Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Rethinking Scholarship: Implications For The Nursing Academic Workforce, Kylie M. Smith, Patrick A. Crookes

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

The Dual Diagnosis Capability Of Residential Addiction Treatment Centres: Priorities And Confidence To Improve Capability Following A Review Process, Harold Matthews, Peter Kelly, Frank P. Deane

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract Introduction and Aims. The Dual Diagnosis Capability of Addiction Treatment (DDCAT) index is used to assess the capacity of substance abuse services to work with individuals with co-occurring mental health problems. The current study aimed to: (i) examine the dual diagnosis capability of residential substance abuse programs in Australia; (ii) identify managers’ perceptions regarding both priorities and confidence for change following the completion of the DDCAT; and (iii) to examine the usefulness of the DDCAT to residential substance abuse programs. Design and Methods. The DDCAT was completed across 16 residential substance abuse units.An external researcher administered and scored the …

Realism And The State Of Theory In Psychology, Nigel Mackay, Agnes Petocz

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Australian Healthy Eating Index Is Associated With Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 And Folate Biomarkers, Ali Sadeghpour, Jo Russell, Vicki Flood, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

The Oxygen Cost Of Wearing Firefighters’ Personal Protective Equipment: Ralph Was Right!, Nigel A.S Taylor, Michael C. Lewis, Sean R. Notley, Gregory E. Peoples

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Dietary Glycaemic Index And Glycaemic Load Among Australian Children And Adolescents, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Anette E. Buyken, Kristina Heyer, Victoria M. Flood

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There are no published data regarding the overall dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) of Australian children and adolescents. We therefore aim to describe the dietary GI and GL of participants of the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2007ANCNPAS), and to identify the main foods contributing to their GL. Children, aged 2–16 years, who provided two 24 h recalls in the 2007ANCNPAS were included. A final dataset of 4184 participants was analysed. GI of each food item was assigned using a previously published method. GL was calculated, and food groups contributing to the GL …

Cognitive Ability, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, And Social Dominance Orientation: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study Amongst Adolescents, Patrick C. L. Heaven, Joseph Ciarrochi, Peter Leeson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

The Hollow-Face Illusion In Infancy: Do Infants See A Screen Based Rotating Hollow Mask As Hollow?, Aki Tsuruhara, Emi Nakato, Yumiko Otsuka, So Kanazawa, Masami K. Yamaguchi, Harold Hill

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We investigated whether infants experience the hollow-face illusion using a screen-based presentation of a rotating hollow mask. In experiment 1 we examined preferential looking between rotating convex and concave faces. Adults looked more at the concave—illusory convex—face which appears to counter rotate. Infants of 7- to 8-month-old infants preferred the convex face, and 5- to 6-month-olds showed no preference. While older infants discriminate, their preference differed from that of adults possibly because they don’t experience the illusion or counter rotation. In experiment 2 we tested preference in 7- to 8-month-olds for angled convex and concave static faces both before and …

The Quality Of Life Of People With Schizophrenia Living In The Community In Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, Amira Ali Alshowkan, Janette Curtis, Yvonne White

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Temporal Integration Of Movement: Fhe Time-Course Of Motion Streaks Revealed By Masking, David Alais, Deborah M. Apthorp, Aana Karmann, John Cass

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Temporal integration in the visual system causes fast-moving objects to leave oriented 'motion streaks' in their wake, which could be used to facilitate motion direction perception. Temporal integration is thought to occur over 100 ms in early cortex, although this has never been tested for motion streaks. Here we compare the ability of fast-moving ('streaky') and slow-moving fields of dots to mask briefly flashed gratings either parallel or orthogonal to the motion trajectory. Gratings were presented at various asynchronies relative to motion onset (from to ms) to sample the time-course of the accumulating streaks. Predictions were that masking would be …

Validation Of An Australian Electronic Food Frequency Questionnaire To Measure Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake, Monika Swierk, Peter G. Williams, Jennifer Wilcox, Kenneth G. Russell, Barbara J. Meyer

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To develop and validate a simple non-invasive method that estimates the intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a healthy adult population.

Methods: A new electronic PUFA food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was validated by comparison with a 3-d weighed food record and blood biomarkers (erythrocytes and plasma) using the method of triads model and tested for reproducibility. Healthy subjects were recruited from the local Illawarra Region, New South Wales, Australia.

