Psychology Commons^™

Access To Another Mind: Naturalistic Theories Require Naturalistic Data, Mark A. Krause, Gordon Burghardt

Gordon Burghardt

If there is to be a natural theory of consciousness that would satisfy both philosophers and scientists, it must be based on naturalistic data and minimal clutter accumulated from semantic arguments. Carruthers offers a 'natural' theory of consciousness that is rather myopic. To explore the evolutionary basis of consciousness, a natural theory should include comparative psychological and neurological data that encompass nonlinguistic measures. Such an approach could provide a clearer picture of the adaptive function, mechanisms, and origins of consciousness.

Floating A University Website: If You're Going To Fish, Bring The Right Bait, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

Visual and printed information desired by precollege students were examined using a cluster technique. Significant relationships between the ACT score and student preferences were found. Several recommendations are offered to assist college and university administrators integrate the research and interactivity of the Web into their overall marketing strategy.

Traditional And Contemporary Prejudice And Urban Whites’ Support For Affirmative Action And Government Help, Kendrick Brown, David R. Williams, James S. Jackson, Myriam Torres, Tyrone A. Foreman

Kendrick Brown

No abstract provided.

Correlates Of Suicide Risk In Adolescent Inpatients Who Report Histories Of Childhood Abuse, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Dwain C. Fehon, Deborah S. Lipschitz, Steve Martino, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The study objective was to examine correlates of suicide risk in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents with a reported history of childhood abuse. Predictors of suicide risk were examined in 74 subjects who reported a history of childhood abuse and 53 depressed subjects who did not report a history of childhood abuse. Subjects completed a battery of psychometrically well-established self-report instruments to assess childhood abuse, suicide risk, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Correlational analyses showed that higher levels of depression, self-criticism, and hopelessness were significantly associated with suicide risk in both study groups and violence was significantly associated with suicide risk in …

Smoking And Drinking Behavior In Patients With Head And Neck Cancer: Effects Of Behavioral Self-Blame And Perceived Control, Alan Christensen, Patricia Moran, Shawna Ehlers, Katherine Raichle, Lucy Karnell, Gerry Funk

Alan J. Christensen

Patients who continue to use tobacco or alcohol following treatment for head and neck cancers are at greater risk for cancer recurrence and mortality. The present study examined the effects of behavioral self-blame and perceived control over health on smoking and alcohol use in a sample of 55 patients with cancers of the head and neck. Measures of self-blame, perceived control, and depression were administered and an assessment of past and current smoking and drinking behavior was obtained. As anticipated, continued smoking after completion of oncologic treatment was predicted by the interaction of behavior specific self-blame and perceived control. Patients …

"Patient Compliance In End-Stage Renal Disease, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

2. Are Battered Women Bad Mothers? Rethinking The Termination Of Abused Women’S Parental Rights For Failure To Protect., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

The Man Who Listens To Behavior: Folk Wisdom And Behavior Analysis From A Real Horse Whisperer, James Dougan, Valeri Farmer-Dougan

James Dougan

The popular novel and movie The Horse Whisperer are based on the work of several real-life horse whisperers, the most famous of whom is Monty Roberts. Over the last 50 years, Roberts has developed a technique for training horses that is both more effective and less aversive than traditional training techniques. An analysis of Roberts’ methods (as described in his book, The Man Who Listens to Horses) indicates a deep understanding of behavioral principles including positive reinforcement, timeout, species-specific defense reactions, ‘‘learned helplessness,’’ and the behavioral analysis of language. Roberts developed his theory and techniques on the basis of …

Psychological Influences On Patient Compliance With Treatment, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

The Architecture Of Argostoli: A Venetian Colonial New Town, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

Argostóli, a Venetian new town on the Ionian Island of Kefallinía, provides an example of how architecture is shaped by cultural factors. Relevant factors in the context of the Venetian occupation of Kefallinía are the political, economic, social, and ecclesiastical ones. From 1500until 1797, Kefallinía and the other Ionian Islands remained a Venetian colony. During these three centuries the Islands formed the boundary between the eastern and western worlds. While most of Greece fell under Turkish rule, the Ionian Islands were exposed to western culture through Venice. Argostóli became the new capital in 1757. The new colonial capital had no …

