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Articles 1141 - 1157 of 1157
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Bedrock-Sculpturing By Tsunami, South Coast New South Wales, Australia, Edward A. Bryant, R. W. Young
Bedrock-Sculpturing By Tsunami, South Coast New South Wales, Australia, Edward A. Bryant, R. W. Young
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Bedrock-sculpturing resulting in s-forms is associated with catastrophic flooding in near- and subglacial environments produced by flow velocities approximating 10 m s-1. These velocities can also be produced by extreme tsunami generated by submarine landslides or comet impacts with oceans. Repetitive tsunami events during the late Holocene have overwashed headlands along the New South Wales south coast and produced two suites of bedrock-sculptured terrain. At the smaller scale, s-forms similar to muschelbrüche, v-shaped grooves and sichelwannen have developed on upslopes while broad potholes, flutes and transverse troughs have formed on headland crests. Cavitation features consisting of sinuous grooves, impact marks, …
Catastrophic Wave (Tsunami?) Transport Of Boulders In Southern New South Wales, Australia, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant, D. M. Price
Catastrophic Wave (Tsunami?) Transport Of Boulders In Southern New South Wales, Australia, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant, D. M. Price
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Deposits of large boulders above modern limits of storm waves along the coast of southern New South Wales record catastrophic wave action. The largest boulders that were moved weigh 80-90 tonnes, and the maximum height of wave action was 32 m. Hydraulic reconstruction indicates flow depths of 3.4 and perhaps > 4 m and velocities of 5.5 m/s to 10.3 m/s. Cavitation features on some rock surfaces support the estimates of maximum velocities. A remarkably limited range in the orientation of imbricated boulders along 150 km indicates that the deposits record a single event that approached from the SE. to SSE. …
Effect Of Organic Solvents On The Separation Of Benzoic Acids By Capillary Electrophoresis, Young J. Lee, William E. Price, Margaret Sheil
Effect Of Organic Solvents On The Separation Of Benzoic Acids By Capillary Electrophoresis, Young J. Lee, William E. Price, Margaret Sheil
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
The effect of organic modifiers on the separation of a number of closely related isomeric benzoic acids by capillary electrophoresis is described. It is shown that while a single modifier concentration cannot help resolve the entire electropherogram, organic modifiers do significantly enhance the resolution of parts of the separation system by comparison with 40 mmol l-1 phosphate buffer. The effects on separation and retention times are discussed in terms of the effects on electroosmotic flow and the electrophoretic mobilities of the charged solutes. The effects were found to be modifier specific, although the trends were in the same direction (ie., …
The Imprint Of Tsunami In Quaternary Coastal Sediments Of Southeastern Australia, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant, David M. Price, E. Spassov
The Imprint Of Tsunami In Quaternary Coastal Sediments Of Southeastern Australia, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant, David M. Price, E. Spassov
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
TL and 14C dating has revealed anomalous chronostratigraphies at two sites on the coast of southern New South Wales, Australia, where Pleistocene sands have been driven onshore over Holocene estuarine deposits. Lack of solar bleaching of the TL component which occurs in normal swash zones, an identical TL age obtained from pumice incorporated in the Pleistocene deposit, and boulders scattered through the sand are indicative of tsunami impact. These observations prompt reassessment of the strictly uniformitarian models of barrier emplacement during the Holocene transgression both in eastern Australia and elsewhere in the world where tsunami are a possibility.
