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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 31 - 60 of 386
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Life Of An Apology, Lilah M. Parker
The Life Of An Apology, Lilah M. Parker
Honors Projects
Apologies, the development of and the aftermath from, are present in almost all of society. For that reason, they are arguably one of the most interesting forms of human interaction. This paper will review various sources of literature in an attempt to understand what kind of power an apology holds, as well as where it comes from. This will be done, first by developing a familiarity with the psychology behind certain emotions that influence apology making behaviors. Focus will be placed specifically on the developmental psychology of self-conscious emotions and the idea of self-esteem. These ideas of self awareness and …
Child Exposure To Intimate Partner Violence In The Latin American Region, Gabriel Alvarado
Child Exposure To Intimate Partner Violence In The Latin American Region, Gabriel Alvarado
McNair Scholars Manuscripts
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health issue that harms thousands of families and communities across the globe. Unlike other forms of violence or criminal behavior, IPV is often concealed within the privacy of one's household, where the public cannot witness the occurrence of spousal abuse. Typically, more women are victims in an intimate relationship than men are based on recent research. However, there is a lack of research that investigates the vulnerability of a child who is exposed to IPV. This systematic literature review relates to the analysis and investigation of children exposed to IPV in Latin …
Two-Dimensional Machiavellianism And The Use Of Coping Strategies, Lily Kedzuch
Two-Dimensional Machiavellianism And The Use Of Coping Strategies, Lily Kedzuch
Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts
Once thought to be a unidimensional personality trait, recent research has advanced a two-dimensional model of Machiavellianism (Monaghan et al., 2020). The views dimension is associated with a cynical worldview whereas the tactics dimension relates to a willingness to engage in interpersonal exploitation for personal gain. The purpose of this study was to explore how these two dimensions are associated with coping strategies (Carver, 1997) in response to interpersonal stress as well as differences in life satisfaction (Kobau et al., 2010) and happiness (Lyubormirsky & Lepper, 1999). The sample (N = 253) was collected through Prolific, an online paid research …
Teaching Materialism Through Storytelling: A Collection Of Short Stories And Learning Materials, Zoie Zvonar, Katherine Arnold
Teaching Materialism Through Storytelling: A Collection Of Short Stories And Learning Materials, Zoie Zvonar, Katherine Arnold
Honors Projects
This collaborative projects seeks to combine the disciplines of psychology and writing into a collection of short stories and learning materials dedicated to teaching young students the psychological concept of materialism. In order to accomplish this goal, Zoie Zvonar and Katherine Arnold have designed and created a set of materials that seek to inform, educate, and instill in those young students what materialism is, how to recognize it in our own lives, its consequences, and potential strategies to lower high materialistic tendencies. Zoie Zvonar created the companion guide, learning activities for both students and instructors, and an additional resources list …
Neural Correlates Of Social Pain In Psychological Disorders: Implications For Educational Settings, Skye E. Johnson
Neural Correlates Of Social Pain In Psychological Disorders: Implications For Educational Settings, Skye E. Johnson
Honors Projects
Pain has long been defined as a multidimensional construct; in past research, not only have the physical and sensory aspects of pain been investigated, but also the cognitive and emotional aspects, which include the experience of social pain. This experience is generally accepted to be very distressing and can have adverse effects on one's mental health, especially for those with neurological disorders. In my paper, I examine the effects of social pain on brain activity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) as compared to those who are neurotypical. This research finds that while neurotypical …
Barriers To Bystander Interventions For Sexual Assault - Department Of Psychology Research Session, Tylor Kistler
Barriers To Bystander Interventions For Sexual Assault - Department Of Psychology Research Session, Tylor Kistler
Student Scholars Day Oral Presentations
Bystander intervention programs have consistently demonstrated beneficial effects on community norms and intervention behaviors (Kettrey, Marx, & TannerSmith, 2019). However, much of the research fails to measure opportunities to intervene relative to actual behaviors (McMahon et al., 2015), and how these behaviors relate to a personal history of sexual victimization (Woods et al., 2016). This study aimed to examine the relationship between a bystander’s victimization history, perceived barriers, and bystander intervention. Data from undergraduate students (N = 583; 79.7% female; MAge=18.92) suggested that those with such a history perceive themselves as less able to identify risky situations, but are actually …
Exploration Of The Effectiveness Of Naprotechnology In Women’S Healthcare, Cecilia Cerven
