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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Climate
Climatic Impact Of The A.D. 1783 Asama (Japan) Eruption Was Minimal: Evidence From The Gisp2 Ice Core, G. A. Zielinski, R. J. Fiacco, Paul Andrew Mayewski, L. D. Meeker, S. Whitlow, M. S. Twickler, M. S. Germani, K. Endo, M. Yasui
Climatic Impact Of The A.D. 1783 Asama (Japan) Eruption Was Minimal: Evidence From The Gisp2 Ice Core, G. A. Zielinski, R. J. Fiacco, Paul Andrew Mayewski, L. D. Meeker, S. Whitlow, M. S. Twickler, M. S. Germani, K. Endo, M. Yasui
Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
Assessing the climatic impact of the A.D. 1783 eruption of Mt. Asama, Japan, is complicated by the concurrent eruption of Laki, Iceland. Estimates of the stratospheric loading of H2SO4 for the A.D. 1108 eruption of Asama derived from the SO42− time series in the GISP2 Greenland ice core indicate a loading of about 10.4 Tg H2SO4 with a resulting stratospheric optical depth of 0.087. Assuming sulfur emissions from the 1783 eruption were only one‐third of the 1108 event yields a H2SO4 loading value of 3.5 Tg and a stratospheric …
Rainfall Patterns For India’S Karnataka State Show Above-Normal Precipitation For 1994-98, M. B. Rajegowda, D. M. Gowda
Rainfall Patterns For India’S Karnataka State Show Above-Normal Precipitation For 1994-98, M. B. Rajegowda, D. M. Gowda
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The Karnataka state, confined roughly within 11.5° N and 18.5° N latitude and 74° E and 78.5° E longitude, is situated on a table land at the point where the western and eastern Ghat range enclose the Nilgiri hill complex. It is enclosed by chains of mountains to its west, east, and south. The state consists mainly of plateau, with a higher elevation of 600 to 900 m amsl in small portions of the extreme north and northwest Karnataka and the whole of the southern half, an elevation of 300 to 600 m amsl in the north, and an elevation …
Drought Vulnerability Of Rainfed Crops In Semiarid Tropics In India: New Methods Of Determining Rainfall Variability, U. S. Victor, N. N. Srivastava, P. Vijay Kumar
Drought Vulnerability Of Rainfed Crops In Semiarid Tropics In India: New Methods Of Determining Rainfall Variability, U. S. Victor, N. N. Srivastava, P. Vijay Kumar
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
In dryland areas of India, rainfall is the main source of water for raising crops. For these areas, the greatest problem is not water shortage per se, but rather the tremendous variability in rainfall from year to year and season to season. In planning for the coming season, we currently have little or no ability to predict the date of the onset of rains or their amount, distribution, or duration. However, uncertainty about rainfall is lessened when information is available concerning the possible variability and frequencies of historical occurrences of rainfall. This information can be obtained by coupling water use …
Ozone Heating And The Destabilization Of Traveling Waves During Summer, Terrence R. Nathan, Eugene Cordero, Long Li
Ozone Heating And The Destabilization Of Traveling Waves During Summer, Terrence R. Nathan, Eugene Cordero, Long Li
Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science
The effects of ozone heating on the linear stability of lower stratospheric traveling waves of the summertime, extratropical circulation are examined. Based on coupled equations for the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity and ozone volume mixing ratio, it is shown that the diabatic heating arising from ozone advection can offset the damping due to Newtonian cooling, leading to wave amplification and significant changes in the structure and zonally rectified fluxes of the wave fields in both the lower stratosphere and troposphere. The vertical profile of the zonal mean wind plays a crucial role in determining whether the ozone heating destabilizes eastward and/or …
Ozone Heating And The Destabilization Of Traveling Waves During Summer, Terrence R. Nathan, Eugene Cordero, Long Li
Ozone Heating And The Destabilization Of Traveling Waves During Summer, Terrence R. Nathan, Eugene Cordero, Long Li
Eugene C. Cordero
The effects of ozone heating on the linear stability of lower stratospheric traveling waves of the summertime, extratropical circulation are examined. Based on coupled equations for the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity and ozone volume mixing ratio, it is shown that the diabatic heating arising from ozone advection can offset the damping due to Newtonian cooling, leading to wave amplification and significant changes in the structure and zonally rectified fluxes of the wave fields in both the lower stratosphere and troposphere. The vertical profile of the zonal mean wind plays a crucial role in determining whether the ozone heating destabilizes eastward and/or …
Drought Profile: Haryana State In North India, K. Kailasa Nathan
Drought Profile: Haryana State In North India, K. Kailasa Nathan
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Haryana state is considered the breadbasket of India, along with the Punjab state. The effects of drought (and mitigation of those effects) are therefore of considerable importance for the state. This article considers the state’s drought “profile” through a study of six drought years in Haryana.