The Magnitude And Nature Of 'Noise' In World Sea-Level Records, Edward A. Bryant
The Magnitude And Nature Of 'Noise' In World Sea-Level Records, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
While average world sea-level is rising at a uniform rate of 1-1.5 mm yr-1, regional rates can vary by an order of magnitude. Over time scales of several years these rates can be 10-100 times greater because sea-level is affected at this scale by highly changeable meteorological and oceanographic variables. The inherent "noise" level in world sea-level records is 35 mm. Much of this is expressed as fluctuations on the order of 20-100 mm with a frequency of 3-5 years. This latter "noise" is highly coherent at tide gauges around the globe and appears unrelated to resonance or wave excitation …
Last Interglacial And Holocene Trends In Sea-Level Maxima Around Australia: Implications For Modern Rates, Edward A. Bryant
Last Interglacial And Holocene Trends In Sea-Level Maxima Around Australia: Implications For Modern Rates, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
This paper defines the spatial trend in sea-level around Australia at 3 timescales, namely at the time of the maximum of the last interglacial around 125000 yr BP, during the Holocene maximum between 5-6000 yr BP and over the last 20 years. Last interglacial elevations range from -2m around the Great Barrier Reef to +32m in northeast Tasmania. Trend surface analysis shows that over 77% of the noise in these sea-level elevations can be accounted for by a pattern evidencing tectonic uplift towards the southern edge of the continent. Assuming a eustatic sea-level at this time of +4 to 6m, …
Catastrophic Wave Erosion On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia: Impact Of The Lanai Tsunamis Ca. 105 Ka?: Reply, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant
Catastrophic Wave Erosion On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia: Impact Of The Lanai Tsunamis Ca. 105 Ka?: Reply, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
No abstract provided.
Catastrophic Wave Erosion On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia: Impact Of The Lanai Tsunamis Ca. 105 Ka?, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant
Catastrophic Wave Erosion On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia: Impact Of The Lanai Tsunamis Ca. 105 Ka?, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Sand barriers along the coast of southern New South Wales, dating from the last interglacial, have been almost completely destroyed, most probably by a catastrophic tsunami. Evidence for catastrophic wave erosion can also be traced to heights of at least 15 m above present sea level on coastal abrasion ramps. These erosional features lie above the range of effective erosion by contemporary storm waves, and cannot be attributed to either eustatic fluctuations or local uplift. Chronological evidence for the timing of the destruction of the last interglacial barriers suggests that tsunami generated by the submarine slide off Lanai in the …
Evidence Of Tsunami Sedimentation On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia, Edward A. Bryant, R. W. Young, David M. Price
Evidence Of Tsunami Sedimentation On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia, Edward A. Bryant, R. W. Young, David M. Price
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
In the coastal region, the highest magnitude storms cannot always be invoked to account for large-scale, anomalous sediment features. Any coastline in the Pacific Ocean region can be affected by tsunamis, including Australia which historically lacks evidence of such events. Geologically, tsunamis along the New South Wales coast have deposited a suite of Holocene features that consist of anomalous boulder masses, either chaotically tossed onto rock platforms and backshores or jammed into crevices; highly bimodal mixtures of sand and boulders; and dump deposits consisting of well sorted coarse debris. In addition many coastal aboriginal middens were disturbed by such events. …
Storminess And High Tide Beach Change, Stanwell Park, Australia 1943-1978, Edward A. Bryant
Storminess And High Tide Beach Change, Stanwell Park, Australia 1943-1978, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Coastal storms have been considered significant agents in transporting sediment, modifying morphology and causing recent beach erosion. Along the New South Wales coast, the concomitance of storms, warmer sea surface temperatures and poleward movement of the Hadley cell was linked to beach erosion on Stanwell Park beach between 1943 and 1978. This result was defined using an accurately constructed compilation of coastal storms and a precisely measured time series of high tide positions taken from 105 oblique photographs. The two data sets are amongst the best of their kind in the world. Indices of storm magnitude, representing cumulative significant wave …
Australia—An Unstable Platform For Tide-Gauge Measurements Of Changing Sea Levels: A Discussion, Edward A. Bryant, P. S. Roy, B. G. Thom
Australia—An Unstable Platform For Tide-Gauge Measurements Of Changing Sea Levels: A Discussion, Edward A. Bryant, P. S. Roy, B. G. Thom
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
