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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia
Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia
Journal of Nonprofit Innovation
Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.
Imagine Doris, who is …
Aspects Of Stochastic Geometric Mechanics In Molecular Biophysics, David Frost
Aspects Of Stochastic Geometric Mechanics In Molecular Biophysics, David Frost
All Dissertations
In confocal single-molecule FRET experiments, the joint distribution of FRET efficiency and donor lifetime distribution can reveal underlying molecular conformational dynamics via deviation from their theoretical Forster relationship. This shift is referred to as a dynamic shift. In this study, we investigate the influence of the free energy landscape in protein conformational dynamics on the dynamic shift by simulation of the associated continuum reaction coordinate Langevin dynamics, yielding a deeper understanding of the dynamic and structural information in the joint FRET efficiency and donor lifetime distribution. We develop novel Langevin models for the dye linker dynamics, including rotational dynamics, based …
Bacterial Motion And Spread In Porous Environments, Yasser Almoteri
Bacterial Motion And Spread In Porous Environments, Yasser Almoteri
Dissertations
Micro-swimmers are ubiquitous in nature from soil and water to mammalian bodies and even many technological processes. Common known examples are microbes such as bacteria, micro-algae and micro-plankton, cells such as spermatozoa and organisms such as nematodes. These swimmers live and have evolved in multiplex environments and complex flows in the presence of other swimmers and types, inert particles and fibers, interfaces and non-trivial confinements and more. Understanding the locomotion and interactions of these individual micro-swimmers in such impure viscous fluids is crucial to understanding the emergent dynamics of such complex systems, and to further enabling us to control and …
Type I Error Rate Controlling Procedures For Multiple Hypotheses Testing, Beibei Li
Type I Error Rate Controlling Procedures For Multiple Hypotheses Testing, Beibei Li
Dissertations
This dissertation addresses several different but related topics arising in the field of multiple testing, including weighted procedures and graphical approaches for controlling the familywise error rate (FWER), and stepwise procedures with control of the false discovery rate (FDR) for discrete data. It consists of three major parts.
The first part investigates weighted procedures for controlling the FWER. In many statistical applications, hypotheses may be differentially weighted according to their different importance. Many weighted multiple testing procedures (wMTPs) have been developed for controlling the FWER. Among these procedures, two weighted Holm procedures are commonly used in practice: one is based …
Numerical Treatment For Special Type Of Mixed Linear Delay Volterra Integro-Differential Equations, Atheer J. Kadhim
Numerical Treatment For Special Type Of Mixed Linear Delay Volterra Integro-Differential Equations, Atheer J. Kadhim
Emirates Journal for Engineering Research
The idea of research is a representation of the nonlinear pseudo-random generators using state-space equations that is not based on the usual description as shift register synthesis but in terms of matrices. Different types of nonlinear pseudo-random generators with their algorithms have been applied in order to investigate the output pseudo-random sequences. Moreover, two examples are given for conciliated the results of this representation.
Model Checks For Two-Sample Location-Scale, Atefeh Javidialsaadi
Model Checks For Two-Sample Location-Scale, Atefeh Javidialsaadi
Dissertations
Two-sample location-scale refers to a model that permits a pair of standardized random variables to have a common distribution. This means that if X1 and X2 are two random variables with means µ1 and µ2 and standard deviations ?1 and ?2, then (X1 - µ1)/?1 and (X2 - µ2)/?2 have some common unspecified standard or base distribution F0. Function-based hypothesis testing for these models refers to formal tests that would help determine whether or not two samples may have come from some location-scale …
Entropic Dynamics Of Networks, Felipe Xavier Costa, Pedro Pessoa
Entropic Dynamics Of Networks, Felipe Xavier Costa, Pedro Pessoa
Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)
Here we present the entropic dynamics formalism for networks. That is, a framework for the dynamics of graphs meant to represent a network derived from the principle of maximum entropy and the rate of transition is obtained taking into account the natural information geometry of probability distributions. We apply this framework to the Gibbs distribution of random graphs obtained with constraints on the node connectivity. The information geometry for this graph ensemble is calculated and the dynamical process is obtained as a diffusion equation. We compare the steady state of this dynamics to degree distributions found on real-world networks.
