Psychology Commons^™

Understanding The Psychological Impact Of Aids: The Other Epidemic, Marshall Forstein

New England Journal of Public Policy

HIV has created two epidemics, one of disease, the other the consequence of the psychological response to that disease. Thus far, behavioral change is the only effective means of interrupting the transmission of HIV. The underlying psychological dimensions of the societal and individual responses to AIDS are discussed, with suggestions for how both rational thinking and irrational fears and anxiety contribute to the development of public policy. Examples are given of how short-term solutions to reduce anxiety may actually create long-term problems, potentially increasing the risk of transmission of HIV. Specific psychological mechanisms that contribute to the epidemic of fear …

Arson - In Spite, Fun And Profit, Bruce E. Ryden

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Hiv Antibody Testing: Performance And Counseling Issues, Michael Gross

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article assesses the performance of currently used tests for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the infectious agent associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); suggests, in view of that information, guidelines for counseling people seeking HIV antibody testing; and evaluates the claim that because antibody test results will effect behavior change in those who are infected, all members of high-risk groups should be tested.

HIV testing is likely to yield a high proportion of false-positive results in low-risk populations and infants born to infected mothers. A negative result may not establish freedom from infection in high-risk groups or the …

Patterns Of Emotion Within Mathematics Problem-Solving, Frances A. Rosamond

Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal

There is often a divide between the experience of positive emotions toward math on the part of mathematical educators and negative emotions toward math on the part of students. This paper utilizes psychologist Richard Lazarus's work on the effects of positive emotions in order to highlight their benefits for mathematical pedagogy, to explain the author's experiment applying Lazarus's theory, and to suggest ways this application might support and foster positive emotions in students.

Research Note: An Established Canon? Textbook Orthodoxy In Psychology, James R. Scroggs

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Stages Of Intellectual Development: A Scheme, Gloria Goris Stronks

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

Lawrence Kohlberg: Pursuing John Dewey's Vision, Larry Reynolds

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

Faith Development: A View Of James W. Fowler's Theory, Wayne A. Kobes

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

New Psychological Factors In Stress And Heart Disease, Herbert J. Greenwald

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Mental Representations, Noam Chomsky

Syracuse Scholar (1979-1991)

Knowledge of language (and probably much else) can properly be regarded as a system of mental representations and operations to form and modify them. In these terms, many problems concerning language and knowledge can be reasonably approached, sometimes solved, though many mysteries remain, and prospects are opened to incorporate this inquiry within the natural sciences.

Stress In The Work Place, Rose K. Rhea

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A study was undertaken in an attempt to get answers to current questions on the impact of stress in the work place as perceived by company management and employees at different levels, but emphasizing views of persons in supervisory positions. Information was gathered in questionnaires submitted to 150 companies selected at random from telephone directories of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. The survey was administered by college students majoring in business and drew 128 respondents representing a cross-section of occupations from 100 business concerns of varying size. When asked which factors contributed to stress, the preponderant response was "heavy work …

Stress: What Is It And How Can It Be Quantified?, T. H. Friend

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

An animal may be considered to be in a state of stress if abnormal behavior or extreme adjustments in its behavior or physiology are necessary in order to cope with adverse aspects of its environment. Methods used to determine if an animal is stressed can be either behavioral or physiological. Behavioral methods may be highly erroneous due to their subjective nature since alterations in behavior do not necessarily prove that an animal is stressed. There is no single measure of stress that can be used in all situations at this time. Every measure must be critically evaluated to ensure that …

Ethology And Laboratory Animal Welfare, James A. Cohen

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

No abstract provided.

The Psychological Relations Hip Between Dairy Cows And Dairy Cowmen And Its Implications For Animal Welfare, Martin F. Seabrook

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Stress On Livestock And Meat Quality Prior To And During Slaughter, Temple Grandin

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The effects of stress on cattle, pigs and sheep prior to slaughter are reviewed. Long-term preslaughter stress, such as fighting, cold weather, fasting and transit, which occurs 12 to 48 hours prior to slaughter depletes muscle glycogen, resulting in meat which has a higher pH, darker color, and is drier. Short-term acute stress, such as excitement or fighting immediately prior to slaughter, produced lactic acid from the breakdown of glycogen. This results in meat which has a lower pH, lighter color, reduced water binding capacity, and is possibly tougher. Psychological stressors, such as excitement and fighting, will often have a …

Jungian Theory And Social Work Practice, Herman Borenzweig

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Carl Jung's contributions to psychology, psychotherapy, and social science have had little impact upon social wonk practice. Social Work Abstracts to lists only one article where Jungian theory is utilized by social workers. McBroom has recently written an article "The Collective Unconscious as a Unifying Concept in Teaching Human Behavior Cross Culturally:" If only two articles about Jungian psychology have appeared in the social work literature in the last twelve years it seems safe to assume either that the ,Jungian oriented social workers practice their Jung underground and fail to publish on that Jung remains anathema to the profession.

In …

Influence Of Gender Appropriateness Of Sex-Role And Occupational Preferences On Evaluations Of A Competent Person, Robert D. Johnson, David R. Shaffer

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Previous research has found that while masculine sex-role preferences are more highly valued, persons holding gender consistent sex-role preferences generally are rated as more attractive. The present study explores the interactive effect of gender consistent/inconsistent sex-role preferences and congruent/incongruent occupational choices on evaluations of a person from varying perspectives. Statistical analysis of the data revealed (1) people holding masculine sex-role preferences are perceived to have a higher motivation to succeed, and to be more competent; (2)from the perspective of friend and potential employee, persons holding gender consistent sex-role preferences are perceived as more attractive; (3) from the perspective of potential …

Livestock Behavior As Related To Handling Facilities Design, Temple Grandin

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A knowledge of the behavior of different species of livestock as we// as different breeds within a particular species is essential to the proper planning of a handling facility. An optimal facility should incorporate features which minimize stress on the animal and maximize the efficiency of movement from holding pen to slaughter area. Handler awareness of the animals' perception of critical distance flight zone and personal space requirements also reduces problems with balkin; and alarm behavior. Many improvements can be made with relative ease, thus enabling already existing facilities to upgrade their operations.