Haryana has a semiarid climate in the southwest and a Gangetic plain environment in the rest of the state. About 50% of the state has a moisture deficit. One of the reasons for adverse crop production in the state during June–September is the early withdrawal or late onset of monsoon rains, which contribute nearly …
Droughts Over Homogeneous Regions Of India: 1871–-1990, B. Parathasarathy, A. A. Munot, D. R. Kothawale
Droughts Over Homogeneous Regions Of India: 1871–-1990, B. Parathasarathy, A. A. Munot, D. R. Kothawale
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The summer monsoon (June through September), or southwest seasonal rains, contribute 78% of India’s annual rainfall. It is the greatest climatic water resource of India. The country’s agriculture and food production depend on these rains. Rainfed farming areas in India account for about 70% of the total arable land in the country, with nearly 100 million ha depending on the monsoon rains. The rains also contribute to power generation and industrial production.
Hydrometeorological Considerations For Rainwater Management During Drought Years In Peninsular India, J. B. Singh, B. V. Ramana Rao, J. C. Katyal
Hydrometeorological Considerations For Rainwater Management During Drought Years In Peninsular India, J. B. Singh, B. V. Ramana Rao, J. C. Katyal
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Peninsular India is located in the tropics; its climate ranges from arid conditions in the rain shadow region (under the influence of Eastern Ghats along the east coast and Western Ghats along the west coast) to humid conditions in regions adjoining the west coast. The average annual rainfall in the region varies from about 500 mm in the interior parts to more than 3000 mm on the crest of Western Ghats. The rainy season commences during the month of June because of the onset of the southwest monsoon near the tip of peninsular India. The southwest monsoon ends during September. …
Drought In Beijing, 1992-93, Zhuang Xie, Dagang Chen
Drought In Beijing, 1992-93, Zhuang Xie, Dagang Chen
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Beijing, located in northeast China, has a semiarid monsoon climate, with summer rainfall providing about 70% of the annual precipitation. This climate is conducive to crop growth, although insufficient summer rainfall in 1992–93 caused reductions in crop yields. Normalized departures of monthly precipitation (DR/R%) are shown in Figure 1. Although some months show above-normal precipitation (for example, November 1992, with a rainfall amount [43.3 mm] 7.5 times the normal), rainfall for the 1993 growing period was marked by negative departures from normal. Of the months of the 1993 growing season, only July recorded above-normal rainfall. Precipitation departures in May, September, …
Drought And Southern Africa: A Note From The Harare Regional Drought Monitoring Centre, Leonard S. Uganai
Drought And Southern Africa: A Note From The Harare Regional Drought Monitoring Centre, Leonard S. Uganai
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Drought is a normal part of southern Africa’s climate and one of the most important natural disasters in southern Africa. In fact, it is becoming increasingly unusual for drought not to occur somewhere in southern Africa each year. The dependence of most southern African economies on rainfed agriculture emphasizes the importance of drought early warning products for short- and long-term decision making in various sectors of the national economies of the region. Following the 1991–92 drought, which ravaged more than 80% of southern Africa, many in southern Africa now realize the value of meteorological information in weather-sensitive decisions. Requests for …
