communication and procedural factors that contributed to failure.

Understanding Evaluation Of Faces On Social Dimensions., Alex Todorov, Said Chris, Andrew Engell, Nicholas Oosterhof

Andrew Engell

Rooting For (And Then Abandoning) The Underdog, Jonghan Kim, Scott T. Allison, Dafna Eylon, George Goethals, Michael Markus, Sheila Hindle, Heather Mcguire

Scott T. Allison

Although people prefer to associate with winners, there is also a strong desire to support the lovable loser or underdog. In 4 studies, we demonstrate the underdog effect and its delimiting conditions.

Reducing Adolescents' Perceived Barriers To Treatment And Increasing Help-Seeking Intentions: Effects Of Classroom Presentations By General Practitioners., Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

The Building Bridges to General Practice (BBGP) program is an outreach initiative (written by the first author). It aims to reduce young peoples’ perceived knowledge- and belief-based barriers to engaging in treatment and to increase their behavioral intentions to consult a general medical practitioner (GP) for physical and psychological problems. By increasing intentions, the BBGP program aims to increase actual consultations with a GP for both types of problem. The current paper is the first of a series that report results from a larger multi-cite research project, developed and led by the first author, which examines the impact of BBGP …

Affirmation And Engagement: Continuing The Dialogue, Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking

Paul W Nesbitt-Larking

No abstract provided.

Rats Selectively Bred For Low Levels Of 50 Khz Ultrasonic Vocalizations Exhibit Alterations In Early Social Motivation, Howard C. Cromwell

Howard Casey Cromwell

In rats, the rates of 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) can be used as a selective breeding phenotype and variations in this phenotype can be an indicator of affective states. The 50 kHz USV is elicited by rewarding stimuli (e.g., food, sexual behavior) and therefore can express a positive affective state. Conversely, the 22 kHz USV is elicited by aversive stimuli (e.g., presence of a predator, social defeat) indicating a negative affective state. In the present study, we tested the effect of selectively breeding for 50 kHz USVs on a variety of maternal social/emotional behaviors in young rat pups (PND …

Using Fmri Brain Activation To Identify Cognitive States Associated With Perception Of Tools And Dwellings, Svetlana V. Shinkareva, Robert A. Mason, Vicente L. Malave, Wei Wang, Tom M. Mitchell, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.