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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Evaluating Elaborative Interrogation's Efficacy With Expository Text, Rhonda Leah Boudreau
Evaluating Elaborative Interrogation's Efficacy With Expository Text, Rhonda Leah Boudreau
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study investigated whether elaborative interrogation would be an effective learning strategy with lengthy expository text. One hundred undergraduates (65 females and 35 males) comprised the study’s 5 groups: a) naturalistic elaborative interrogation, b) self-study, c) repetition, d) elaborative interrogation with pre-underlined main ideas; and, e) elaborative interrogation with pre-underlined main ideas plus structured ‘why’ questions. The expectation was that elaborative interrogation would prove to be a potent learning strategy relative to lower-order strategies (e.g., repetition); and that, when using expository text, students may require some supports to maximize the strategy’s gains. All students read an eight page passage on …
Supporting Community Innovators: An Evaluation Of The Sexual Offender Program Of Community Justice Initiatives, Kitchener, Ontario, Stephanie Campbell
Supporting Community Innovators: An Evaluation Of The Sexual Offender Program Of Community Justice Initiatives, Kitchener, Ontario, Stephanie Campbell
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis is an utilization-focussed evaluation of the Sexual Offender Program of Community Justice Initiatives (CJI) of Kitchener, ON. The evaluation was guided by a steering committee consisting of program stakeholders. The main goals of the study were to examine whether the program offers services which correspond to the program’s three newly stated outcome objectives and to gain program participants’ and volunteers’ suggestions to improve the program services. The study is also aimed to examine how well participants achieved the three program objectives. Information for the evaluation was gained through focus group interviews with program participants, telephone interviews with support …
Changes In Environmental Context And The Mirror Effect In Recognition Memory, Craig Andrew Livermore
Changes In Environmental Context And The Mirror Effect In Recognition Memory, Craig Andrew Livermore
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present study examined the effect of environmental context on the mirror effect in recognition memory. In seven experiments, participants studied either high (HF) and low-frequency (LF) or noun and nonnoun pairs of words followed in a old/new item recognition test by which proportion correct, response time, and confidence judgments were measured. Single item or word pair targets and distractors were presented in same- or different-context conditions. Context was defined as the unique combination of foreground and background colour and position on a computer screen for two experiments while position was removed as a context variable for five experiments due …
A Voice For Our Future: High-Risk Adolescents' Perceptions And Experiences About Help And Healing Interventions, Cameron Dale Norman
A Voice For Our Future: High-Risk Adolescents' Perceptions And Experiences About Help And Healing Interventions, Cameron Dale Norman
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This critical ethnography examines the perceptions of adolescents at-risk with respect to their experiences of help, both formal and informal. Ten (10) adolescents who had been involved with the Bridges psychoeducational program, an interagency partnership intervention for high-risk youth in the Waterloo region, were interviewed about their experience with the programs and people who attempt to support them. Placing great importance on using the adolescent’s words to speak to their own needs and experiences, this study's main findings suggest that adolescents are not given voice by many helpers; most help agents fail to truly help these adolescents in a meaningful …
Making Connections: Greek And Sri Lankan Tamil Perceptions Of Mental Health, Ways Of Coping, And Help-Seeking, Margaret Douglin
Making Connections: Greek And Sri Lankan Tamil Perceptions Of Mental Health, Ways Of Coping, And Help-Seeking, Margaret Douglin
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis explores the perceptions of mental health, mental health problems, depression, and the coping and help-seeking behaviour of Greeks and Sri Lankan Tamils in Toronto. The study was undertaken in collaboration with a community mental health agency located in the Toronto community council area of East York. The information from this study will be used to help the agency, "Alternatives," develop a strategy for reaching more members of diverse ethnic communities. In this study data were collected through interviews with Greek and Tamil service-providers and focus groups with lay community members using a qualitative, culturally sensitive, and participatory action …
The Courage To Change: Salvadoran Stories Of Personal And Social Transformation (El Salvador), Audrey Celeste Rosa
The Courage To Change: Salvadoran Stories Of Personal And Social Transformation (El Salvador), Audrey Celeste Rosa