Exploration Of The Effectiveness Of Naprotechnology In Women’S Healthcare, Cecilia Cerven
Student Scholars Day Posters
Many women today struggle with abnormal menstrual cycles and the painful symptoms of reproductive disorders. The standard approach to treatment of irregular menses, PCOS, endometriosis, hormonal abnormalities, PMS, and other conditions is the prescription of a pill for symptom management. A relatively new and innovative method to fertility care is drawing the attention of healthcare providers and prospective clients alike, which offers an alternative approach. NaProTechnology, or Natural Procreative Technology, works with Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FABMs) to detect and treat various reproductive disorders. This project will assist in bridging the gaps in education and overall awareness of treatment options available …
Binding Morality Foundations, Moral Enhancement, And Religious Attributions Using A Bogus Feedback Paradigm, Lucretia Dunlap, Jayce Masters
Binding Morality Foundations, Moral Enhancement, And Religious Attributions Using A Bogus Feedback Paradigm, Lucretia Dunlap, Jayce Masters
Student Scholars Day Posters
The illusory belief that one is morally superior to others is widespread. There are individual differences in the need to see one’s self as moral. For example, religious individuals tend to self-enhance their perceived level of morality. In our study, participants completed measures of moral attitudes and behaviors and received either high or low (bogus) feedback on their moral performance. Those high in binding moral foundations (e.g., valuing obedience and group allegiance) who received high feedback were significantly more likely to attribute their motivation to religious sources. Binding moral foundations may be particularly linked to self-enhancement.
Closing The Gap Between Generations, Gabrielle Poeder
Closing The Gap Between Generations, Gabrielle Poeder
Student Scholars Day Posters
Older and younger generations are often living in separate spaces in our society. In this poster, I will discuss the factors that may cause such separation, the effects living alone can have on older adults, and the benefits that can result from creating relationships between the different generations through intergenerational volunteering programs. I will also address how we can bridge the gap between these generations and propose an intergenerational program that can help ease the aging process, benefit younger individuals, and create a more integrated society.
Diagnosing Short-Term Memory Scanning Using Systems Factorial Technology: A Conceptual Replication, Tylor Kistler, Monica Van Til, Lola Erfourth
Diagnosing Short-Term Memory Scanning Using Systems Factorial Technology: A Conceptual Replication, Tylor Kistler, Monica Van Til, Lola Erfourth
Student Scholars Day Posters
Townsend and Fific (2004) published an influential short-term memory (STM) study in which they observed individual differences in serial and parallel STM scanning. The authors employed systems factorial technology —a novel methodology that provides strong diagnostic tests of cognitive structuring—and presented a new method of manipulating probe-to-memory item processing speed for memory loads (N=2). Three variables were manipulated in this experiment: number of processing elements (N=2), phonemic dissimilarity of a target to the particular memorized item (high, low), and duration between the memorized set and a target (short, long). In the original study, 10 subjects each participated in 20 sessions. …
Everyday Is Halloween: The Role Of Fashion And Music In Goth Subculture, Lucretia Dunlap
Everyday Is Halloween: The Role Of Fashion And Music In Goth Subculture, Lucretia Dunlap
Student Scholars Day Posters
Goth subculture has been around since the 80s, first emerging as a reaction to the commercialized pop and rock scenes. This movement originated with the rebellious punk subculture of the West and United Kingdom. Very quickly, goth music and fashion were appropriated by other bands and magazines (Spracklen & Spracklen, 2014). Goth subculture has had massive effects on popular culture, influencing movies, various music scenes, and fashion styles. My research was motivated by a desire to contribute to the literature about goth subculture, with a focus on how those within the culture view the culture and their peers within it. …
Perceptions Of Identity Transitions: Race And Gender Not Equally Alterable, Maria Sanchez-Rodriguez
Perceptions Of Identity Transitions: Race And Gender Not Equally Alterable, Maria Sanchez-Rodriguez
Student Scholars Day Posters
Growing acceptance of transgender identities in the absence of parallel shifts regarding race can be perceived as somewhat paradoxical, especially in light of how differently each construct is imagined to be rooted in biology. Perceptions of race and gender as alterable aspects of identity were explored using four identity transition scenarios. Participants’ beliefs about identity transitions were dependent upon both the type of transition and political ideology. Results indicate that identity transitions involving gender (both male to female and female to male) and one race transition (white to black) were perceived similarly whereas the black to white transition was perceived …
Before-And-After Weight Loss Images' Effects On Body-Esteem, Audrey Boersen
Before-And-After Weight Loss Images' Effects On Body-Esteem, Audrey Boersen