School Phobia: A Review Of Some Issues, M. W. Boyce

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

It is now quite well established that children, usually said to be suffering from school phobia (Johnson et al, 1941). or school refusal (Morgan, 1959). have great difficulty in attending school as a result of a neurotic disturbance, and that this is quite distinct from truancy, which is more often part of an anti-social or conduct disorder (Warren, 1948; Hersov, 1960a). School phobia is a condition which involves more than a simple fear of school. Johnson et al (1941) claimed that the essential problem lay in an unresolved mutual dependency relationship between mother and child, with arousal of intense separation …

Judicial Incentives: Some Evidence From Urban Trial Courts, Greg A. Caldeira

IUSTITIA

In the following pages, I shall outline the basics of a method for studying the motivations of trial judges - or any public officials, for that matter - that I find particularly interesting and fruitful - "incentive theory". The use of incentive theory is, in my view, a preliminary contribution to an ongoing movement to fill glaring gaps in the literature on judicial motivation and trial judging.

On Manility And Serality, Hans W. Wendt

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The notion that different people consistently function best at different and specific times of day is subjected to further analysis and discussion of methodological difficulties. When factor analytic procedures are applied to behavior inventories which supposedly capture stable diurnal characteristics, more than one dimension of "serality-manility" emerges. Factor scores thus derived were correlated with the computed acrophases of several circadian functions. Certain results suggest sex differences in the underlying structure, besides the magnitude, of these relationships. Also, hormonal contraception may alter behavioral serality-manility.

Observation Of Physiological Changes During Transcendental Meditation, Ron Royer, Edwin J. Nordheim

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Techniques of yoga have been associated with alterations in physiology, but until recently there has been only haphazard and uncontrolled research . Since 1970, information has been gathered which suggests that the practice of Transcendental Meditation (TM), a derivative of yoga, significantly affects changes in several physiological areas. This study observed changes in breath rate and peripheral circulation before, during, and after the practice of TM. Results showed a significant decrease in breath rate and changes in circulation patterns in the hand and forehead of subjects.

Laboratory, Computer Program Audio-Visual Or Lecture Methods, Karin A. Ostrand

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A comparison is made of the relative learning effectiveness under several instructional methods: a laboratory approach, computer-programmed instruction, and audio-visual teaching, with the traditional lecture method as a control. No significant differences have been recorded relative to the different methods or sex of the students. Some indication of preference among the laboratory and computer groups for those activities is noted, but not sufficiently strong to be considered educationally significant.

The Runaways, Richard David Young

IUSTITIA

At the present stage of development, the varied literature on runaway children and adolescents provides little basis for firm conclusions. The apparent heterogeneity of runaways has yet to be fully realized in conceptual or research attempts, although efforts in that direction are beginning. There appears to be little utility or meaning in assigning runaway behavior solely to categories of delinquency or psychopathology. Such efforts have done little to clarify the meaning of running away or to define the important environmental factors and personality features involved in running away. To some extent their greatest impact has been on the restriction of …

The Abused Child And His Parents, Richard David Young

IUSTITIA

Children in our society pass through a prolonged period of dependency during which they are taught the complex technological and social skills necessary for successful adult functioning. The child's experiences during this period can have profound effects on the development of his potential for meaningful interpersonal relationships, competency, and creativity. The child's dependence needs are the complement of the caretaker's nurturance. When nurturance fails or is inconsistent, societal loss merges with individual tragedy. Yet nurturance does occasionally fail. Some of those charged with the care of children abdicate their responsibilities, and do not provide the physical and/or emotional necessities for …

Social Work, Sociology, And Social Diagnosis, Harris Chaiklin

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Excerpt from the full-text article:

A new type of scholar-practitioner is needed; one who can contribute to both sociology and social work. To this point sociology has had the advantage because it has more of the needed people than social work; it just won't let them out of the closet. Social work has always been better than its own self-image. Lack of scholarship has hindered organizing and presenting the hard won knowledge which the field has acquired. The way to bring this scattered information together is by developing typologies which are refined in practice and common to both fields. Only …

The Convergence Of The Interactionist And Behavioral Approaches To Deviance, Stuart A. Kirk, Eileen D. Gambrill

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper compares two theoretical perspectives on deviance, the behavioral and interactionist. Although these two perspectives arise from separate disciplines and intellectual traditions, we will argue that their approaches to the study of deviance in general and to mental illness in particular share many basic similarities, as well as some important differences, and that an analysis of each helps us understand the limitations and strengths of the other.

The behavioral and interactionist perspectives are chosen for examination for three reasons. First, it is our opinion that these two theoretical approaches represent the most creative recent work by sociologists and psychologists …

The Image Of Limited Good In Ojibway Society, Jeffrey C. Moore

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Ojibway Indians of the north-central United States have had great difficulty in organizing effectively to work toward common economic, social, and political ends. This has been the case historically and remains true today. The basic reason for the inability to organize is on orientation to life which Foster has described in his theory of the Image of Limited Good, and which was observed on a Minnesota reservation.

Group Therapy And Privileged Communication, Robert Jay Braman

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Individual! Person! Community! What Do We Mean When We Use These Terms?, Wendall Thomas

Green Revolution

No abstract provided.