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Through a humanist, socialist, and feminist lens this study is an exploration of the process of social change. Using a grounded-theory and narrative approach, and a mix of qualitative methods (field study, in-depth and informal interviews, and participant observation), eleven in-depth interviews were generated from the sociocultural and political context of El Salvador: a country which has chosen a revolutionary path to social change. The present study focuses on the personal and social transformation processes of eight exemplary individuals, six of whom the author has known through an extensive history of solidarity work and social action. The resulting narratives are …
The Relations Of Parenting Characteristics And Parents' Levels Of Care Reasoning To Preschoolers' Prosocial Reasoning, Stacey Tzavelas
The Relations Of Parenting Characteristics And Parents' Levels Of Care Reasoning To Preschoolers' Prosocial Reasoning, Stacey Tzavelas
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Past research examining parenting variables in relation to the development of prosocial reasoning in children has been minimal. Here, 27 two-parent families with a first-born four-and-one-half-year-old child were studied. Children’s prosocial reasoning was measured using Eisenberg’s Prosocial Reasoning Task. Aspects of a model of socialization proposed by Darling and Steinberg (1991) which includes parenting values, styles and practices were used here to generate predictions regarding preschoolers’ socialization. Parents’ authoritativeness of style was measured based on Baumrind’s paradigm (1971). Also measured were the values parents chose as being important for their children, and parents’ moral orientation (care versus justice) in the …
Gender Differences And Similarities In Moral Orientations: A Narrative Approach To Moral Socialization Within The Family, Susan M. Hilbers
Gender Differences And Similarities In Moral Orientations: A Narrative Approach To Moral Socialization Within The Family, Susan M. Hilbers
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Some research suggests that adults as parents, in particular, may orient their moral reasoning and socialization of children differentially by gender (Lollis, Ross, & Leroux, 1996; Pratt, Amold, & Hilbers, 1998; Pratt, Golding, Hunter, & Sampson, 1988). The present study investigates the extent to which mothers and fathers differ in their moral orientations with respect to socializing young children, specifically in their use of a narrative or storytelling mode. The present study also examines the extent to which gender of the child influences the orientation of parents’ socialization narratives told to and about their young children. Thirty married couples, whose …
Attentional, Instructional, And Depth Effects On Retrieval Estimates, Jennifer Vonk
Attentional, Instructional, And Depth Effects On Retrieval Estimates, Jennifer Vonk
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Much evidence has been presented in support of the view that deeper levels of processing (DOP) during encoding lead to substantial increases in explicit memory performance. The effects of DOP on implicit memory performance have been much more controversial. We attempted to find evidence to support the idea that deeper processing may influence automatic retrieval processes and that contradictory findings from the process dissociation procedure (PDP) may have resulted from the underestimation of automatic retrieval. This underestimation would result when automatic (A) and conscious retrieval (C) processes are positively correlated rather than independent as the PDP model suggests. We found …
Effects Of Cholinergic And Dopaminergic Drugs On Number And Time Processing In Rats, Romina Coppa
Effects Of Cholinergic And Dopaminergic Drugs On Number And Time Processing In Rats, Romina Coppa
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study describes the effects of cholinergic and dopaminergic drugs on time and number processing by rats. Rats were trained to discriminate discrete sound sequences. On number trials, the duration of the sound sequence was a constant 4 seconds and the number of sounds was 2 or 8. On time trials, the number of sounds was held constant at 4, and the duration of the sound sequence was either 2 or 8 seconds. Psychophysical functions for number and time were obtained by presenting unreinforced sequences of intermediate number and duration. Accuracy of performance was greater with temporal signals than with …
Assessing The Separate Contributions Of Recollection And Familiarity For The Mirror Effect: A Process Dissociation Approach, Elvin Dobani
Assessing The Separate Contributions Of Recollection And Familiarity For The Mirror Effect: A Process Dissociation Approach, Elvin Dobani
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In four separate experiments, we employed Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation procedure (PDP) to evaluate the extent to which the mirror effect in recognition memory can be accounted for by recollection and In the first experiment, participants listened to two study lists of words, one in a female voice and the other in a male voice. Their memory for one set of words was gauged via an inclusion test, while their recognition of the other set was gauged via an exclusion test As predicted, a significant mirror effect was observed for both the inclusion and exclusion conditions, and the PDP recollection …