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Articles 1 - 30 of 189
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Self-Reflections Through A Screen: Self-Identity, Social Media, And Psychological Well-Being, Jeremy J. Serio
Self-Reflections Through A Screen: Self-Identity, Social Media, And Psychological Well-Being, Jeremy J. Serio
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Social media use among emerging adults is assumed to be related to a variety of negative psychological outcomes and has, in recent years, become a widely studied phenomenon (Kim, 2017, Pew Research Center, 2018). Despite the widespread assumption, the results from empirical studies of the effects of social media use on mental health in this population have been inconsistent and inconclusive (Keles et al., 2020, Yang et al., 2021). Several meta-analyses (e.g., Keles et al., 2020) demonstrate these inconsistent results across studies and point to the need to consider individual difference factors when researching this issue. Different self-identity styles have …
Art, Race, And The Carceral System: Perceptions Of Criminality In Artful Expression, Abiodun Akinseye
Art, Race, And The Carceral System: Perceptions Of Criminality In Artful Expression, Abiodun Akinseye
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Prior research suggests that rap music is viewed as more “criminal” than other musical genres. Furthermore, juries are likely to attribute criminal stereotypes to rappers, in part due to assumptions of guilt and innocence based on race (Smiley, 2017; Smiley & Fakunle, 2016). Recently courts have used rap lyrics as a form of confessionary evidence against rappers in the courtroom (e.g., McKinley Phipps v. Tim Wilkinson, 2001), but this practice does not extend to other art forms, such as stand-up comedy. This interdisciplinary paper utilizes a mixed-methods approach to research, using both content analysis and experimental methods to develop an …
Psychosocial Student Adaptions To Covid-19 In Higher Education: A Mixed-Methods Approach To Covid-19 Through The Theoretical Framework Of Anomie, Grace Erika Johnson
Psychosocial Student Adaptions To Covid-19 In Higher Education: A Mixed-Methods Approach To Covid-19 Through The Theoretical Framework Of Anomie, Grace Erika Johnson
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted individuals and social institutions due to an abrupt and expansive change to norms and values, which are key characteristics of an anomic state. The purpose of this exploratory and descriptive study was to understand how students enrolled at residential university perceived educational and societal pressures associated with COVID-19. This research applied a mixed methods approach and relied upon three phrases of research: (1) Pilot questionnaire (n=54); (2) Qualitative interviews (n=14); and (3) Quantitative questionnaire (n=253). Findings suggested similarities in how university students responded to COVID-19 and how communities responded previously to other forms of natural disasters. …
The Effects Of Covid-19 Induced Stress, Anxiety And Depression On The Eating Behavior Of College Women, Natalie Simpson
The Effects Of Covid-19 Induced Stress, Anxiety And Depression On The Eating Behavior Of College Women, Natalie Simpson
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Increases in the prevalence of disordered eating patterns have been linked to distress and poor mental well-being. Additionally, COVID-19 has been linked to both depressive and anxious symptomatology, along with increased feelings of distress (Fitzpatrick et al., 2020). Because disordered eating is particularly prevalent among college-aged women, this study sought to determine how depression, anxiety, and stress affect eating behaviors of college women in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. 179 women at Butler University, aged 18-24, gave informed consent before completing a questionnaire pertaining to their demographics, their stress surrounding COVID, and their weight change since March 2020. The …
The Climate Crisis: How Communication And Norms Interact With Attitudes And Actions, Kathryn Aldstadt
The Climate Crisis: How Communication And Norms Interact With Attitudes And Actions, Kathryn Aldstadt
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
The present study investigated the effect of communication strategies and social norms on peoples’ self-reported environmental attitudes and actions. Communication strategies that cause high-fear levels in viewers can often cause distress, thereby increasing the likelihood that viewers will disregard a message in favor of protecting themselves (Clayton, 2020; Hornsey et al., 2015). Communication strategies that cause low-fear can serve as healthy motivators for action (Nestler & Egloff, 2012). Social norms are powerful, and people are likely to follow the same behavior pattern as others. In the current study, participants (N=71) watched a Public Service Announcement (PSA) video and either had …
A Moody Memory: The Impact Of Affective State On Source Memory And Reality Monitoring, Rebecca Lynn Greenberg
A Moody Memory: The Impact Of Affective State On Source Memory And Reality Monitoring, Rebecca Lynn Greenberg