On The Low-Frequency Current And Temperature Fluctuations Along The Shelf Break In The South Atlantic Bight, Sunny Yu Wu
On The Low-Frequency Current And Temperature Fluctuations Along The Shelf Break In The South Atlantic Bight, Sunny Yu Wu
OES Theses and Dissertations
Current and temperature data collected along the shelf edge in the South Atlantic Bight were analyzed using a spectral analysis technique. The power spectra of both alongshore currents and temperatures (upon removal of seasonal trends) in the mid- to lower water column suggest a significant energy peak at 28 days. The spatial characteristics of the fluctuations around this period band were determined using the frequency domain empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis applied to the concurrent current and temperature records. Consistent results were obtained from the upstream side of the Charleston Bump. Around the 28-day period, temperature seems to have little …
Economic Impacts Emphasize Need For Greater Drought Planning And Management In El Salvador, Lidia Castillo
Economic Impacts Emphasize Need For Greater Drought Planning And Management In El Salvador, Lidia Castillo
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
In terms of drought management and preparedness, El Salvador is one of the most underdeveloped countries. Although the direct and indirect effects of drought are often costly for the country, no official drought policy exists. One of the most important direct effects of drought is the loss of high percentages of basic grains (beans, corn, rice, and a type of sorghum called maicillo); these grains (except for maicillo) form the basic diet. Among the indirect effects of drought is the reduction of national production as an effect of electric power rationing due to drought and sabotage of the national electric …
Drought Monitoring And Advisory Services In South Africa, M. V. Laing
Drought Monitoring And Advisory Services In South Africa, M. V. Laing
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The normal total rainfall for the summer rainfall areas in South Africa is 664 mm. Since 1963, the country has recorded 16 seasons below normal and 14 above normal. Since the 1982–83 season, 7 seasons have been below normal and 4 have been above normal. Of these last 11 years, two rainy seasons recorded less than 75% of normal rainfall, which is a coarse estimation of severe drought. These seasons were 1982–83, when an average total of only 408 mm was measured, and 1992–93, when the average total was 484 mm. Although 1991–92 has been called the worst drought this …
Drought Classifications And Crop Plans Developed For Tamilnadu, R. Kulandaivelu, K. Jayachandran
Drought Classifications And Crop Plans Developed For Tamilnadu, R. Kulandaivelu, K. Jayachandran
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
Drought is defined as inadequate soil moisture to support crop growth and normal yield. The degree of drought for a given location depends on the crop, rainfall and its distribution, soil type, and various management practices. Drought occurs frequently in Tamilnadu—some part of the state experiences drought every year.