"Patient X Treatment Interaction And Adherence In Chronic Disease: Osler Revisited, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Vulnerability To Depression: Reexamining State Dependence And Relative Stability, David C. Zuroff, Sidney J. Blatt, Charles A. Sanislow, Colin M. Bondi, Paul A. Pilkonis

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Treatment-related decreases in Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS; Weissman & Beck, 1978) scores have been interpreted as evidence that dysfunctional attitudes are state-dependent concomitants of depression. Data from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program were used to reexamine the stability of dysfunctional attitudes. Mean scores for Perfectionism, Need for Approval, and total DAS decreased after 16 weeks of treatment. However, test-retest correlations showed that the DAS variables displayed considerable relative stability. Structural equation models demonstrated that dysfunctional attitudes after treatment were significantly predicted by initial level of dysfunctional attitudes as well as by posttreatment depression. …

Psychological And Behavioral Functioning In Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients Who Report Histories Of Childhood Abuse, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Dwain C. Fehon, Steve Martino, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine psychological and behavioral functioning in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents who report histories of childhood abuse. Method: Three hundred twenty-two subjects completed an assessment battery of psychometrically well-established instruments. Childhood abuse was assessed by using the childhood abuse scale of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. Childhood abuse scores of 30 or less and 70 or greater were used to create two study groups—no abuse (N=93) and high abuse (N=70), respectively. The two study groups were compared demographically and on the battery of instruments. Results: The two groups differed substantially on most measures of …

Assessment Of Irrational Health Beliefs: Relation To Health Practices And Medical Regimen Adherence, Alan Christensen, Patricia Moran, John Wiebe

Alan J. Christensen

The purpose of the present research was to provide initial validation of the 20-item Irrational Health Belief Scale (IHBS). Study 1 included 392 undergraduate psychology students. Results from Study 1 suggested that the IHBS total score is internally consistent and stable over an 18-month time period. Greater health-related cognitive distortion (higher IHBS scores) was associated with weaker internal health locus of control beliefs, lower positive affectivity, stronger chance health locus of control beliefs, and greater negative affectivity. Most important, greater cognitive distortion was uniquely and significantly associated with a less positive pattern of health practices. Study 2 involved 107 individuals …

Individual Differences In Multiple Dimensions Of Aggression: A Univariate And Multivariate Genetic Analysis, Philip Vernon, Julie Mccarthy, Andrew Johnson, Kerry Jang, Julie Harris

Andrew M. Johnson

Previous behaviour genetic studies of aggression have yielded inconsistent results: reported heritabilities for different types of aggressive behaviour ranging from 0 to 0.98. In the present study, 247 adult twin pairs (183 MZ pairs; 64 same-sex DZ pairs) were administered seven self-report questionnaires which yielded 18 measures of aggression. Univariate genetic analyses showed moderate to high heritabilities for 14 of these 18 measures and for a general aggression factor and three correlated aggression factors extracted from the measures. Multivariate genetic analyses showed sizeable genetic correlations between the different dimensions of aggression. Thus, individual differences in many types of aggressive behaviour …

Are Adaptations Necessarily Genetic?, Steven J. Scher

Steven J. Scher

No abstract provided.

Perception Of The Horizontal And Vertical In Tangible Displays: Minimal Gender Differences, Morton A. Heller, Jeffrey A. Calcaterra, Shavonda L. Green, Stevette L. Barnette

Morton A. Heller

A study is reported of gender differences in a haptic version of three Piagetian tests that assess understanding of Euclidian space. A raised-line drawing kit was used both for subject responses and for production of stimuli. To test understanding of the horizontal, subjects felt pictures of a jar at four tilts and were asked to draw the water line. Two methods were used to examine understanding of the vertical. First, subjects drew a hanging electrical cord and light bulb, attached to the ceiling of a bus, parked on hills of four different angles. Subsequently, subjects drew telephone poles (represented by …

Ranking Serials In Ocenography: An Analysis Based On The Indian Contributions And Their Citations, Tapaswi M. P, Maheswarappa B. S

Prof B S Maheswarappa

An analysis of serials preferred and cited in various communications by the Indian oceanographers during 1963 to 1992 is presented. A shift in preference of serials from general sciences to oceanography (interdisciplinary) and to core subject in oceanography is noticed. The contributions to Indian serials showed a decrease. The implications of this trend are discussed. The rank list of serials cited by Indian oceanographers was correlated with the rank list of serials cited at international level. A negative correlation with a marginal difference of-0.214 is observed between these two rank lists. This difference is attributed to studies from different geographical …