Honors Projects
The purpose of this study was to examine how exposure to Before-and-After weight loss images affects body-esteem, and to explore if the race of the model moderates the relationship. Participants were 89 Caucasian females living in the United States. Participants viewed either a Before-and-After Caucasian or African American weight loss photo, or a control image. Measures of body-esteem and antifat attitudes were then collected. Unexpectedly we found that after being exposed to the images participants with a healthy BMI in the control and Caucasian model conditions reported higher body-esteem than overweight participants, however, there was no difference in the African …
Perceived Competence And Agreeableness Predict Positive Behaviors Toward Mexican Immigrants: Less Acculturated Hispanics Are More Welcoming Of Immigrants, Elia Hilda Bueno, Roque V. Mendez
Perceived Competence And Agreeableness Predict Positive Behaviors Toward Mexican Immigrants: Less Acculturated Hispanics Are More Welcoming Of Immigrants, Elia Hilda Bueno, Roque V. Mendez
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The resettlement of immigrants who have fled their countries because of dire consequences at home and better opportunities elsewhere, has given rise to a range of prejudices toward them in their host countries. We examined prejudices and discrimination toward immigrants, specifically Mexican immigrants, as a function of their perceived competence and warmth within the context of the Stereotype Content Model. We also examined perceiver’s agreeableness, openness to experience, attitudes and acculturation level, and their links with prejudices toward immigrants. We found that an immigrant’s competence elicited strong and more positive feelings and responses than warmth. More competent immigrants were more …
Traditional Career Development Models Lack The African Woman Voice, Bongiwe Hobololo
Traditional Career Development Models Lack The African Woman Voice, Bongiwe Hobololo
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Research in careers is increasing, though there is still a paucity of research focusing on the career development of African women. The purpose of this article is to critically review selected theories of career development, critique the methodologies used to generate such knowledge, and recommend a model that is appropriate for the African woman career research. The selected age/ stage career theories examined in this article were tested on different population samples with different backgrounds, using positivistic methodologies. They, therefore, remain decontextualized when transposed directly to the African context. This article submits that expanding extant literature on career development requires …
How Shall We All Live Together?, John W. Berry
How Shall We All Live Together?, John W. Berry
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
There is probably no more serious challenge to social stability and cohesion in the contemporary world than the management of intercultural relations within culturally plural societies. Successful management depends on many factors including a research-based understanding of the historical, political, economic, religious, and psychological features of the groups that are in contact. The core question is “How shall we all live together?” In this paper, we seek to provide such research by examining three core psychological principles in 17 culturally plural societies. The main goal of the project is to evaluate these three hypotheses of intercultural relations (multiculturalism, contact, and …
Intermarried Couples: Transnationalism, And Racialized Experiences In Denmark And Canada, Rashmi Singla, Hema Ganapathy-Coleman
Intermarried Couples: Transnationalism, And Racialized Experiences In Denmark And Canada, Rashmi Singla, Hema Ganapathy-Coleman
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Despite an increase in interracial or mixed marriages (intermarriages) globally, the experiences of couples in such marriages are generally under-researched, particularly within psychology. Using a cultural psychological framework and qualitative methods, this paper studies the psychosocial experiences of couples in intermarriages. It focuses on four South Asians in ethnically intermarriages in two settings: two Indian-origin men married to native Danish women in Denmark, and two Indian-origin women married to Euro-American men in Canada. Data from in-depth interviews were subjected to a thematic analysis yielding an array of themes, of which this paper presents the two most dominant themes across the …
Hostile And Benevolent Sexism In India: Analysis Across Cultures, Suparna Jain, Manpreet Kaur, Shradha Jain
Hostile And Benevolent Sexism In India: Analysis Across Cultures, Suparna Jain, Manpreet Kaur, Shradha Jain
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Society often fails to acknowledge that gender inequality, or the disparity in status and power between men and women, continues to exist today. However, rising incidents of crime against women and victim blaming by politicians and higher officials in Indian society make it important to acknowledge the rampant prevalence of hostile and benevolent sexism. The present research focuses on benevolent sexism as displayed by participants from India. It aims to assess the prevalence and consequences of Benevolent sexism in India. Cross-cultural studies by Glick et al. (2000) are based on Ambivalent Sexism theory and provide the means of such comparison. …
