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Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Do Explicit Estimates Of Angular Declination Become Ungrounded In The Presence Of A Ground Plane?, Umi I. Keezing , '19, Frank H. Durgin
Do Explicit Estimates Of Angular Declination Become Ungrounded In The Presence Of A Ground Plane?, Umi I. Keezing , '19, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
In a series of seven experiments (total N = 220), it is shown that explicit angular declination judgments are influenced by the presence of a ground plane in the background. This is of theoretical importance because it bears on the interpretation of the relationship between angular declination and perceived distance on a ground plane. Explicit estimates of ground distance are consistent with a simple 1.5 gain in the underlying perceived angular declination function. The experiments show that, in general, functions of estimates of perceived angular declination have a slope of 1.5, but that an additional intercept can often be observed …
Assessing Sexual Orientation Symptoms In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Development And Validation Of The Sexual Orientation Obsessions And Reactions Test (Sort), M. T. Williams, T. H. W. Ching, G. Tellawi, Jedidiah Siev, J. Dowell, V. Schauldt, J. C. Slimowicz, C. T. Wetterneck
Assessing Sexual Orientation Symptoms In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Development And Validation Of The Sexual Orientation Obsessions And Reactions Test (Sort), M. T. Williams, T. H. W. Ching, G. Tellawi, Jedidiah Siev, J. Dowell, V. Schauldt, J. C. Slimowicz, C. T. Wetterneck
Psychology Faculty Works
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) includes many symptom presentations, which creates unique diagnostic challenges. Fears surrounding one’s sexual orientation are common within OCD (also called SO-OCD), but SO-OCD is consistently misdiagnosed by physicians and psychologists. To address this issue, we describe the development of a self-report measure for assessing SO-OCD to help distinguish OCD from distress caused by a sexual orientation identity crisis. The current paper details two studies that established the psychometric properties and clinical utility of this measure. In Study 1, the factor structure, validity, and reliability were examined for the measure’s 12 items in a sample of 1,673 university …
Effects Of Organization And Disorganization On Pleasantness, Calmness, And The Frontal Negativity In The Event-Related Potential, Sandra Langeslag
Effects Of Organization And Disorganization On Pleasantness, Calmness, And The Frontal Negativity In The Event-Related Potential, Sandra Langeslag
Psychology Faculty Works
A preference for organization is associated with several disorders, but is widespread in the general population as well. It remains unclear whether organization and various degrees of disorganization elicit pleasant or unpleasant feelings (i.e., valence), calming or arousing feelings (i.e., arousal), and a frontal negativity in the event-related potential (ERP) related to cognitive control. This study tested how organization, slight disorganization, and total disorganization affect valence, arousal, and the frontal negativity. Participants passively viewed organized, slightly disorganized, totally disorganized, and control pictures while their electroencephalogram was recorded. They also rated the valence and arousal elicited by each picture and completed …
Network Changes Associated With Transdiagnostic Depressive Symptom Improvement Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Mdd And Ptsd, Steven Bruce, Zhen Yang, Shi Gu, Nicolas Honnorat, Kristin Linn, Russell Shinohara, Irem Aselcioglu, Desmond Oathes, Christos Davatzikos, Theodore Satterthwaite, Danielle Bassett, Yvette Sheline
Network Changes Associated With Transdiagnostic Depressive Symptom Improvement Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Mdd And Ptsd, Steven Bruce, Zhen Yang, Shi Gu, Nicolas Honnorat, Kristin Linn, Russell Shinohara, Irem Aselcioglu, Desmond Oathes, Christos Davatzikos, Theodore Satterthwaite, Danielle Bassett, Yvette Sheline
Psychology Faculty Works
Despite widespread use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in clinical practice, its mechanisms with respect to brain networks remain sparsely described. In this study, we applied tools from graph theory and network science to better understand the transdiagnostic neural mechanisms of this treatment for depression. A sample of 64 subjects was included in a study of network dynamics: 33 patients (15 MDD, 18 PTSD) received longitudinal fMRI resting state scans before and after 12 weeks of CBT. Depression severity was rated on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Thirty-one healthy controls were included to determine baseline network roles. Univariate and …
