Other Economics Commons^™

Analysis Of The Causal Link Between Economic Growth And Development In Nigeria (1960-2019), Muhammad Umar

Bullion

Taking cognizant of Nigeria's recent policies toward translating growth to meaningful development, this study aimed at analysing causality amid economic growth and development using annual series from 1960-2019.The study engaged vector autoregressive method by embracing Toda and Yamamoto 1995 model. The results reveals a bidirectional causality between economic growth and dependency ratio; population growth rate and economic growth and also it reveals the evidence of uni-directional causality from dependency ratio to life expectancy and from population growth to life expectancy. But economic growth and life expectancy as well as dependency ratio and life expectancy does not present evidence of causality.

Analysis Of The Impact Of Central Bank Of Nigeria's Agricultural Intervention Funds On The Economy, E. T. Adamgbe, M. C. Belonwu, E. R. Ochu, I. I. Okafor

Economic and Financial Review

This paper set out to investigate the impact of Central Bank of Nigeria's interventions on the agricultural sector within an economy-wide framework of general equilibrium modelling. The paper adopted a dynamic (recursive), two-sector general equilibrium model of the Nigerian economy with some modifications on the standard model developed by the Centre for Econometric and Applied Research (CEAR) and incorporated the contributions of the CBN's agricultural based interventions as increases in the stock of agricultural capital to have a more robust size of interventions into the agricultural sector. The SAM used for the CGE model analysis was derived from the updated …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2014, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

Annual Report and Financial Statements of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for the year ended 31st December, 2014. In general, 2014 has been a very eventful and challenging year for the Bank, the country, and the world at large. In the course of the year, the Bank underwent significant changes in its governance composition. In 2014, the global economy witnessed considerable vulnerabilities characterized by fragile growth and weak economic outlook. Global growth recovery was modest and continued to be threatened by strong downside risks, as a result of sharp drop in commodity prices, escalating geo-political tensions, and heightening threats …

Central Bank Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December, 2009, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for the Year Ended 31st December, 2009 revealed that the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 6.7% YoY, compared to 6.0% in the previous year. This growth was driven by the non-oil sector, with the non-oil GDP growth rate of 8.3%. Within the non-oil sector, the agricultural sub-sector grew by 6.2%, while the whole-sector and retail sectors recorded growth rates of 11.5 and 10.5 per cent, respectively. The robust output recorded during the previous three years was driven by the government's optimism, which reflected in the oil …

Understanding Nominal Anchor: A Case Study Of Central Bank Of Nigeria, A. Bamidele

Bullion

As a country's monetary authority, a central bank is responsible for the conduct of monetary policy. This onerous process begins with developing a plan of action of employing interest rates or controlling the money stock to influence the economy. The focus of monetary policy is to safeguard the value of the domestic currency in terms of what it can purchase as a basis of providing a framework for the achievement of wider government economic objectives of non-inflationary economic growth, employment, stable exchange rate, favourable balance of payments and more generally a stable financial environment for the economy. In view of …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2007, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 2007, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) faced significant challenges in monetary management due to statutory allocations to government tiers, autonomous foreign exchange inflows, and pre-election spending. These challenges were addressed through Open Market Operations (OMO), issuance of treasury securities, standing facilities, and foreign exchange swaps. The introduction of the monetary policy rate (MPR) in December 2006 moderated inter-bank rates, encouraged trading, and improved the transmission of monetary policy actions. The Bank intensified its non-regular management activities to ensure the Policy Support Instrument (PSI) target was met. The financial system at end-2007 comprised the CBN, the Nigeria Deposit Insurance …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2006, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

This Report reviews the operations of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and macroeconomic developments during the fiscal year 2006 and appraises the major economic policy outcomes during the period. The Bank reported a stable foreign exchange market in 2006, with an average effective official exchange rate of N 128.65 per U.S dollar, an increase of 2.6% over 2005. The stock of external reserves, valued at US$12.30 billion, was 49.6% higher than in 2005, driven by high crude oil prices and lower debt-service burden. The reserves were equivalent to 28.4 months of import cover, exceeding the 6 months requirement under …

Banking Sector Reforms And Bank Consolidation: Conceptual Framework., Moses Ajayi

Bullion

Reforms are predicated upon the need for reorientation and repositioning of an existing status quo in order to attain an effective and efficient state The objective of this paper is, therefore, to present the conceptual framework for banking sector reforms. particularly, consolidation. The paper is divided into five sections. following the introduction, section ll conceptualizes the facets of reforms and conceptual issues on consolidation in the banking sector, while section ll discusses the critical success issues in banking sector consolidation. section IV presents concepts associated with country elements of banking elements of banking reforms, while section five concludes the paper. …

Banking Sector Reforms And Bank Consolidation: The Turkey Experience., U. M. Ogubunka

Bullion

Countries reform their banking sectors for a number of reasons, including structural, capitalization and ownership issues. Consequently, the objectives of the reforms can hardly be the same in all countries. This paper is presented on the basis that an overview of the banking reform in the lessons Nigeria could learn from it. The paper is structured into seven sections. the next section following this introduction identifies some of the key features of Turkish banking system pre-reform era of 2001, section three deals on the drivers of banking reform in the country. section four reviews some of the actions taken in …

Challenges Of Banking Sector Reforms And Bank Consolidation In Nigeria., Odufu I. Imala

Bullion

This paper intended to look at the number of reforms that have since been created, several of them was intended to enhance the risk management capability of both the regulated institutions and the regulators. the current reforms are part of the broader and on-going national economic reforms. This paper x-rays the challenges envisaged in their implementation. Following the introduction, section 2 examines the role of the banking system in the economy, while section 3 provides the rationale for the reforms in Nigeria. Section 4, the reform agenda is discussed with a brief on the journey so far. Section 5 identifies …

Post-Consolidation Challenges., Biodun Adedipe

Bullion

This paper tend to look at the huge complexity of a consolidation programme of the kind embarked upon by the CBN demands caution, constant reappraisal of strategies and actions, and full attention to the identified and emerging challenges. The paper is structured into three parts, dealing with the benefits of a properly conceived and effectively implemented consolidation programme, which has several components. beyond the benefits, the challenges that the banking industry stakeholders (especially the Central Bank of Nigeria) will face when the "dust settles". The final part offers some advice on what the CBN and other stakeholders should do in …

Non-Performing Assets Of The Banking System In Nigeria: Complementary Measures., Moses F. Otu

Bullion

The article examines the structure of the non-performing assets of the banking system in Nigeria with the view of ascertaining loan concentration. further attempt would be made to examine the causes of deteriorating assets and explore the complementary options for managing the non-performing loans. Following an introduction as section one, the rest of the paper is thus: section two focuses on definitional and conceptual issues, section three covers the literature review while section four addresses the methodology and trend of non- performing assets and the sectoral contributions. Section five, presents the complementary options and the concluding remarks. The study concluded …

Banking System Consolidation In Nigeria And Some Regional Experiences: Challenges And Prospects., Y A. Bello

Bullion

This paper examines banking sector development in Nigeria from the Structural Adjustment era of the mid-1980s and the current reforms taking place in the financial service industry in terms of consolidation. In addition, the paper tries assess the banking system consolidation in Nigeria and the challenges and prospects expected. The paper is structured into six parts. following this introduction\, the part two discusses an overview of the banking system in Nigeria. part three reviews some regional experiences, while part four evaluates banking system consolidation in Nigeria and part five examines the challenges and prospects. while part six, summarizes and concludes …

Government Fiscal Policy In 1996/1997: Implications For Economic Development And Survival Of Banks., Sarah Omotunde Alade

Bullion

The paper highlights the implications of fiscal policies in the economy and the survival of banks. It provide a broad overview of the impact of the fiscal policies adopted in 1996 and 1997 and its implications for development. The current fiscal policies are predicated on the 1995 budget, the discussion of the effect of fiscal policies on the economy will start from 1995 when the present fiscal policy stance of government began. The structure of the paper is as follows. The introduction, followed by the conceptual role of fiscal policy in an economy, while section III looks at the fiscal …