The Elephant In The Room: The Often Neglected Relevance Of Speciesism In Bias Towards Ethnic Minorities And Immigrants, Melisa Choubak, Saba Safdar
The Elephant In The Room: The Often Neglected Relevance Of Speciesism In Bias Towards Ethnic Minorities And Immigrants, Melisa Choubak, Saba Safdar
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The area of intergroup bias and, specifically attitudes towards ethnic minorities and/or immigrants, has received a great amount of investigation by (cross-cultural) psychologists, spanning many theories and perspectives (Hewstone et al., 2002). However, one perspective rarely taken in mainstream psychology is one that acknowledges the inter-linkage of bias towards ethnic minorities and/or immigrants and that towards non-human animals (NHAs), despite relatively substantial literature outside of psychology emphasizing it (Singer, 2002). In the present paper, we draw from relevant literature outside and inside of psychology that speaks to the connectivity between attitudes towards marginalized human outgroups and NHAs, focusing on the …
Model Of Autonomous-Related Singles Counseling In Collectivistic Cultures: The Turkey Model, Kâmile Bahar Aydın
Model Of Autonomous-Related Singles Counseling In Collectivistic Cultures: The Turkey Model, Kâmile Bahar Aydın
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
In this paper the Model of Autonomous-Related Singles Counseling (MARSC) is introduced. MARSC is based on Kağıtçıbaşı's (1996) Autonomous-Related Self Model (ARSM) and on Aydın’s (2017, 2019) Singles Counseling Theory which have been developed in Turkey, a country that scores high on collectivism (Hofstede, 1980). In both models, the basic psychological needs of autonomy and relatedness are the key concepts. ARSM is a supplementary synthesis model that integrates two constructs assumed to be conflicting, and it is based on cross-cultural diversity: autonomy and relatedness. ARSM is prevalent in collectivistic cultures. Research conducted on diverse national and ethnic groups in Brazil, …
Normative Multiculturalism In Socio-Political Context, Colleen Ward, Sara M. Watters, Jaimee Stuart, Johannes A. Karl
Normative Multiculturalism In Socio-Political Context, Colleen Ward, Sara M. Watters, Jaimee Stuart, Johannes A. Karl
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Normative multiculturalism refers to individuals’ perceptions about the extent to which interactions between culturally diverse groups, multicultural policies and practices, and diversity-valuing ideologies are common or normative in one’s society. In this paper, we explore these dimensions of normative multiculturalism as predictors of social connectedness (trust) and psychological well-being (flourishing) in two socio-political contexts: The United States and the United Kingdom. Two hundred and eighty-four residents (143 Hispanics and 141 non-Hispanic Whites) in the United States and 375 (125 British Indians and 250 British Whites) participated in the research. The results revealed that normative Multicultural Ideology predicted greater trust and …
What We Can Learn About Multiculturalism From Latin American Psychology, Judith L. Gibbons
What We Can Learn About Multiculturalism From Latin American Psychology, Judith L. Gibbons
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Latin American psychology, although greatly under-represented in international journals, can provide important lessons for international psychologists. Mexican psychologist Rogelio Díaz-Guerrero was one of the first to describe would now be labeled an indigenous psychology. Latin American theorists such as Paolo Freire and Ignacio Martín-Baró have provided frameworks for understanding diversity and multiculturalism among groups with unequal power. Only by critical thinking and critical analysis can we understand and challenge disparate conditions. Relatedly, Latin American psychology often focuses on achieving social justice and solving practical real-world problems. Thus, community and political psychology are strengths of Latin American psychology and have made …
Perception Of Expectation States And Teaching Diversity In Higher Education: Insights From A Qualitative Study, Jun Fu, Sue C. Jacobs
Perception Of Expectation States And Teaching Diversity In Higher Education: Insights From A Qualitative Study, Jun Fu, Sue C. Jacobs
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
There are many benefits from fostering interaction among students of diverse backgrounds in classrooms. To enhance students’ potential psycho-social and intellectual development, instructors need to do more than foster group interaction. They need to encourage and teach skills for diverse students to be able to genuinely communicate their differences in knowledge, perspectives, and expectation states. An expectation state is defined as an anticipation of the quality of group members’ future task performances and is shaped by socially ascribed characteristics. Researchers who based their studies on Expectation States Theory found ample evidence that expectation states exert multi-level effects on social dynamics, …
Foreword, Saba Safdar, Catherine Kwantes, Wolfgang Friedlmeier
Foreword, Saba Safdar, Catherine Kwantes, Wolfgang Friedlmeier
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
No abstract provided.