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Many researchers have studied the impact of mood on various cognitive processes, but few have analyzed how it affects source memory and internal-external reality monitoring processes. Numerous findings indicate that sad moods are likely to yield more accurate memory than happy moods due to different information processing techniques, suggesting that sad mood could improve source memory and reality monitoring as well. After being induced into either a happy or sad mood, participants were presented with a list of 30 noun-verb-noun phrases in which the second noun was either generated for them by the computer or they were asked to fill …
Effects Of Intermittent Alcohol And Nicotine Cc-Consumption In C57bl/6j Mice, Presley Elizabeth Fletcher
Effects Of Intermittent Alcohol And Nicotine Cc-Consumption In C57bl/6j Mice, Presley Elizabeth Fletcher
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Two of the world’s leading causes of preventable deaths include the use of alcohol and tobacco. While independently these substances have negative consequences, they are often used in combination. For instance, those who are dependent on nicotine are more likely to engage in hazardous drinking and/or have a dependence on alcohol and vice versa. As different methods of consuming nicotine become more normalized, there is a concern of associated harmful alcohol consumption being that both substances are widely available and rewarding. The goal of the current study was to understand the relationship between nicotine and alcohol and the behavioral effects …
Painting A Pretty Picture: The Role Of Social Desirability In The Memory Self-Efficacy Of Young And Older Adults, Keegan G. Sawin, Rachel Henderson
Painting A Pretty Picture: The Role Of Social Desirability In The Memory Self-Efficacy Of Young And Older Adults, Keegan G. Sawin, Rachel Henderson
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
No abstract provided.
Determinants Of Subjective Memory In First-Degree Relatives And Care Providers Of Individuals With Dementia, Cassidy Marie Tiberi
Determinants Of Subjective Memory In First-Degree Relatives And Care Providers Of Individuals With Dementia, Cassidy Marie Tiberi
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Subjective memory may help practitioners understand who pursues assessment and treatment for memory concerns. Two factors that are related to subjective memory are depressive affect and fear of dementia, and two groups of older adults who may be susceptible to these factors are first-degree relatives and care providers of patients with dementia. This study seeks to determine how depressive affect and fear of dementia influence the subjective memory of these two groups. Fifty-five adults ages 55 and older who were a care provider and/or first-degree relative of patients with dementia reported their perceptions of their own memory, feelings of depression, …
Painting A Pretty Picture: The Role Of Social Desirability In The Memory Self-Efficacy Of Young And Older Adults, Keegan Grace Sawin
Painting A Pretty Picture: The Role Of Social Desirability In The Memory Self-Efficacy Of Young And Older Adults, Keegan Grace Sawin
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
The current study examined the relationships between social desirability, depression, memory self-efficacy, and objective memory in both young and older adult populations. I designed the study to replicate the previous findings of Lineweaver and Brolsma (2014) and to determine whether these findings would generalize to individuals in later adulthood. 45 young adults and 47 older adults (young adults: 88% female, 80% White; older adults: 42% female, 100% White) completed measures of depression, objective memory, memory self-efficacy, and social desirability. As predicted, older adults were higher in levels of social desirability than young adults, but the memory self-efficacy of young adults …
The Effects Of Documentary Interviews On Perceptions Of Interrogations, Katherine Hussey
The Effects Of Documentary Interviews On Perceptions Of Interrogations, Katherine Hussey
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Confession documentaries frequently interview the attorneys and relatives of the wrongfully convicted—but where are the confessions experts? Does the information conveyed in these interviews matter? These questions are becoming increasingly important as the popularity of documentaries, specifically documentaries about false confessions, is on the rise. However, the effect that documentaries have on jury-eligible citizens’ perceptions of confessions evidence has yet to be a topic of intense study. In this experiment, 271 participants watched a false confessions documentary interview of either a confessions expert who spoke about psychological research, the suspect’s defense attorney who spoke about their experience with confessions, or …
Signaling Organizational Identity-Safety Through The Use Of Gender Pronouns, Roua Daas
Signaling Organizational Identity-Safety Through The Use Of Gender Pronouns, Roua Daas
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
LGBTQ+ persons face unsupportive workplace environments, and including an employee’s gender pronouns, (i.e. one’s personal pronouns reflecting their gender identity), in organizational materials may signal that a workplace is an inclusive space for LGBTQ+ identifying people. We examined if the inclusion of gender pronouns in organizational materials encourages identity-safety for members of the LGBTQ+ community. Lesbian, gay, & bisexual participants (N = 111; 94.5% cisgender) were recruited via Turkprime.com to partake in this online study. They viewed the homepage for a fictitious company, Uptown Consulting, and were then randomly assigned to view a profile of a successful female employee of …