Anticipation Induces Polarized Collective Motion In Attraction Based Models, Daniel Strömbom, Alice Antia
Anticipation Induces Polarized Collective Motion In Attraction Based Models, Daniel Strömbom, Alice Antia
Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)
Moving animal groups are prime examples of natural complex systems. In most models of such systems each individual updates its heading based on the current positions and headings of its neighbors. However, recently, a number of models where the heading update instead is based on the future anticipated positions/headings of the neighbors have been published. Collectively these studies have established that including anticipation may have drastically different effects in different models. In particular, anticipation inhibits polarization in alignment-based models and in one alignment-free model, but promotes polarization in another alignment-free model. Indicating that our understanding of how anticipation affects the …
Aps March Meeting 2021 (Online) Updates On Scientific Research During Pandemic Times, Vianney Gimenez-Pinto
Aps March Meeting 2021 (Online) Updates On Scientific Research During Pandemic Times, Vianney Gimenez-Pinto
Title III Professional Development Reports
While the ongoing global pandemic continues to affect our everyday lives, researchers in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math found a way to come together at the American Physical Society (APS) March Meeting 2021. The conference was online-only and had more than 11,000 registered attendants who actively participated in the program during March 14- 19, 2021.
Mathematical Modelling Of Temperature Effects On The Afd Neuron Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Zachary Mobille, Rosangela Follmann, Epaminondas Rosa
Mathematical Modelling Of Temperature Effects On The Afd Neuron Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Zachary Mobille, Rosangela Follmann, Epaminondas Rosa
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
An Accurate Solution Of The Self-Similar Orbit-Averaged Fokker-Planck Equation For Core-Collapsing Isotropic Globular Clusters: Properties And Application, Yuta Ito
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Hundreds of dense star clusters exist in almost all galaxies. Each cluster is composed of approximately ten thousand through ten million stars. The stars orbit in the clusters due to the clusters' self-gravity. Standard stellar dynamics expects that the clusters behave like collisionless self-gravitating systems on short time scales (~ million years) and the stars travel in smooth continuous orbits. Such clusters temporally settle to dynamically stable states or quasi-stationary states (QSS). Two fundamental QSS models are the isothermal- and polytropic- spheres since they have similar structures to the actual core (central part) and halo (outskirt) of the clusters. The …
Emergence, Mechanics, And Development: How Behavior And Geometry Underlie Cowrie Seashell Form, Michael G. Levy, Michael R. Deweese
Emergence, Mechanics, And Development: How Behavior And Geometry Underlie Cowrie Seashell Form, Michael G. Levy, Michael R. Deweese
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Target Control Of Networked Systems, Isaac S. Klickstein
Target Control Of Networked Systems, Isaac S. Klickstein
Mechanical Engineering ETDs
The control of complex networks is an emerging field yet it has already garnered interest from across the scientific disciplines, from robotics to sociology. It has quickly been noticed that many of the classical techniques from controls engineering, while applicable, are not as illuminating as they were for single systems of relatively small dimension. Instead, properties borrowed from graph theory provide equivalent but more practical conditions to guarantee controllability, reachability, observability, and other typical properties of interest to the controls engineer when dealing with large networked systems. This manuscript covers three topics investigated in detail by the author: (i) the …
Effects Of Aperiodicity And Frustration On The Magnetic Properties Of Artificial Quasicrystals, Barry Farmer
Effects Of Aperiodicity And Frustration On The Magnetic Properties Of Artificial Quasicrystals, Barry Farmer
Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy
Quasicrystals have been shown to exhibit physical properties that are dramatically different from their periodic counterparts. A limited number of magnetic quasicrystals have been fabricated and measured, and they do not exhibit long-range magnetic order, which is in direct conflict with simulations that indicate such a state should be accessible. This dissertation adopts a metamaterials approach in which artificial quasicrystals are fabricated and studied with the specific goal of identifying how aperiodicity affects magnetic long-range order. Electron beam lithography techniques were used to pattern magnetic thin films into two types of aperiodic tilings, the Penrose P2, and Ammann-Beenker tilings. SQUID …
Measuring And Modeling Information Flow On Social Networks, Tyson Charles Pond
Measuring And Modeling Information Flow On Social Networks, Tyson Charles Pond
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
With the rise of social media, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how individuals inform, influence, and interact with others in their social network and how the network mediates the flow of information. Previous research on information flow has primarily used models of contagion to study the adoption of a technology, propagation of purchase recommendations, or virality of online activity. Social (or "complex") contagions spread differently than biological ("simple") contagions. A limitation when researchers validate contagion models is that they neglect much of the massive amounts of data now available through online social networks. Here we model a recently …
Interpretations Of Bicoherence In Space & Lab Plasma Dynamics, Gregory Allen Riggs
Interpretations Of Bicoherence In Space & Lab Plasma Dynamics, Gregory Allen Riggs
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The application of bicoherence analysis to plasma research, particularly in non-linear, coupled-wave regimes, has thus far been significantly belied by poor resolution in time, and/or outright destruction of frequency information. Though the typical power spectrum cloaks the phase-coherency between frequencies, Fourier transforms of higher-order convolutions provide an n-dimensional spectrum which is adept at elucidating n-wave phase coherence. As such, this investigation focuses on the utility of the normalized bispectrum for detection of wave-wave coupling in general, with emphasis on distinct implications within the scope of non-linear plasma physics. Interpretations of bicoherent features are given for time series from …
Dimension Reduction Techniques For High Dimensional And Ultra-High Dimensional Data, Subha Datta
Dimension Reduction Techniques For High Dimensional And Ultra-High Dimensional Data, Subha Datta
Dissertations
This dissertation introduces two statistical techniques to tackle high-dimensional data, which is very commonplace nowadays. It consists of two topics which are inter-related by a common link, dimension reduction.
The first topic is a recently introduced classification technique, the weighted principal support vector machine (WPSVM), which is incorporated into a spatial point process framework. The WPSVM possesses an additional parameter, a weight parameter, besides the regularization parameter. Most statistical techniques, including WPSVM, have an inherent assumption of independence, which means the data points are not connected with each other in any manner. But spatial data violates this assumption. Correlation between …
Practical Chaos: Using Dynamical Systems To Encrypt Audio And Visual Data, Julia Ruiter
Practical Chaos: Using Dynamical Systems To Encrypt Audio And Visual Data, Julia Ruiter
Scripps Senior Theses
Although dynamical systems have a multitude of classical uses in physics and applied mathematics, new research in theoretical computer science shows that dynamical systems can also be used as a highly secure method of encrypting data. Properties of Lorenz and similar systems of equations yield chaotic outputs that are good at masking the underlying data both physically and mathematically. This paper aims to show how Lorenz systems may be used to encrypt text and image data, as well as provide a framework for how physical mechanisms may be built using these properties to transmit encrypted wave signals.
Reduced Models Of Point Vortex Systems In Quasigeostrophic Fluid Dynamics, Jonathan Maack
Reduced Models Of Point Vortex Systems In Quasigeostrophic Fluid Dynamics, Jonathan Maack
Doctoral Dissertations
We develop a nonequilibrium statistical mechanical description of the evolution of point vortex systems governed by either the Euler, single-layer quasigeostrophic or two-layer quasigeostrophic equations. Our approach is based on a recently proposed optimal closure procedure for deriving reduced models of Hamiltonian systems. In this theory the statistical evolution is kept within a parametric family of distributions based on the resolved variables chosen to describe the macrostate of the system. The approximate evolution is matched as closely as possible to the true evolution by minimizing the mean-squared residual in the Liouville equation, a metric which quantifies the information loss rate …
Simulating The Electrical Properties Of Random Carbon Nanotube Networks Using A Simple Model Based On Percolation Theory, Roberto Abril Valenzuela
Simulating The Electrical Properties Of Random Carbon Nanotube Networks Using A Simple Model Based On Percolation Theory, Roberto Abril Valenzuela
Physics
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been subject to extensive research towards their possible applications in the world of nanoelectronics. The interest in carbon nanotubes originates from their unique variety of properties useful in nanoelectronic devices. One key feature of carbon nanotubes is that the chiral angle at which they are rolled determines whether the tube is metallic or semiconducting. Of main interest to this project are devices containing a thin film of randomly arranged carbon nanotubes, known as carbon nanotube networks. The presence of semiconducting tubes in a CNT network can lead to a switching effect when the film is electro-statically …
Physical Applications Of The Geometric Minimum Action Method, George L. Poppe Jr.
Physical Applications Of The Geometric Minimum Action Method, George L. Poppe Jr.
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis extends the landscape of rare events problems solved on stochastic systems by means of the \textit{geometric minimum action method} (gMAM). These include partial differential equations (PDEs) such as the real Ginzburg-Landau equation (RGLE), the linear Schroedinger equation, along with various forms of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLSE) including an application towards an ultra-short pulse mode-locked laser system (MLL).
Additionally we develop analytical tools that can be used alongside numerics to validate those solutions. This includes the use of instanton methods in deriving state transitions for the linear Schroedinger equation and the cubic diffusive NLSE.
These analytical solutions are …
Atmospheric Radiation And Tgfs: Unexplained Radiation In Our Skies, Adrian Gallegos
Atmospheric Radiation And Tgfs: Unexplained Radiation In Our Skies, Adrian Gallegos
Honors College Research
There is a significant correlation between atmospheric electrification via thunderstorms and the occurrence of large emissions of x-ray and gamma ray radiation known as Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes (TGFs). Some physical phenomenon may be explained by either the RREA or Thermal Runaway models, but the scientific community as a whole is still largely at work on the theoretical frameworks.
