Earth Sciences Commons^™

Experimental Study And Economic Evaluation Of Low Temperature Drying Treatment Of Abandoned Water-Based Drilling Fluid, Li Zhijun, Liu Xusan, Wang Bo, Zhao Wei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Abandoned water-based drilling fluids are the waste of oil drilling engineering operations. It will not only keep the cost of drilling fluid high, but also have a very adverse impact on the environment if it is directly discharged. Reusing of abandoned water-based drilling fluid after low-temperature drying treatment is one of treatment methods which is economic and conforms to the modern development trend. In this paper, the experimental study and economic evaluation of the low-temperature drying technology of polymer drilling fluid system, sulfonated drilling fluid system and Sichuan shale gas well drilling fluid system were conducted. The results show that …

Detection Accuracy Analysis Of Tsp And Its Application In A River-Crossing Tunnel Construction, Li Junjie, Zhang Honggang, He Jianshe, Rong Xin, Li Jianqiang, Guo Jiahao

Coal Geology & Exploration

Aiming at the problems of TSP such as long detection time and strong experience-depending, in order to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of TSP detection, we analyzed the key factors which affect data acquisition and processing accuracy of TSP and summarized the experiences of improving the detection efficiency of TSP. In combination with the TSP advanced geological prediction work in a river-crossing tunnel for water distribution project in Qiandaohu lake, the TSP tracing prediction or GPR detection in the area where the TSP resolution decreases were carried out and the geophysical abnormal area was verified by drilling. The results …

Occurrence Of Antimony In Magmatic Intrusive Coal Seam: A Case Study From The Wolonghu Coal Mine, Huaibei Coalfield, China, Ou Jinping, Zheng Liugen, Wei Xiangping, Liu Sikui, Li Liyuan, Liu Meng, Huang Xiaoyu

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to investigate the influence of magmatic alteration on the occurrence characteristics of antimony in coal seam, 12 samples of magmatic magma and coal were collected from Wolonghu coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, Anhui Province, and the content of Sb was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS). The coal quality parameters are analyzed. The results are as follows:the coal in Wolonghu magmatic intrusion area has the characteristics of ultra-low volatile matter, medium ash content and ultra-low sulfur content. And the main forms of sulfur in coal are organic sulfur and pyrite sulfur. Under the influence of magmatic hydrothermal solution, ash …

Technology And Application Of Indirect Fracturing In Cbm Vertical Well Of Broken And Soft Coal Seam With Low Permeability, Zhou Jiajia

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to solve the problems of pulverized coal output and fracturing fracture not easy to extend during fracturing operation in the broken and soft coal seam with low permeability, the adaptability and fracturing fracture distribution of CBM during indirect fracturing are studied by means of in-situ stress and numerical simulation, and the engineering practice of indirect fracturing has been tested in Hongshandian mining area of Hunan Province. The results show that indirect fracturing can effectively improve the fracturing effect of the broken and soft coal seam with low permeability, and increase the fracture length. When the roof and floor …

Coal Control Factors Of Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation In Beidatan Area, East Part Of The Northern Qaidam Basin, Peng Minghong, Tian Jingchun, Zhang Xiang, Chen Lei, Zeng Jianqiang, Wang Suying

Coal Geology & Exploration

The key of the coal exploration in Beidatan area of Qinghai Province is the coal accumulation environment in the sedimentary period and the control of coal seam occurrence by tectonic action before and after sedimentation. To identify Shimengou Formation coal controlling factors in Beidatan area, east part of the northern Qaidam basin, effectively guide the coal exploration of the coal bearing area, through field outcrops, drilling, geophysical prospecting and other geological information system, based on the analysis of coal accumulating environment and structural function of Shimengou Formation in Beidatan area, the control factors of coal were deeply discussed from coal …

Analysis And Application Of Key Influencing Factors Of Cbm Well Fracturing Effects In Shizhuang Area, Qinshui Basin, Xue Haifei, Zhu Guanghui, Wang Wei, Lu Xiaoxia, Wang Minghao, Wang Yanbin

Coal Geology & Exploration

CBM fracturing effect has many influencing factors. Development effect with the same technology is different in different area. Based on a large amount of geological and engineering data in Shizhuang block, it was found that high geo-stress affects fracture extension and support in CBM fracturing, and difference between horizontal stress affects fracture direction and morphology. Coal seam with poor coal structure can produce large amount of gum during fracturing, which will block the diversion channel and result in poor fracturing effect. Engineering factors affecting fracturing effect mainly include the fracturing fluids performance, displacement, prepad fluid proportion and hole enlargement ratio. …

Corrosion Behavior Analysis Of Sucker Rod For Coalbed Methane Wells In The Eastern Block Of Ordos Basin, Pang Bin, Wang Hanxiang, Lan Wenjian

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to make clear the corrosion rule of sucker rod for coalbed methane wells in the eastern block of Ordos basin, the paper summarizes the corrosion types and corrosion intensities of the sucker rod, based on the test of produced gas, produced water, corrosion products and weight loss of sucker rod. The paper analyzes the effect of different drainage stages, coal seam and mineralization degree of water on the corrosion. The results of the research indicate that corrosion is mainly caused by CO₂ and H₂S originated from No.5 coal seam and No.11 coal seam. The corrosion …

Shale Gas Potential Of Yanguanjie Formation And Longtan Formation In Central And Southeastern Hunan Province, Cao Taotao, Deng Mo, Liu Hu, Huang Yanran, Stefan Andrew Hurssthouse

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to reveal the shale gas potential and exploration direction of the marine-continental transitional shale in central and southeastern Hunan, samples were collected from the Lower Carboniferous Yanguanjie Formation and Upper Permian Longtan Formation, measurements were conducted on TOC, R_ran, kerogen carbon isotope, maceral composition, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, porosity, permeability and methane sorption capacity. The results indicate that Yanguanjie Formation and Longtan Formation shale are at the mature stage, and mainly dominated by type Ