Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Field Station Weather Reports, E. Adee, M. Sittel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report includes the annual summary of precipitation from 2021 at the research locations represented in the 2022 field report and further details about the Kansas River Valley locations and the east central Kansas locations.

Long-Term Ndvi And Recent Vegetation Cover Profiles Of Major Offshore Island Nesting Sites Of Sea Turtles In Saudi Waters Of The Northern Arabian Gulf, Rommel H. Maneja, Jeffrey D. Miller, Wenzhao Li, Hesham El-Askary, Ace Vincent B. Flandez, Joshua J. Dagoy, Joselito Francis A. Alcaria, Abdullajid U. Basali, Khaled A. Al-Abdulkader, Ronald A. Loughland, Mohamed A. Qurban

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Vegetation is an important ecological component of offshore islands in the Arabian Gulf (AG), which maintains long-term resilience of these islands. This is achieved by influencing sediment retention and moisture acquisition via condensation during periods of high humidity and by providing a variety of microhabitats for island fauna. The resilience of offshore islands’ ecosystems in the Saudi waters is important because they host the largest number of nesting hawksbill and green turtles in the AG. This study defines the characteristics and the long-term trends in vegetation cover of the offshore islands used by sea turtles as nesting grounds in the …

Seasonal Origins Of Soil Water Used By Trees, Scott T. Allen, James W. Kirchner, Sabine Braun, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Gregory R. Goldsmith

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Rain recharges soil water storages and either percolates downward into aquifers and streams or is returned to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. Although it is commonly assumed that summer rainfall recharges plant-available water during the growing season, the seasonal origins of water used by plants have not been systematically explored. We characterize the seasonal origins of waters in soils and trees by comparing their midsummer isotopic signatures (δ2H) to seasonal isotopic cycles in precipitation, using a new seasonal origin index. Across 182 Swiss forest sites, xylem water isotopic signatures show that summer rain was not the predominant water source …

Ecological Response Of Phytoplankton To The Oil Spills In The Oceans, Danling Tang, Jing Sun, Li Zhou, Sufen Wang, Ramesh P. Singh, Gang Pan

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Oil spills in oceans have substantial influence on marine ecosystems. This study investigates 21 oil spills in the world. Analyzing Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiomerer (MODIS) data after Penglai oil spills on 4 June 2011, found a bloom with peak value of Chl-a (13.66 mg m⁻³) spread over an area of 800 km² during 18–25 June 2011, and a pronounced increase in the monthly Chl-a concentration (6.40 mg m⁻³) on June 2012 in the Bohai Sea. Out of the 21 oil spills, 14 blooms were observed, while 11 …

Estimating Live Fuel Moisture In Southern California Using Remote Sensing Vegetation Water Content Proxies, Shenyue Jia, Seung Hee Kim, Son V. Nghiem, Wonhee Cho, Menas Kafatos

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Wildfires are a major ecological disturbance in Southern California and often lead to great destruction along the Wildland-Urban Interface. Live fuel moisture has been used as an important indicator of wildfire risk in measurements of vegetation water content. However, the limited field measurements of live fuel moisture in both time and space have affected the accuracy of wildfire risk estimations. Traditional estimation of live fuel moisture using remote sensing data was based on vegetation indices, indirect proxies of vegetation water content and subject to influence from weather conditions. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of estimating live fuel moisture …

The Tensile Root Strength Of Emergent Coastal Macrophytes, Lauris Olivia Hollis

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Spartina patens is a dominant emergent macrophyte in fresh, intermediate, and brackish marshes along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States where its biomechanical properties are a key component of wetland health and resilience. Its root biomass and tensile root strength are essential for anchorage, erosion protection, and are important determinants of soil strength. Nutrients and the herbicide atrazine are suspected of negatively impacting this wetland plant and others. The objectives of this study were to: 1) ascertain the tensile root strength of five emergent coastal macrophytes in coastal estuaries, and 2) test the effects of nutrient addition, atrazine …

Synergistic Use Of Remote Sensing And Modeling To Assess An Anomalously High Chlorophyll-A Event During Summer 2015 In The South Central Red Sea, Wenzhao Li, Hesham El-Askary, K. P. Manikandan, Mohamed A. Qurban, Michael J. Garay, Olga V. Kalishnikova

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

An anomalously high chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) event (>2 mg/m3) during June 2015 in the South Central Red Sea (17.5° to 22°N, 37° to 42°E) was observed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from the Terra and Aqua satellite platforms. This differs from the low Chl-a values (<0.5 mg/m3) usually encountered over the same region during summertime. To assess this anomaly and possible causes, we used a wide range of oceanographical and meteorological datasets, including Chl-a concentrations, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), mixed layer depth (MLD), ocean current velocity and aerosol optical depth (AOD) obtained from different sensors and models. Findings confirmed this anomalous behavior in the spatial domain using Hovmöller data analysis techniques, while a time series analysis addressed monthly and daily variability. Our analysis suggests that a combination of factors controlling nutrient supply contributed to the anomalous phytoplankton growth. These factors include horizontal transfer of upwelling water through eddy circulation and possible mineral fertilization from atmospheric dust deposition. Coral reefs might have provided extra nutrient supply, yet this is out of the scope of our analysis. We thought that dust deposition from a coastal dust jet event in late June, coinciding with the phytoplankton blooms in the area under investigation, might have also contributed as shown by our AOD findings. However, a lag cross correlation showed a two- month lag between strong dust outbreak and the high Chl-a anomaly. The high Chl-a concentration at the edge of the eddy emphasizes the importance of horizontal advection in fertilizing oligotrophic (nutrient poor) Red Sea waters.

Development Of A Risk Assessment Framework To Predict Invasive Species Establishment For Multiple Taxonomic Groups And Vectors Of Introduction, Alisha D. Davidson, Abigail J. Fusaro, Rochelle A. Sturtevant, Edward S. Rutherford, Donna R. Kashian

Biological Sciences Faculty Research Publications

A thorough assessment of aquatic nonindigenous species’ risk facilitates successful monitoring and prevention activities. However, species- and vector-specific information is often limited and difficult to synthesize across a single risk framework. To address this need, we developed an assessment framework capable of estimating the potential for introduction, establishment, and impact by aquatic nonindigenous species from diverse spatial origins and taxonomic classification, in novel environments. Our model builds on previous approaches, while taking on a new perspective for evaluation across species, vectors and stages to overcome the limitations imposed by single species and single vector assessments. We applied this globally-relevant framework …

On Underestimation Of Global Vulnerability To Tree Mortality And Forest Die-Off From Hotter Drought In The Anthropocene, Craig D. Allen, David D. Breshears, Nate G. Mcdowell

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Patterns, mechanisms, projections, and consequences of tree mortality and associated broadscale forest die-off due to drought accompanied by warmer temperatures—‘‘hotter drought’’, an emerging characteristic of the Anthropocene—are the focus of rapidly expanding literature. Despite recent observational, experimental, and modeling studies suggesting increased vulnerability of trees to hotter drought and associated pests and pathogens, substantial debate remains among research, management and policy-making communities regarding future tree mortality risks. We summarize key mortalityrelevant findings, differentiating between those implying lesser versus greater levels of vulnerability. Evidence suggesting lesser vulnerability includes forest benefits of elevated [CO2] and increased water-use efficiency; observed and modeled increases …

Chlorophyll Fluorescence And Thermal Stress In Archaias Angulatus (Class Foraminifera), Heidi M. Toomey

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Benthic foraminifers that host algal symbionts are similar to corals in that they rely on their algal endosymbionts for their energy needs, calcify prolifically, and are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. They are abundant in the benthos of coastal coral-reef areas and are found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorometry and chlorophyll a extraction techniques were used to quantify and compare the photosynthetic responses of the benthic foraminiferal, Archaias angulatus and their isolated endosymbionts, Chlamydomonas hedleyi, to short-term changes in temperature. Maximum quantum efficiency (F_v/F_m) and rapid …

Dms Air/Sea Flux And Gas Transfer Coefficients From The North Atlantic Summertime Coccolithophore Bloom, Christa Marandino, Warren J. De Bruyn, Scott Miller, Eric S. Saltzman

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) atmospheric and oceanic concentrations and eddy covariance air/sea fluxes were measured over the N. Atlantic Ocean during July 2007 from Iceland to Woods Hole, MA, USA. Seawater DMS levels north of 55 degrees N ranged from 3 to 17 nM, with variability related to the satellite-derived distributions of coccoliths and to a lesser extent, chlorophyll. For the most intense bloom region southwest of Iceland, DMS air/sea fluxes were as high as 300 mu mol m(-2) d(-1), larger than current model estimates. The observations imply that gas exchange coefficients in this region are significantly greater than those estimated using …

Beach Vegetation And Oceanic Processes Study Of Popham State Park Beach, Reid State Park Beach, And Small Pt. Beach, Philip Trudeau, Paul J. Godfrey, Barry S. Timson

Maine Collection

Beach Vegetation and Oceanic Processes Study of Popham State Park Beach, Reid State Park Beach, and Small Pt. Beach

by Philip Trudeau, Paul J. Godfrey and Barry S. Timson

"Prepared Under Cooperative Agreement Between the Maine Department of Conservation and the Soil Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, September 1977."

On Cover: Time and Tide Resource Conservation and Development Project.

Contents: List of Figures / List of Tables / Introduction / Plant Community Research / Oceanic Processes / Historic Analysis of Barrier Beach Movement and Erosion / Dune Dynamics / Suggestions for Long Term Management / Appendices A - …

Progress And Data Available For Investigations, D Tennant

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

This report summarises progress and data available for the following investigations. 1. Fallow Re-assessment. 2. Root Penetration and Distribution in Wheat. 3. Moisture use by Lupins, Rape and Wheat. 4. Variety Investigations in respect of Root Growth. 72M29, 72MO41,

Summary Of 1973 Field Experiments With Advisers, M L. Poole

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

SECTION I: Effect of times of planting x Benlate seed treatment on incidence of blackleg in Span and Zephyr rapeseed. SECTION II: Rapeseed Variety Trials 1973 including times of planting. This report provides a record of two series of trials carried out in 1973. Trials - 73A4, 73AL10, 73AL11, 73AL12, 73BR9, 73BR12, 73BR13, 73ES7, 73ES8, 73GE3, 73JE4, 73JE5, 73KA3, 73KA7, 73M2, 73MO11, 73MO13, 73MT5, 73MT6, 73NA6, 73NA7. Effect of times of planting x Benlate seed treatment on incidence of blackleg in Span and Zephyr rapeseed, series of 12 trials were set up, mainly in the southern agricultural areas, near previous …

1973_Pasture Species Investigations - Wheatbelt, N. R. Mckeown

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Results from trials comparing the growth and persistence of a number of annual pasture legumes in 1973 are presented in this report. Rainfall conditions during the year are described briefly and a table of annual and growing season rainfall at relevant centres is appended. The experiments are grouped as follows according to average annual rainfall:- Zone A - Average annual rainfall 400 mm. Zone B - Average annual rainfall 345 - 400 mm. Zone C - Average annual rainfall 345 mm. and then further on soil type. 70GE4, 70ME3, 70ME4, 70NA3, 70TS2, 70TS5, 71LG16, 71TS22, 72LG3, 72LG26,

1973 Rates Of Phosphate On Lupin Yield, G Walton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Comments on Results - New Land sites (Graphs 1, 2) - The three sites were very responsive with the point of inflexion about 600 kg/ha super rate (similar to 1972 result). The seed x super rate interaction shows the quicker response to super with higher seeding rates. Low Super Bank (800 kg/ha) (GRAPH 3) - The two sites showed very little response to super applied. On the Eradu sandplain no response to super for either Unicrop or Wheat. On the Watheroo yellow sandplain (73M015) the two lupin cultivers and the wheat gave different responses. High Super Bank (>1 OOOkg/ha) …

1973 Time Of Planting And Rate Of Seeding On Lupin Yield, G Walton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Of the four time of planting trials two definitely showed superiority of earlier seeding (73BA5, 73E6). The two trials in the Southwest (73BR14 and 73MT7) gave highest yields with June sowing compared to May. Three trials (73BR14, 73E6 and 73BA5) appear to have a Variety x Time interaction for plant density, but no definite trend for either Uniharvest or Unicrop although later sowing reduced plant density. Seeding rates in excess of 82 kg/ha gave the highest yields in all trials. The rate of seeding experiments (73BA5 and 73MT7) show that the best crop density for yield (graph) lies between 8 …

1973 Lupin Cultivar Comparison, G Walton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Comparison of lupin varieties - 73LG6, 73LG7, 73LG78, 73A15, 73BA6, 73C3, 73MT8, 73MT20, 73N3.

1973 Pasture Species Investigations - High Rainfall Area, D. A. Nicholas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Clover cultivar grazing trial - North Bannister 2. Clover cultivar grazing trial - Chowerup 3. Pasture types x stocking rate trial - Denmark Research Station 4. Low oestrogen clover cultivar trial - Mobrup 5. Stocking rate and conservation for steer beef production - Mt. Barker Research Station. 6. Perennial versus annual grass grazing trial – Manjimup Research Station. 68NA1, 701BR15, 72D1, 68BR27, 71MTT46, 72MN5,

Time Of Planting And Rate Of Seeding On Lupin Yield, G Walton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Of the four time of planting trials twodefinitely showed superiority of earlier seeding (73BA5, 73E6). The two trials in the Southwest (73BR14 and 73MT7) gave highest yields with June sowing compared to May. Three trials (73BR14, 73E6 and 73BA5) appear to have a Variety x Time interaction for plant density, but no definite trend for either Uniharvest or Unicrop although later sowing reduced plant density. Seeding rates in excess of 82 kg/ha gave the highest yields in all trials. The rate of seeding experiments (73BA5 and 73MT7) show that the best crop density for yield (graph) lies between 8 and …