Central Bank Of Nigeria, Monetary, Credit, Foreign Trade And Exchange Policy Guidelines For 1997 Fiscal Year., Central Bank Of Nigeria Central Bank Of Nigeria

Bullion

This paper contains the outlines of the monetary, credit, foreign trade and exchange policy guidelines for banks and other financial institutions in Nigeria during fiscal 1997. The circular is structured into three sections and Appendix. Section one reviews developments in the economy and the policy environment in 1996 and thus provides the background to the policy measures for 1997. While section two outlines the monetary and credit policy measures and guidelines for banks and other financial institutions. The foreign trade and exchange policy measures for 1997 are highlighted in section three and lastly a list of prohibited import and export …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1994, Nigeria faced economic challenges such as declining GDP growth, inflation, and a weakened external sector due to expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, political unrest, and labor issues. Despite this, the global economy saw stronger recovery in industrialized countries and developing regions like Asia and Latin America. The Nigerian economy struggled with slow growth, manufacturing decline, rising inflation, large budget deficit, and weakened external sector performance. Efforts to stabilize the exchange rate were hindered by differences between official and unofficial market rates. Internationally, there were improvements in the world economy with higher growth rates in developed and developing countries. …

A Review And Appraisal Of Nigeria's Experience With Financial Sector Reform, M. O. Ojo

CBN Occasional Papers

The primary aim of the paper Is to highlight the policy reforms In Nigeria's financial sector since 1986, assess the results of the reform programme, and Identify the lessons that can be learned from the policy initiatives. The reform package was introduced in 1986 against the background of prolonged macro-economic distortions and economic deterioration, especially during the first half of the 1980s. Financial sector reforms under the aegis of the Structural Adjustment Programme were designed to induce more domestic savings and reduce the distortions in investment decisions. To this end, measures were introduced between 1986 and 1992 (the period covered …

Entral Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

The Nigerian economy showed improvement in 1989 compared to 1988. Economic Growth: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 4.0%, driven by growth in agriculture and industry. The overall balance of payments moved from a deficit to a surplus, largely due to a significant increase in crude oil exports. The unemployment rate declined slightly, with more jobs created through government programs. Nigeria's external assets increased significantly, reflecting a deliberate policy to build official reserves. Inflation: Despite some improvement, inflationary pressures remained high, with domestic prices rising by 40.9%. Stagnant Manufacturing: Manufacturing production grew at a slow pace due to high production …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1986, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

CBN annual report and statement of accounts for 1986 covers economic performance including key economic indicators such as inflation rate, GDP growth, exchange rate stability, banking sector performance, monetary policy, financial stability, fiscal policy, and regulatory updates for 1986. The development in 1986 were mixed. The GDP at constant 1977/78 factor cost was estimated at N25,290 million, representing a decline of 3.3 per cent and the decline was largely due to poor performance of the manufacturing, crude petroleum, wholesale and retail trade sectors. The trajectory of monetary aggregates was relatively in the download direction. Money supply indicated a 1.2 per …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1983, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1983, Nigeria's economy experienced severe stagflation, with GDP falling by 4.4%, more than the 3.4% decline recorded in 1982. Domestic inflation was 23.2%, more than three times the 7.7% recorded in 1982. The external sector also suffered from the general malaise, with the recorded value of external trade falling from N21.3 billion in 1982 to N17.3 billion in 1983. Agricultural production fell sharply due to severe droughts, bush fires, and diseases/pest infestations in livestock and crops. The volume of primary commercial energy consumed increased, with the index going up by 4.4% in 1983. Inflationary pressures intensified due to the …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Account For The Year Ended 31st December, 1982, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