The Effects Of Consensus Information On Perceptions Of Children With Autism, Kaitlyn C. Thornton
The Effects Of Consensus Information On Perceptions Of Children With Autism, Kaitlyn C. Thornton
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are often the target of prejudice and discrimination. The current study was conducted to better understand why individuals react to children with ASD in a negative manner by focusing on the role of consensus information (i.e., what an individual perceives most others to believe). To investigate the potential impact of consensus information, we asked a sample of Butler University students (n = 111) to read classroom scenarios describing undesirable behaviors enacted by a student (e.g., interrupting the teacher). The target student was described as either a student from the general population or a student …
Effects Of Personal Relevance And Consensus Information On Feminist Self-Identification, Mary Allison Stazinski
Effects Of Personal Relevance And Consensus Information On Feminist Self-Identification, Mary Allison Stazinski
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Past research has identified several factors that contribute to the likelihood of a person self-identifying as a feminist. However, although prior work points to the importance of the perceived relevancy of the feminist movement and the public's consensus about it, previous research has not looked at these two factors specifically. Using an experimental methodological approach, the current study had participants read a news article about feminism that was either low or high in personal relevancy, followed by exposure to comments supposedly left by previous readers that suggested most others viewed feminism positively or negatively, after which participants reported to what …
Masked Emotions: Studying The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Emotional Regulation In College Students And Beyond, Sara Katherine Taft
Masked Emotions: Studying The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Emotional Regulation In College Students And Beyond, Sara Katherine Taft
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Studies regarding the socioemotional selectivity theory have found that upcoming endings lead to a positivity bias in individuals’ executive functioning. The current study seeks to expand upon this theory by studying the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students and graduates. It was predicted that a) current students would demonstrate more negative emotionality than pre-COVID students, b) that current students would demonstrate a greater positivity bias than pre-COVID students, and c) that this bias would be more pronounced in current seniors and weaker in current freshmen and college graduates. Participants responded to several scales regarding personality (neuroticism, shyness) and …
Remember That Party Last Night? Examining The Effects Of Binge-Like Alcohol On Memory, Anna Thomas
Remember That Party Last Night? Examining The Effects Of Binge-Like Alcohol On Memory, Anna Thomas
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Alcohol is a widely available drug that is often abused. Studies have shown alcohol-induced memory loss in humans and animals; however, the large amount of alcohol often necessary to observe such loss and use of involuntary drinking paradigms in animals makes translation difficult. The current study was designed to look at voluntary binge-like drinking behavior and memory in rodents. We anticipated decreases in working memory function following consumption of binge-like alcohol in mice and expected a greater deficit in mice experiencing acute withdrawal during the memory task. The present study explored drinking behaviors in adult C57BL/6J mice (18 male, 18 …
Do Differences In Teaching Evaluations Really Matter? An Investigation Into What Constitutes A Meaningful Difference In Evaluations Of Professors, Catherine Bain
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
This study sought to determine what constitutes a minimally meaningful difference in student evaluations of their professors, when students are asked to rate their professors on the traditional 5-point teaching effectiveness item commonly used in higher education. A minimally meaningful difference is the smallest difference between two ratings that: 1) exceeds chance variation and 2) corresponds to a difference deemed meaningful using some external anchor or standard. Data was obtained through a series of surveys given to students at Butler University and to an online nationwide sample. Analysis occurred through both an anchor-based approach, using data obtained from a single …
Impairment Or Underestimation? Negative Illusory Bias In Depressive Symptoms And Theory Of Mind, Jaclyn Boyer
Impairment Or Underestimation? Negative Illusory Bias In Depressive Symptoms And Theory Of Mind, Jaclyn Boyer