The state of Tamilnadu is located in the southernmost tip of peninsular India. It lies between 8°5" and 13°35" latitude north and 76°15" and 80°20" longitude east, covering an area of 0.13 million km2 and including a long coastline (about 1,000 km). The mean annual rainfall is 945 mm, with 45 …
Persistent Drought In 1993 Affects Bulgarian Agriculture, Nikola Slavov, Vesselin Alexandrov
Persistent Drought In 1993 Affects Bulgarian Agriculture, Nikola Slavov, Vesselin Alexandrov
Drought Network News (1994-2001)
The drought of 1992 persisted through the winter of 1993 (see Drought Network News, Vol. 5, No. 2 [June 1993]:12-15). Figure 1 shows the monthly values of national rainfall in 1993 and their normal averages. National rainfall was 28% and 63%, respectively, of the mean during January and February 1993. During March, rainfall was about normal, but drought conditions persisted because of the rainfall deficit from the summer of 1992. Water supplies increased until 20 April 1993, but after this date, drought conditions returned. At the end of April, the soil moisture in the 0-20 cm layer was 10- 25 …
Two-Hundred-Year Record Of Biogenic Sulfur In A South Greenland Ice Core (20d), P. Y. Whung, E. S. Saltzman, M. J. Spencer, Paul Andrew Mayewski, N. Gundestrup
Two-Hundred-Year Record Of Biogenic Sulfur In A South Greenland Ice Core (20d), P. Y. Whung, E. S. Saltzman, M. J. Spencer, Paul Andrew Mayewski, N. Gundestrup
Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
The concentration of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) was determined in a shallow south central Greenland ice core(20D). This study provides a high-resolution record of the DMS-derived biogenic sulfur in Greenland precipitation over the past 200 years. The mean concentration of MSA is 3.30 ppb(σ = 2.38 ppb,n = 1134). The general trend of MSA is an increase from 3.01 to 4.10 ppb between 1767 and 1900, followed by a steady decrease to 2.34 ppb at the present time. This trend is in marked contrast to that of non-sea-salt sulfate (nss SO42-), which increases dramatically after 1900 due to …
Continuous Assimilation Of Geosat Altimeter Data Into A Three-Dimensional Primitive Equation Gulf Stream Model, Tal Ezer, George L. Mellor
Continuous Assimilation Of Geosat Altimeter Data Into A Three-Dimensional Primitive Equation Gulf Stream Model, Tal Ezer, George L. Mellor
CCPO Publications
A three-dimensional data assimilation scheme is described and tested, using the Geosat altimeter data and a high-resolution, primitive equation, numerical ocean model of the Gulf Stream region. The assimilation scheme is based on an optimal interpolation approach in which data along satellite tracks are continuously interpolated horizontally and vertically into the model grid and assimilated with the model prognostic fields. Preprocessed correlations between surface elevation anomalies and subsurface temperature and salinity anomalies are used to project surface information into the deep ocean; model and data error estimates are used to optimize the assimilation. Analysis fields derived from the Navy's Optimum …
The Importance Of Understanding Climate And The Use Of Climate Information, Stanley A. Changnon
The Importance Of Understanding Climate And The Use Of Climate Information, Stanley A. Changnon
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
In this paper, the interrelated issues of understanding climate and its importance are addressed through consideration of three factors. Considered first are the general views of climate, as seen by three principal groups who deal with climatic conditions; the public, the weather-sensitive sectors, and the scientific community. The second consideration is how the atmospheric sciences community and climatologists specifically, have helped society function. Finally, activities and knowledge of climate which are changing over time, are assessed. I want to stress these are views· developed over 43 years as an atmospheric scientist. I have had the privilege of conducting a wide …
Periodic And Homoclinic Orbits In A Toy Climate Model, M. Toner, A. D. Kirwan Jr.
Periodic And Homoclinic Orbits In A Toy Climate Model, M. Toner, A. D. Kirwan Jr.
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
A two dimensional system of autonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations models glacier growth and temperature changes on an idealized planet. We apply standard perturbative techniques from dynamical systems theory to study small amplitude periodic orbits about a constant equilibrium. The equations are put in cononical form and the local phase space topology is examined. Maximum and minimum periods of oscillation are obtained and related to the radius of the orbit. An adjacent equilibrium is shown to have saddle character and the inflowing and outflowing manifolds of this saddle are studied using numerical integration. The inflowing manifolds show the region of …
Invariant Manifolds Of A Toy Climate Model, Michael Toner
Invariant Manifolds Of A Toy Climate Model, Michael Toner
Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations
According to astronomical theory, ice ages are caused by variations in the Earth's orbit. However, ice core data shows strong fluctuations in ice volume at a low frequency not significantly present in orbital variations. To understand how this might occur, the dynamics of a two dimensional nonlinear differential equation representing glacier/temperature interaction of an idealized climate was studied. Self sustained oscillation of the autonomous equation was used to model the internal mechanisms that could produce these fluctuations. Periodic parametric modulation of a damped internal oscillation was used to model periodic climate response at double the external modulation period. Both phenomena …