Brief Mindfulness Meditation Improves Attention In Novices: Evidence From Erps And Moderation By Neuroticism, Catherine Norris, Daniel R. Creem , '16, R. Hendler, H. Kober
Brief Mindfulness Meditation Improves Attention In Novices: Evidence From Erps And Moderation By Neuroticism, Catherine Norris, Daniel R. Creem , '16, R. Hendler, H. Kober
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Past research has found that mindfulness meditation training improves executive attention. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have indicated that this effect could be driven by more efficient allocation of resources on demanding attentional tasks, such as the Flanker Task and the Attention Network Test (ANT). However, it is not clear whether these changes depend on long-term practice. In two studies, we sought to investigate the effects of a brief, 10-min meditation session on attention in novice meditators, compared to a control activity. We also tested moderation by individual differences in neuroticism and the possible underlying neural mechanisms driving these effects, using ERPs. …
Does Perceived Angular Declination Contribute To Perceived Optical Slant On Level Ground?, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Does Perceived Angular Declination Contribute To Perceived Optical Slant On Level Ground?, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
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When one looks at a spot on level ground, the local optical slant (i.e., surface orientation relative to the line of sight) is geometrically equivalent to the angular declination (i.e., sagittal visual direction relative to horizontal). In theory, angular declination provides an unbiased proximal source of information for estimating optical slant on level ground. Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether human visual systems take advantage of this information. An aspect ratio task was used as an implicit measure for assessing perceived optical slant. Participants gave verbal estimates of the perceived aspect ratio of an L-shaped arrangement, formed by three …
Neural And Behavioral Correlates Of Negative Self‐Focused Thought Associated With Depression, Carissa Philippi, M. Cornejo, Carlton Frost, Erin Walsh, Roxanne Hoks, Rasmus Birn, Heather Abercrombie
Neural And Behavioral Correlates Of Negative Self‐Focused Thought Associated With Depression, Carissa Philippi, M. Cornejo, Carlton Frost, Erin Walsh, Roxanne Hoks, Rasmus Birn, Heather Abercrombie
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Mind, Rationality, And Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Debate, N. Chater, T. Felin, D. C. Funder, G. Gigerenzer, J. J. Koenderink, J. I. Krueger, D. Noble, S. A. Nordli, M. Oaksford, Barry Schwartz, K. E. Stanovich, P. M. Todd
Mind, Rationality, And Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Debate, N. Chater, T. Felin, D. C. Funder, G. Gigerenzer, J. J. Koenderink, J. I. Krueger, D. Noble, S. A. Nordli, M. Oaksford, Barry Schwartz, K. E. Stanovich, P. M. Todd
Psychology Faculty Works
This article features an interdisciplinary debate and dialogue about the nature of mind, perception, and rationality. Scholars from a range of disciplines—cognitive science, applied and experimental psychology, behavioral economics, and biology—offer critiques and commentaries of a target article by Felin, Koenderink, and Krueger (2017): “Rationality, Perception, and the All-Seeing Eye,” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. The commentaries raise a number of criticisms and issues concerning rationality and the all-seeing-eye argument, including the nature of judgment and reasoning, biases versus heuristics, organism–environment relations, perception and situational construal, equilibrium analysis in economics, efficient markets, and the nature of empirical observation and the scientific …
Development Of Body Emotion Perception In Infancy_ From Discrimination To Recognition.Pdf, Alison Heck, Alyson Chroust, Hannah White, Rachel Jubran, Ramesh Bhatt
Development Of Body Emotion Perception In Infancy_ From Discrimination To Recognition.Pdf, Alison Heck, Alyson Chroust, Hannah White, Rachel Jubran, Ramesh Bhatt
Psychology Faculty Works
Research suggests that infants progress from discrimination to recognition of emotions in faces during the first half year of life. It is whether the perception of emotions from bodies develops in a similar manner. In the current study, when presented with happy and angry body videos and voices, 5-month-olds looked longer at the matching video when they were presented upright but not when they were inverted. In contrast, 3.5-month-olds failed to match even with upright videos. Thus, 5-month-olds but not 3.5-month-olds exhibited evidence of recognition of emotions from bodies by demonstrating intermodal matching. In a subsequent experiment, younger infants did …