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Theory of Mind (ToM) is the social-cognitive skill of attributing beliefs, feelings, and intentions to others in order to predict their future behavior. Past research on ToM and depression is quite ambiguous; some studies have found significant impairment of ToM performance in depressed individuals, while others have found that depressed individuals perform better than those without depression. The purpose of the study was to clarify this ambiguity by considering the phenomenon of negative illusory bias (NIB) as a potential mediating variable. NIB refers to the tendency of competent individuals to underestimate their abilities. Therefore, along with measures of ToM and …
Anxiety-Inducing Effects Of Alcohol And Caffeine In C57bl/6j Mice, Melissa Evans
Anxiety-Inducing Effects Of Alcohol And Caffeine In C57bl/6j Mice, Melissa Evans
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Caffeine and alcohol are two of the most popular and legal drugs around the world. In America, both drugs are easily accessible, which has contributed to frequent use of the drugs in tandem. Previous studies have revealed much about the mechanisms of each drug, but the effects of co-consumption are not yet fully understood. One concern is that caffeine could reduce how intoxicated a person feels, leading to an increase in alcohol consumption or other risky behaviors. Withdrawal is also a concern as it helps maintain the cycle of substance abuse. This study was designed to examine consumption patterns of …
The Effect Of Color, Preference, And The Interaction Of Color And Preference On Short-Term Memory, Shreya Patel
The Effect Of Color, Preference, And The Interaction Of Color And Preference On Short-Term Memory, Shreya Patel
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
The link between color and memory has sparked a lot of curiosity over the past few years. Previous research suggests that color can affect short term recall of word lists (Singg, 2017). Other studies have shown that color can generally help increase object memory (Lloyd-Jones & Nakabayashi, 2009). Color increases attention and emotional arousal, which can lead to better memory of certain objects, words, and ideas (Dzulkifli & Mustafar, 2013). This study aimed to determine if there was a relationship between color, color preference, and short-term recall of a list of words. A total of forty participants were randomly selected. …
Poor And Unpopular: How Verbal Ability And Theory Of Mind Predict Peer Rejection In A Socioeconomically Diverse Environment, Ellen Rispoli
Poor And Unpopular: How Verbal Ability And Theory Of Mind Predict Peer Rejection In A Socioeconomically Diverse Environment, Ellen Rispoli
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
This study compares associations between Peer Rejection (PR) and Verbal Ability (VA) and PR and Theory of Mind (ToM) within a socioeconomically diverse context. At the time the study was stopped, five participants, ages 6-9, were recruited from the Boys and Girls Club. Participating families completed socioeconomic status (SES) questionnaires written in either English or Spanish prior to an hour-long session with a team of Butler University undergraduate students. The undergraduates administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT) to assess VA; the Mind of the Eyes task, a series of three Faux Pas (FP) tasks, …
Generating Civically-Engaged Undergraduate Student Scientists In General Education Classrooms, Tara T. Lineweaver, Tonya R. Bergeson
Generating Civically-Engaged Undergraduate Student Scientists In General Education Classrooms, Tara T. Lineweaver, Tonya R. Bergeson
Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication
No abstract provided.
What Do You Want To Be When You Grow Up? Cognitive Flexibility Influences Career Decision Making And Related Anxiety, Emily Flandermeyer
What Do You Want To Be When You Grow Up? Cognitive Flexibility Influences Career Decision Making And Related Anxiety, Emily Flandermeyer
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Career indecision is a stage most individuals pass through during their lifetime, but it is often accompanied by anxiety. While anxiety can have a positive influence on decision making by focusing attention and cognitive resources, excess anxiety can disrupt the career decision-making process. Existing literature links anxiety to cognitive flexibility, an individual’s ability to efficiently switch between thoughts and ideas and adapt to evolving situations, with young adults higher in cognitive flexibility typically experiencing less anxiety than their less flexible peers. However, no studies to date have examined cognitive flexibility as it relates to career indecision or career-indecision-related anxiety. This …
Drinking In The Dark: Voluntary Co-Consumption Of Nicotine And Alcohol For Binge-Like Drinking Behavior In Mice, Katherine Benson
Drinking In The Dark: Voluntary Co-Consumption Of Nicotine And Alcohol For Binge-Like Drinking Behavior In Mice, Katherine Benson
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Alcohol and nicotine are two of the most commonly abused drugs across the United States. Given the high rates of comorbidity, it remains a pressing public health concern to determine how the two drugs interact within the CNS, and how this impacts addictive behavior. The present study investigated the effect of comorbid abuse of nicotine and alcohol on stress and anxiety-like withdrawal symptoms, as both are associated with increased rates of relapse. A voluntary co-consumption, two-bottle choice paradigm was used with nicotine and alcohol to induce binge-like drinking behavior in mice following the drinking in the dark (DID) model of …