Chapter 12: Dementia: Detection, Assessment, And Intervention, Sally Pelon
Chapter 12: Dementia: Detection, Assessment, And Intervention, Sally Pelon
Books and Contributions to Books
This chapter considers various forms of dementia as well as the assessment and diagnosis process from a uniquely social work perspective. It also explores various psychosocial and practical interventions that may utilized by social workers as they support and assist both those with a dementia diagnosis and their loved ones.
The Need For Emotional Intelligence In The Workplace, Leah Davis
The Need For Emotional Intelligence In The Workplace, Leah Davis
Senior Projects
This thesis explores why emotional intelligence is valuable in the workplace, arguing it helps to create positive employee morale. As our society becomes more diverse, so does the environment of the workplace. These developments place increased demands on employees, requiring skills of social and emotional intelligence to function in newly dynamic work environments. Findings and recommendations emerge from an analysis of peer-reviewed journal articles, literature reviews, books, and case studies from the fields of business and psychology. Results verify that emotional intelligence is beneficial in the workplace due to increased workplace demands, employee morale, and informational diversity. This analysis also …
Trauma Therapy And The Need For Cross Cultural Competence, Marijke Sommer
Trauma Therapy And The Need For Cross Cultural Competence, Marijke Sommer
Honors Projects
This project addresses the relevance of cross cultural competence for work in trauma therapy. I begin with a review of the literature on approaches to trauma therapy, identifying similarities and differences in key approaches, and comparing outcomes where that information is available. I then review a variety of cross cultural variations in mental health conditions and symptoms, attempting to roughly position each within the ethnic group or groups in which the variation is mostly likely to be found. Finally, I review the very small existing literature examining the impact of culturally sensitive approaches to trauma therapy in several non-Western ethnic …
Contemporary Civil War In Northern Ireland, The Long-Term Effects On Children, And Resulting Interventions, Danielle Bolden
Contemporary Civil War In Northern Ireland, The Long-Term Effects On Children, And Resulting Interventions, Danielle Bolden
Honors Projects
This paper examines the consequences of violent civil conflict for children, including academic inequality, increased behavior problems, and increased mental health disorders, as well as the interventions directly related. Focusing on The Troubles, a brief history of the conflict in Northern Ireland is presented along with theories about the causes, then the consequences of The Troubles are compared to the consequences of other civil conflicts. The interventions in Northern Ireland include integrated schools and housing, community programs revolved around open dialogues that encourage participation from both Catholic and Protestant members, and widely available mental health services. I conclude interventions like …
An Evaluation Of Traditional And Non-Traditional Psychopharmacological Treatments For Major Depression, Makayla Sanchez
An Evaluation Of Traditional And Non-Traditional Psychopharmacological Treatments For Major Depression, Makayla Sanchez
Honors Projects
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses within society today, with overarching effects in the social, personal, and professional lives of millions of individuals who are suffering. The typical treatment for major depression is often a prescription of an antidepressant, either exclusively or combined with another form of treatment, such as psychotherapy. The intended effect is to increase levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine within the brain to regulate mood and emotion. While this treatment is effective for some patients, not all find relief. Exploring and extending research into other substances that effect the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) …
Poor Metacognitive Awareness Of Belief Change, Michael Wolfe, Todd J. Williams
Poor Metacognitive Awareness Of Belief Change, Michael Wolfe, Todd J. Williams
Funded Articles
When people change beliefs as a result of reading a text, are they aware of these changes? This question was examined for beliefs about spanking as an effective means of discipline. In two experiments, subjects reported beliefs about spanking effectiveness during a prescreening session. In a subsequent experimental session, subjects read a one-sided text that advocated a belief consistent or inconsistent position on the topic. After reading, subjects reported their current beliefs and attempted to recollect their initial beliefs. Subjects reading a belief inconsistent text were more likely to change their beliefs than those who read a belief consistent text. …