Interplay Of Quantum Size Effect, Anisotropy And Surface Stress Shapes The Instability Of Thin Metal Films, Mikhail Khenner
Interplay Of Quantum Size Effect, Anisotropy And Surface Stress Shapes The Instability Of Thin Metal Films, Mikhail Khenner
Mathematics Faculty Publications
Morphological instability of a planar surface ([111], [011], or [001]) of an ultra-thin metal film is studied in a parameter space formed by three major effects (the quantum size effect, the surface energy anisotropy and the surface stress) that influence a film dewetting. The analysis is based on the extended Mullins equation, where the effects are cast as functions of the film thickness. The formulation of the quantum size effect (Z. Zhang et al., PRL 80, 5381 (1998)) includes the oscillation of the surface energy with thickness caused by electrons confinement. By systematically comparing the effects, their contributions into the …
Accuracy And Stability Of Integration Methods For Neutrino Transport In Core Collapse Supernovae, Kyle A. Gregory
Accuracy And Stability Of Integration Methods For Neutrino Transport In Core Collapse Supernovae, Kyle A. Gregory
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Code For "Noise-Enhanced Coding In Phasic Neuron Spike Trains", Cheng Ly, Brent D. Doiron
Code For "Noise-Enhanced Coding In Phasic Neuron Spike Trains", Cheng Ly, Brent D. Doiron
Statistical Sciences and Operations Research Data
This zip file contains Matlab scripts and ode (XPP) files to calculate the statistics of the models in "Noise-Enhanced Coding in Phasic Neuron Spike Trains". This article is published in PLoS ONE.
Dynamics Of Discs In A Nematic Liquid Crystal, Alena Antipova
Dynamics Of Discs In A Nematic Liquid Crystal, Alena Antipova
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In this thesis, a new way of simulating a two-way coupling between a liquid crystal and an immersed object is proposed. It can be used for objects of various geometries and can be expanded to be used for an object of any geometry. Additionally, a simple yet effective model was suggested for calculations of transmitted light through a nematic liquid crystal sample. This model allowed us to clarify the behavior of a ferromagnetic disc in a nematic liquid crystal observed in experiments and incorrectly interpreted at that time.
Our simulations have demonstrated the following: in the absence of external forces …
Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion Of Photons Through Β-Barium Borate, Luke Horowitz
Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion Of Photons Through Β-Barium Borate, Luke Horowitz
Physics
An apparatus for detecting pairs of entangled 405nm photons that have undergone Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion through β-Barium Borate is described. By using avalanche photo-diodes to detect the low-intensity converted beam and a coincidence module to register coincident photons, it is possible to create an apparatus than can be used to perform quantum information experiments under a budget appropriate for an undergraduate physics lab.
The Global Stability Of The Solution To The Morse Potential In A Catastrophic Regime, Weerapat Pittayakanchit
The Global Stability Of The Solution To The Morse Potential In A Catastrophic Regime, Weerapat Pittayakanchit
HMC Senior Theses
Swarms of animals exhibit aggregations whose behavior is a challenge for mathematicians to understand. We analyze this behavior numerically and analytically by using the pairwise interaction model known as the Morse potential. Our goal is to prove the global stability of the candidate local minimizer in 1D found in A Primer of Swarm Equilibria. Using the calculus of variations and eigenvalues analysis, we conclude that the candidate local minimizer is a global minimum with respect to all solution smaller than its support. In addition, we manage to extend the global stability condition to any solutions whose support has a single …
Global Optimized Isothermal And Nonlinear Models Of Earth’S Standard Atmosphere, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D.,
Global Optimized Isothermal And Nonlinear Models Of Earth’S Standard Atmosphere, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D.,
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Both, a global isothermal temperature model and a nonlinear quadratic temperature model of the ISA was developed and presented here. Constrained optimization techniques in conjunction with the least-square-root approximations were used to design best-fit isothermal models for ISA pressure and density changes up to 47 geopotential km for NLPAM, and 86 orthometric km for ISOAM respectively. The mass of the dry atmosphere and the relevant fractional-mass scale heights have been computed utilizing the very accurate eight-point Gauss-Legendre numerical quadrature for both ISOAM and NLPAM. Both, the ISOAM and the NLPAM represent viable alternatives to ISA in many practical applications and …
A New Class Of Scalable Parallel Pseudorandom Number Generators Based On Pohlig-Hellman Exponentiation Ciphers, Paul Beale
Paul Beale
Parallel supercomputer-based Monte Carlo applications depend on pseudorandom number generators that produce independent pseudorandom streams across many separate processes. We propose a new scalable class of parallel pseudorandom number generators based on Pohlig--Hellman exponentiation ciphers. The method generates uniformly distributed floating point pseudorandom streams by encrypting simple sequences of integer \textit{messages} into \textit{ciphertexts} by exponentiation modulo prime numbers. The advantages of the method are: the method is trivially parallelizable by parameterization with each pseudorandom number generator derived from an independent prime modulus, the method is fully scalable on massively parallel computing clusters due to the large number of primes available …