Results: The PUFA FFQ adequately estimated intakes for eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, total long chain omega-3 PUFA, linoleic acid, total omega-6 PUFA, and total PUFA, which …

Consumption Of Long-Chain N-3 Pufa, Α-Linolenic Acid And Fish Is Associated With The Prevalence Of Chronic Kidney Disease, Bamini Gopinath, David Harris, Victoria Flood, George Burlutsky, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Due to the anti-inflammatory properties of PUFA, it has been suggested that they may protect against kidney damage in adults. However, relatively few epidemiological studies have examined this hypothesis in human subjects. We investigated the association between dietary intakes of PUFA (n-3, n-6 and α-linolenic acid), fish and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 2600 Blue Mountains Eye Study (1997-9) participants aged ≥ 50 years were analysed. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ, and PUFA and fish intakes were calculated. Baseline biochemistry including serum creatinine was measured. Moderate CKD was defined as an estimated …

Asthma And Ageing: An End User's Perspective- The Perception And Problems With The Management Of Asthma In The Elderly, Sandra C. Jones, Don Iverson, Pippa Burns, Uwana Evers, Peter Caputi, S. Morgan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite the high prevalence of asthma in the elderly, its development, diagnosis, and treatment are under-researched. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge in relation to management of asthma in the elderly – focusing on barriers to diagnosis and treatment and the central role of self-management. Asthma prevalence increases with age, as does the risk of dying from asthma, and with the ageing of the population and increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of (diagnosed and undiagnosed) asthma in older adults is expected to increase drastically, placing an increasing burden on sufferers, the community and health …

Vection In Depth During Consistent And Inconsistent Multisensory Stimulation, April Ash, Stephen Palmisano, Juno Kim

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We examined vection induced during physical or simulated head oscillation along either the horizontal or depth axis. In the first two experiments, during active conditions, subjects viewed radial-flow displays which simulated viewpoint oscillation that was either in-phase or out-of-phase with their own tracked head movements. In passive conditions, stationary subjects viewed playbacks of displays generated in earlier active conditions. A third control, experiment was also conducted where physical and simulated fore ^ aft oscillation was added to a lamellar flow display. Consistent with ecology, when active in-phase horizontal oscillation was added to a radial-flow display it modestly improved vection compared …

Reciprocal Signalling Between Nr2 Subunits Of The Nmda Receptor And Neuregulin 1 And Their Role In Schizophrenia, Amy Geddes, Xu-Feng Huang, Kelly A. Newell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Schizophrenia is a debilitating neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder. Both the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and neuregulin1 (NRG1) are key molecules involved in normal brain development that have been linked to schizophrenia pathology and aetiology. The NR2 proteins are critical structural and functional subunits of the NMDAR and are developmentally and spatially regulated. Altered NR2 gene and protein expression has been found in human post-mortem schizophrenia brain tissue together with changes in NRG1 and its receptor ErbB4. The NR2 subunits and ErbB4 share a common anchoring domain on the postsynaptic density and therefore a disruption to either of these molecules may influence the …

Optimizing Dietary Fat In A Weight-Loss Trial Requires Advice Based On A Structured "Whole-Of-Diet" Model, Lynda J. Ross, Linda C. Tapsell, Yasmine Probst

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Dietary trials may link macronutrient intakes to health outcomes, but adherence to dietary targets requires advice based on an understanding of food composition and consumption patterns. Using data from a weight loss trial, we hypothesized that structured advice would be required for significant fat modification to occur. We compared participants' food choice patterns in response to advice based on a structured “whole-of-diet” model vs a general approach to healthy eating. Overweight participants (n = 122) were randomized to 2 advice arms (saturated fat [SFA] < 10% energy [E]): (1) general low fat (LF) control—(a) isoenergy, (b) −2000 kJ; and (2) structured LF high polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) (∼10% energy PUFA; PUFA to SFA ratio ≥1) (LF-PUFA)—(a) isoenergy, (b) −2000 kJ. Intakes of E and fat and fat from food groups (percentage of total fat intake) were compared at baseline, 3 months, P < .05. Baseline diets were similar, with most fat from high-SFA foods (59%): meat and milk-based staple meals and high-fat snacks. By 3 months, all groups reduced E and met the SFA target. Polyunsaturated fat targets were met by the LF-PUFA groups only (P < .001), enabling targeted between-group differences. In response to general advice, LF groups simply switched to LF alternatives of the same foods (P < .05). In comparison, LF-PUFA groups shifted fat intake to high-PUFA choices (54%), consuming more fat than controls from nuts (P < .001), whole grains (P < .001), and oils and spreads (P < .05). Significant reductions in E were achieved regardless of advice, but significant shifts in dietary fat profile relied on structured whole-of-diet advice on a range of meal and snack food sources of fat subtypes.

Epidemiology Of Influenza-Like Illness During Pandemic (H1n1) 2009, New South Wales, Australia, David Muscatello, Margo Barr, Sarah Thackway, C. Raina Maclntyre

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

To rapidly describe the epidemiology of infl uenza-like illness (ILI) during the 2009 winter epidemic of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in New South Wales, Australia, we used results of a continuous population health survey. During July–September 2009, ILI was experienced by 23% of the population. Among these persons, 51% were unable to undertake normal duties for <3 days, 55% sought care at a general practice, and 5% went to a hospital. Factors independently associated with ILI were younger age, daily smoking, and obesity. Effectiveness of prepandemic seasonal vaccine was ≈20%. The high prevalence of risk factors associated with a substantially increased risk for ILI deserves greater recognition.