The economic slowdown in 1981-1982 led to a decline in mineral and export crop production, with crude oil production falling from 1.440 million barrels in 1981 to 1.29 million barrels in 1982. The Central Bank of Nigeria business survey showed increased manufacturing sales and inventories of finished goods. Inflation decelerated to its lowest level since 1973, mainly due to reduced monetary expansion and increased production of staple food, livestock products, and fish. The money supply rose by 5.6% in 1980 and 3.1% in 1982, but the government sector's share in bank credit increased. The Gross National Product of all industrialized …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Account For The Year Ended 31st December 1981, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1981, Nigeria's economy experienced a 7.9% decline in industrial production, primarily due to a decline in mining production, particularly petroleum. Manufacturing output increased by 5.7%, while agricultural production showed some improvement. Inflation worsened, with the composite consumer price index rising by 20.8%. Monetary expansion slowed down, but a 5.6% increase was recorded at the end of the year. The aggregate banking system's credit to the economy increased by 5.8%, with the Federal Government budgeting for current services. The external sector experienced a large balance of payments deficit, resulting in a drawdown of the nation's reserves. The world economy slowed …

Central Bank Marches Forward, Ola O. Vincent

Bullion

This paper by the Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria, Mr. Ola Vincent highlights major developments in the organization, structure and management practices of the Bank. The feature is an extract from the Governor's address at the Branch Controllers' Conference held in October, 1978.

Development Of Manpower, A. O.G Otiti

Bullion

The paper examines the manpower problems of the Nigerian banking industry and further highlights the role of central banks, commercial and merchant banks and tertiary institutions in manpower development. The paper makes useful suggestions as to how to improve the situation and recommended the establishment of central bank training school.

The Banking Environment, S. O. Ogundipe

Bullion

The paper is a lecture delivered by Mr. S. O. Ogundipe at the 13th Annual Banking Seminar. The paper presents an overview of the banking environment in Nigeria categorizing them in three phases namely: phase I (period up to 1960), Phase ll (1970- 1976), and phase III (blame for banks). The paper further propose for reform of the banking system.

The Role Of Insurance Institutions, Yinka Lijadu

Bullion

The paper is a lecture at the 13th Annual Banking Seminar. It explains the role of insurance as it affects the supply and demand for money in the Nigerian financial system and the possible effect of the new monetary guidelines on the fund of NICON Insurance Limited.

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Cbn Can Further Aid The Economic Development Of Cross River State, Babatunde Elegbede

Bullion

The paper is an excerpt from the speech of Captain Babatunde Elegbede, Military Administrator of Cross River State during the opening ceremony of the Calabar Branch of the Central Bank of Nigeria.

Evaluation Of Price Control And Price Intelligence Agency At Work, F. U. Ezeuduji

Bullion

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of price regulation in Nigeria and the role played by Price Intelligence Agency. it also provides some that a new body should be given the poranr and hecessary fund not only to study the price structure and price movements an the economy but also to study the supply and demand potentials in the economy with a view to forecasting the demand and supply position to be expected in the near future.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1965, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

CBN Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for 1965 discussed the economic performance of Nigeria with emphasis on inflation rate, GDP growth, exchange rate stability, banking sector performance, monetary policy, financial stability, fiscal policy, and regulatory updates. Two major developments dominated the world economic scene in 1965. One was the overall slowdown of economic expansion in most industrialized countries. The other was the overall contraction in the growth rate of world trade and in the flow of international capital. Due to the problem of balance of payment disequilibrium, the industrialized countries intensified economic measures to achieve internal stability and equilibrium …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1964, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

CBN annual report and statement of accounts for 1964 covers economic performance including key economic indicators such as inflation rate, GDP growth, exchange rate stability, banking sector performance, monetary policy, financial stability, fiscal policy, and regulatory updates for 1964. Export earnings of the developing countries rose during 1964, reflecting a continuing upswing in economic activity in the industrial countries. The rate of increase, however, was somewhat slower than in 1963. The share of the developing countries in total world exports in 1964, however, amounted to 22.1 per cent as compared with 22.9 per cent in 1963. World exports rose substantially …