Who's Your Hoosier? How External Factors Affect Judgement When Choosing Romantic Partners At Indiana Colleges, Amanda Rosenfeld
Who's Your Hoosier? How External Factors Affect Judgement When Choosing Romantic Partners At Indiana Colleges, Amanda Rosenfeld
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Most of the literature on online dating addresses what makes a profile more desirable. However, little research has been done examining why someone can be drawn to an adverse profile (i.e. a profile containing clear ’red-flag’ traits). This study will analyze how two types of external influence, recommendations provided by a computer algorithm and consensus information provided by peers, interact to affect judgement in the context of using a dating application to choose hypothetical romantic partners. The romantic experience level of each participant will also be analyzed to see if lack of experience moderates how much individuals rely on external …
E-Books: Cognitive And Visual Effects, Hannah Degroot
E-Books: Cognitive And Visual Effects, Hannah Degroot
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Sight is incredibly important to daily life. One critical use of this sense is reading, which allows people to communicate and learn new things if the reader is able to effectively comprehend what he or she has read. The proliferation of technology has resulted in much of our reading today being done through digital media. Information-presenting screens are found nearly everywhere, including within the education system. While E-books can offer some advantages, their purpose would not be served if they hindered understanding. Additionally, excessive use of technological devices can bring about symptoms of eyestrain. It was hypothesized that E-books are …
Disordered Eating Habits, Emotion Regulation, And Theory Of Mind In Undergraduate Students, Brianna Borri
Disordered Eating Habits, Emotion Regulation, And Theory Of Mind In Undergraduate Students, Brianna Borri
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to recognize and attribute mental states to oneself and others, has been found to be impaired in a number of different psychological disorders (Bora et al. 2009). Evaluating ToM in a population suffering from eating disorders, however, has proven less consistent; some Anorexia Nervosa patients show ToM deficits compared to healthy controls (Russell et al. 2009) and others perform similarly (Tchanturia et al. 2004). A common consensus not only seems to be lacking within the literature on ToM and Anorexia Nervosa, but within the broader family of eating disorders as well (e.g., Bulimia Nervosa; …
“Wide-Awake Drunk”: Observing The Combined Effects Of Alcohol And Caffeine On Somatic Withdrawal Signs In C57bl/6j Mice, Montana Jenkins
“Wide-Awake Drunk”: Observing The Combined Effects Of Alcohol And Caffeine On Somatic Withdrawal Signs In C57bl/6j Mice, Montana Jenkins
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Caffeine is one of the most widely used psychoactive stimulants in the world and is often used in combination with other substances. The combination of caffeine and alcohol has been shown to induce a stimulated, rather than sedated state, which may result in increased alcohol-attributable accidents (e.g., drunk driving, unprotected sex, and over intoxication). Preclinical research has found mixed results regarding the co-consumption of caffeine and alcohol – some found that caffeine increases alcohol intake while others the opposite. The current study expanded on previous research by testing the effects of combined caffeine and alcohol exposure in a binge-like, mouse …
Sex Differences In The Play Of African Elephant Calves (Loxodonta Africana) In Captivity, Samantha Ruppert
Sex Differences In The Play Of African Elephant Calves (Loxodonta Africana) In Captivity, Samantha Ruppert
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
African elephants (Loxodonta africana) live in a tiered society, with hundreds of elephants in a population (Moss, Croze, & Lee, 2011). Calves below eight years of age are within five meters of their mother 80% of the time, but spend a fair amount of time with other calves (Moss et al., 2011). Calf play in the first year of life includes: pushing each other’s heads (sparring), wrestling, and chasing. These activities prepare each sex for its adult role (Shoshani, 2000). I predicted that male and female calves would have different, but overlapping, behavioral repertoires and the behavior of elephant calves …
Individualized Music Improves Social Interaction Of Women, But Not Men, With Dementia, Emily Farrer, Diana Hilycord
Individualized Music Improves Social Interaction Of Women, But Not Men, With Dementia, Emily Farrer, Diana Hilycord
Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research
Dementia is tragic both for patients with the disease and for their family members. As this neurodegenerative disorder progresses, cognitive functions deteriorate, agitation and aggression increase, and mood worsens (McDermott, Orrell, et al., 2014; Spiro, 2010; Vasionyté & Madison, 2013). Non-pharmacological approaches, such as active music therapy or passive music listening, can be effective in reducing these symptoms. However, no past studies have examined how music listening affects the social interactions of patients with dementia. As such, this study examined whether nursing home residents with dementia are more engaged and interactive if they listen to individually selected music for 15 …