Mental Health Parity Issue Briefs, Ardis Hanson

Ardis Hanson

Six issue briefs summarize the key issues facing the state of Florida in 1999 in the development of mental health parity legislation. The briefs outline the basic issues, potential benefits, and experiences of other states that have developed and/or implemented parity legislation covering behavioral health services, including mental health, alcohol, and/or substance abuse services. In addition, the briefs contain a discussion of the important issues of how managed care and insurance benefit design potentially impact the costs of establishing parity. The six briefs are provided as one pdf document. The document is 6 pages long. Pages include: "Highlights of Recent …

Critical Of Race Theory: Race, Reason, Merit And Civility, Nancy Levit

Nancy Levit

A hazard lurks in any but the most careful representation of another's viewpoint. Call it "slippage" or the "essentialist error," the point is that communication rarely does complete justice to its object. The problem is compounded when the communication is mediated. We all know that between a story and its retelling, something will get lost in translation. Consider feminism, gay legal theory, and critical race theory, and their depictions in academic journals and the popular media. Newspapers and news magazines have recently published a spate of academic trash talk accusing critical race theorists of "playing the race card" and indulging …

Social Work Assessment Of Adaptive Functioning Using The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Issues Of Reliability And Validity, Peter Cabrera, Lucienne Grimes-Gaa, Bruce A. Thyer

Elián P. Cabrera-Nguyen

The assessment of client adaptive functioning is often an important component of a comprehensive social work evaluation. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) are the most commonly used quantitative measures of adaptive functioning for clients meeting the criteria for a wide range of disorders. We review the development of the VABS and current knowledge pertaining to the instrument's reliability and validity. We conclude that the ability to administer and interpret the VABS is an important skill for clinical social workers to acquire.

Assessing Threats Of Targeted Group Violence: Contributions From Social Psychology, Randy Borum, M. Pynchon

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.

Threat Assessment: Defining An Approach To Assessing Risk For Targeted Violence, Randy Borum, Robert Fein, Bryan Vossekuil, John Berglund

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.

Androstenedione Effects On The Vasopressin Innervation Of The Rat Brain, Geert De Vries, C. Villalba, C. L. Auger

Geert De Vries

The steroid hormone androstenedione profoundly influences the development and expression of sexual and aggressive behavior. The neural basis of these effects are, however, poorly understood. In this study we evaluated androstenedione's ability to maintain vasopressin peptide levels in the gonadal steroid-responsive vasopressin cells of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the centromedial amygdala, and their projections. Adult male rats were castrated and given testosterone, androstenedione or no hormonal treatment for five weeks. Their brains were then processed for vasopressin immunoreactivity. Androstenedione and testosterone treatment were equally effective in preventing the reduction of vasopressin immunoreactivity associated with castration. Androstenedione …

Curriculum Standards In The Foreign Languages, Ana I. Schwartz, P C. Duo, M Djamou

Ana I Schwartz

No abstract provided.

Serotonin2c Receptors Appear To Mediate Genetic Sensitivity To Cocaine-Induced Convulsions, Laura O'Dell

Laura Elena O'Dell

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Effects Of Psychomotor Stimulant Infusions Into Amygdaloid Nuclei., Laura O'Dell

Laura Elena O'Dell

No abstract provided.

Annual 1999 Academic Affairs Forum: Access To A Quality Education, Ellen N. Junn

Ellen N. Junn

No abstract provided.

Developmental Changes In The Sources Of Loneliness Among Children And Adolescents: Constructing A Theoretical Model, J.T. Parkhurst, Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

No abstract provided.

Analogical Transfer Of Problem Solutions Within And Between Languages In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Wendy Francis

Wendy S. Francis

Previous cognitive research on transfer of learning in bilingual participants has used simple tasks such as word learning. In the present study, an analogical transfer paradigm was used to examine transfer of high-level conceptual information between languages. Experiment 1 examined analogical transfer from a single source story to a target problem in the same or in a different language with Spanish-English bilinguals. Experiment 2 exploited the competitive nature of retrieval in analogical transfer using a more sensitive design in which the target problem was preceded by two source analogs suggesting different solutions. Even with a total of 207 participants across …