The recent detailed analyses by Aubrey and Emery (1986) of Australian sea level trends continues their efforts to define tectonic and climatic factors worldwide that dominate long- and short-term fluctuations respectively in sea level records. These factors have included sediment and water loading on the adjacent shelf, the tectonic behaviour of plates, fluctuations in the Southern Oscillation, behaviour of currents impinging on the shelf, and river runoff. We do not object to these efforts; however we are disturbed by misrepresentations in their recent paper on Australian sea levels regarding (1) the interpretation of the nature of sea-level records, (2) the …
Sea-Level Variability And Its Impact Within The Greenhouse Scenario, Edward A. Bryant
Sea-Level Variability And Its Impact Within The Greenhouse Scenario, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
The greenhouse scenario assumes that sea level will rise worldwide at uniform rates because of near-polar ice melting or because of thermal expansion of ocean waters. This view ignores the natural variability of existing sea-level behaviour that occurs globally over time. It also ignores the fact that some of this variability is related to changes in climatic parameters such as precipitation, barometric pressure and temperature that will be influenced by the greenhouse effect. This paper presents existing evidence on sea-level variability across the globe and links it to changes in atmospheric pressure, air temperature and precipitation for the period 1933-1980. …
Co2-Warming, Rising Sea-Level And Retreating Coasts: Review And Critique, Edward A. Bryant
Co2-Warming, Rising Sea-Level And Retreating Coasts: Review And Critique, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
A CO2-warming atmospheric scenario, whereby increased concentrations of 'greenhouse' gases result in warmer temperatures that either melt near-polar ice or cause thermal expansion of ocean waters, thus leading to increased sea-levels and exacerbated coastal erosion, assumes fundamental but unproven cause-and-effect relationships. General circulation models have reinforced claims of an accelerated warming and indirectly given support to the complete scenario, but ignore the point that global climate and not just air temperatures have changed over the past century. Indeed, it is difficult to prove that air temperatures have warmed naturally outside of urban centres over this period. To attribute recent temperature …
Rainfall And Beach Erosion Relationships, Stanwell Park, Australia, 1895-1980: Worldwide Implications For Coastal Erosion, Edward A. Bryant
Rainfall And Beach Erosion Relationships, Stanwell Park, Australia, 1895-1980: Worldwide Implications For Coastal Erosion, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Beach erosion is often associated with sea-level rise, sediment depletion or variation in wave conditions; however above-normal rainfall can cause beach retreat by increasing water-table elevation on the foreshore. On Stanwell Park beach, New South Wales, Australia annual rainfall accounts for 12.4% of the variance in the long-term, high-ride position measured accurately to ±2.5 m for the whole beach using 135 oblique photographs dated between 1895-1980. Sea-level changes account for an additional 4.6%. A 100 mm increase in annual rainfall or a 1 cm rise in sea-level results in 0.79 or 0.44 m retreat respectively of the average high-tide position …
Sunspot And Mn Tidal Effects On Stanwell Park, Nsw, Beach Change, 1895-1980, Edward A. Bryant
Sunspot And Mn Tidal Effects On Stanwell Park, Nsw, Beach Change, 1895-1980, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Beach change on Stanwell Park beach has been linked to sea-level fluctuations and annual rainfall such that a 1-cm rise in sea-level and a 100-mm increase in rainfall results respectively in 0.45m and 0.8m of beach retreat. Both variables are related to the Southern Oscillation, which has worldwide climatic teleconnections. Research in NSW and elsewhere indicates that the 11- and 22-year sunspot cycles and 18.6-year MN lunar cycle may affect some sea-level and rainfall records. None of these astronomical variables was found to relate to beach retreat at Stanwell Park more than any of the meteorological or oceanographic variables.
Regional Sea Level, Southern Oscillation And Beach Change, New South Wales, Australia, Edward A. Bryant
Regional Sea Level, Southern Oscillation And Beach Change, New South Wales, Australia, Edward A. Bryant
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Coastal erosion is a problem of increasing concern that affects 60% of the world's sandy coastline. This erosion has been attributed to increased storminess, tectonic subsidence, eustatic sea-level rise, decreased shoreward sediment movement from the shelf, permanent longshore leakage of sediment from beach compartments, shifts in global pressure belts resulting in changes in the directional component of wave climates, and human interference. No one explanation has worldwide applicability because all factors vary in importance regionally. Evaluation of factors is complicated by a lack of accurate, continuous, long-term erosional data. Historical map evidence spanning 100-1,000 yr has been used in a …
Beach Erosion, May-June, 1974, Central And South Coast, Nsw, Edward A. Bryant, R. Kidd
Beach Erosion, May-June, 1974, Central And South Coast, Nsw, Edward A. Bryant, R. Kidd
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Between May 24th and June 18th 1974, three periods of erosive wave conditions dramatically changed the character of many beaches along the central and southern New South Wales Coast. This paper documents and evaluates regional variations in the responses of beaches to these erosional events for selected portions of this coast (Figure 1).