Identifying Moderators Of Response To The Penn Resiliency Program: A Synthesis Study, S. M. Brunwasser, Jane Gillham
Identifying Moderators Of Response To The Penn Resiliency Program: A Synthesis Study, S. M. Brunwasser, Jane Gillham
Psychology Faculty Works
To identify moderators of a cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program’s effect on depressive symptoms among youth in early adolescence, data from three randomized controlled trials of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) were aggregated to maximize statistical power and sample diversity (N = 1145). Depressive symptoms, measured with the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs 1992), were assessed at six common time points over two-years of follow-up. Latent growth curve models evaluated whether PRP and control conditions differed in the rate of change in CDI and whether youth- and family-level characteristics moderated intervention effects. Model-based recursive partitioning was used as a supplementary analysis …
Aging Is Associated With A Prefrontal Lateral-Medial Shift During Picture-Induced Negative Affect, C. M. Van Reekum, S. M. Schaefer, R. C. Lapate, Catherine Norris, P. A. Tun, M. E. Lachman, C. A. Ryff, R. J. Davidson
Aging Is Associated With A Prefrontal Lateral-Medial Shift During Picture-Induced Negative Affect, C. M. Van Reekum, S. M. Schaefer, R. C. Lapate, Catherine Norris, P. A. Tun, M. E. Lachman, C. A. Ryff, R. J. Davidson
Psychology Faculty Works
The capacity to adaptively respond to negative emotion is in part dependent upon lateral areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Lateral PFC areas are particularly susceptible to age-related atrophy, which affects executive function (EF). We used structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to test the hypothesis that older age is associated with greater medial PFC engagement during processing of negative information, and that this engagement is dependent upon the integrity of grey matter structure in lateral PFC as well as EF. Participants (n = 64, 38–79 years) viewed negative and neutral scenes while in the scanner, and completed cognitive …
Differential Angular Expansion In Perceived Direction In Azimuth And Elevation Are Yoked To The Presence Of A Perceived Ground Plane, Frank H. Durgin, Umi I. Keezing , '19
Differential Angular Expansion In Perceived Direction In Azimuth And Elevation Are Yoked To The Presence Of A Perceived Ground Plane, Frank H. Durgin, Umi I. Keezing , '19
Psychology Faculty Works
It has been proposed that perceived angular direction relative to straight-ahead is exaggerated in perception, and that this exaggeration is greater in elevation (or declination) than in azimuth. Prior research has suggested that exaggerations in elevation may be tied to the presence of a visual ground plane, but there have been mixed results across studies using different methods of dissociation. In the present study, virtual environments were used to dissociate visual from gravitational upright while human participants (N = 128) made explicit angular direction judgments relative to straight ahead. Across these experimental manipulations, observers were positioned either upright (Experiments 1A …
Setting The Stage: Gender, Sex, And Sexualities In Psychology, N. Dess, Jeanne Marecek, L. Bell
Setting The Stage: Gender, Sex, And Sexualities In Psychology, N. Dess, Jeanne Marecek, L. Bell
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
The Performative Movement In Social Science, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. Gergen
The Performative Movement In Social Science, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Human Essence: Toward A Relational Reconstruction, Kenneth J. Gergen
Human Essence: Toward A Relational Reconstruction, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
This chapter opens with a social constructionist perspective on human essences. As proposed, essences are not given in nature, but constructed within cultural traditions. Thus, the major challenge is not that of “getting it right” about the essence, but generating accounts that may contribute to society. A criterion of reflective pragmatism is proposed in which questions of contribution and critique prevail. In this light the chapter places in critical light the bio-cognitive and neurological explanations of human nature, especially focusing on the ideological and political implications of these orientations. In contrast, discussion opens on relational conceptions of human essence. Several …
Social Psychology And Social Justice: Dilemmas, Dynamics, And Destinies, Kenneth J. Gergen
Social Psychology And Social Justice: Dilemmas, Dynamics, And Destinies, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
The emergence of this handbook on social justice represents a groundbreaking event in the history of social psychology. In this summary discussion, I outline significant limits to social justice work embedded in the empiricist tradition of inquiry and point to ways in which the current work transcends these limits. However, I also view the present endeavors as in a fledgling state. In the service of enriching and rendering these pursuits more effective, I discuss five domains in which tensions currently prevail and suggest directions for future undertakings. Challenges are discussed in terms of epistemological schisms, presumed ontologies, value pluralism, explanatory …
Gender, Sex, And Sexualities: Psychological Perspectives, N. Dess, Jeanne Marecek, L. Bell
Gender, Sex, And Sexualities: Psychological Perspectives, N. Dess, Jeanne Marecek, L. Bell
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For decades, the field of gender, sex, and sexualities has been a focal point of increasing interest. This inquiry has been ignited by successive waves of dramatic social change, chief among them: the re-emergence of feminist movements in the U.S. and Europe in the late 1960s; the sustained (and increasingly successful) bids for legal, social, and religious acceptance of non-heterosexual sexualities in many parts of the world; and the burgeoning number of people (whether cisgendered, gender-variant, trans, or questioning) whose individual and collective experiences of gender and sexuality warrant deeper understanding and further progress toward a fuller realization of human …
Foreword: Why Business Needs Virtue, Barry Schwartz
Foreword: Why Business Needs Virtue, Barry Schwartz
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Qualitative Psychology And The New Pluralism, Kenneth J. Gergen
Qualitative Psychology And The New Pluralism, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
The burgeoning of the qualitative movement—both in psychology and the social sciences more generally—represents a major transformation in the landscape of inquiry. Reflection on this movement, both its potentials and its problems, is essential. In the present offering, I focus on a particularly significant characteristic of the qualitative movement thus far, its profound pluralism. At the outset, it is important to recognize the dependency of this movement on the deterioration of logical empiricism in social science research, and the absence of any foundational replacement. Thus, qualitative researchers have been liberated not only to employ research practices from multiple traditions, but …
Analogical Reasoning, Stella Christie
Analogical Reasoning, Stella Christie
Psychology Faculty Works
Analogical reasoning is the ability to perceive and use relational commonality between two situations. Most commonly, analogy involves mapping relational structures from a familiar (base situation to an unfamiliar situation (target). For example, solving the analogy “chicken is to chick like tiger is to___?” requires perceiving the relation parent–offspring in the base domain (chicken:chick) and mapping the same relation to the target (tiger:__?) to get to the answer cub. Relational similarity is the crux of analogical reasoning; what is crucial here is the sameness of the relation, not of other similarities—chickens and tigers do not look alike.
The Social Construction Of Reality: Traces And Transformation, Kenneth J. Gergen
The Social Construction Of Reality: Traces And Transformation, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
Gergen provides a reflection on the intellectual context in which The Social Construction of Reality emerged and the subsequent transformation taking place in assumptions and practices. As he proposes, while the Berger and Luckmann thesis provided a major catalyst to the emerging dialogues, subsequent developments in critical theory, literary and rhetorical theory and the history of science added vital dimensions to understanding. The earlier emphasis on social phenomenology was largely eclipsed by a concern with the linguistic construction of reality; discussions of social structure and individual experience were largely replaced by a focus on the social or dialogic construction of …
The Place Of Culture In Psychology: A Social Constructionist Standpoint, Kenneth J. Gergen
The Place Of Culture In Psychology: A Social Constructionist Standpoint, Kenneth J. Gergen
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Tensions between various approaches to culture in psychology have been intense. Critique across the various approaches has led to alienation and isolation. As I propose, by removing the vision of “truth making” in psychology we also remove the barriers to mutual understanding and appreciation. If we understand accounts of culture as social constructions, themselves wedded to their cultures of origin, we realize the advantages of multiple perspectives. We solve previously insoluble dilemmas, sharpen our critical perspectives, and open up new potentials for interpretation and action.
Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training For Suicidal And Heavy Drinkers, Chelsey Wilks, Qingqing Yin, Sin Yee Ang, Brandon Matsumiya, Anita Lungu, Marsha Linehan
Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training For Suicidal And Heavy Drinkers, Chelsey Wilks, Qingqing Yin, Sin Yee Ang, Brandon Matsumiya, Anita Lungu, Marsha Linehan
Psychology Faculty Works
Background: The need to develop effective and accessible interventions for suicidal individuals engaging in heavy episodic drinking (HED) cannot be understated. While the link between alcohol use and suicidality is a complex one that remains to be elucidated, emotion dysregulation may play a key role in alcohol-related suicide risk in these individuals. Objective: In the current study, an 8-week Internet-delivered dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training intervention was developed and preliminarily evaluated for suicidal individuals who engage in HED to regulate emotions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the therapist-assisted and Internet-delivered intervention, …
Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Carissa Philippi, Vishal Samboju, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour
Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Carissa Philippi, Vishal Samboju, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour
Psychology Faculty Works
Background: HIV RNA is identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within eight days of estimated viral exposure. Neurological findings and impaired neuropsychological testing performance are documented in a subset of individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural white matter and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are disrupted in AHI.Methods: We examined 49 AHI (100% male; mean age = 30 ± SD 9.9) and 23 HIV-uninfected Thai participants (78% male; age = 30 ± 5.5) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and rsFC acquired at 3 Tesla, and four neuropsychological tests (summarized as NPZ-4). MRI …
Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Vishal Samboju, Carissa Philippi, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour, Rv Teams
Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Vishal Samboju, Carissa Philippi, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour, Rv Teams
Psychology Faculty Works
Background:HIV RNA is identified in cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) within eightdays of estimated viral exposure. Neurological findings and impaired neuropsychological testing performance are documented in a subset of individuals with acuteHIV infection (AHI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural white matter and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are disruptedin AHI.Methods:We examined 49 AHI (100% male; mean age = 30 ± SD 9.9) and 23 HIV-uninfected Thai participants (78% male; age = 30 ± 5.5) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and rsFC acquired at 3 Tesla, and four neuropsychological tests (summarized as NPZ-4). MRI for the AHI group was performed …
Psychopathic Traits Linked To Alterations In Neural Activity During Personality Judgments Of Self And Others, Philip Deming, Carissa Philippi, Richard Wolf, Monika Dargis, Kent Kiehl, Michael Koenigs
Psychopathic Traits Linked To Alterations In Neural Activity During Personality Judgments Of Self And Others, Philip Deming, Carissa Philippi, Richard Wolf, Monika Dargis, Kent Kiehl, Michael Koenigs
Psychology Faculty Works
Psychopathic individuals are notorious for their grandiose sense of self-worth and disregard for the welfare of others. One potential psychological mechanism underlying these traits is the relative consideration of “self” versus “others”. Here we used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neural responses during personality trait judgments about oneself and a familiar other in a sample of adult male incarcerated offenders (n = 57). Neural activity was regressed on two clusters of psychopathic traits: Factor 1 (e.g., egocentricity and lack of empathy) and Factor 2 (e.g., impulsivity and irresponsibility). Contrary to our hypotheses, Factor 1 scores were not …
Dataset : Effects Of Organization And Disorganization On Pleasantness, Calmness, And The Frontal Negativity In The Event-Related Potential, Sandra Langeslag
Dataset : Effects Of Organization And Disorganization On Pleasantness, Calmness, And The Frontal Negativity In The Event-Related Potential, Sandra Langeslag
Psychology Faculty Works
A preference for organization is associated with several disorders, but is widespread in the general population as well. It remains unclear whether organization and various degrees of disorganization elicit pleasant or unpleasant feelings (i.e., valence), calming or arousing feelings (i.e., arousal), and a frontal negativity in the event-related potential (ERP) related to cognitive control. This study tested how organization, slight disorganization, and total disorganization affect valence, arousal, and the frontal negativity. Participants passively viewed organized, slightly disorganized, totally disorganized, and control pictures while their electroencephalogram was recorded. They also rated the valence and arousal elicited by each picture and completed …
Review Of "In Pursuit Of The Good Life: Aspiration And Suicide In Globalizing South India" By J. L. Chua, Jeanne Marecek
Review Of "In Pursuit Of The Good Life: Aspiration And Suicide In Globalizing South India" By J. L. Chua, Jeanne Marecek
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.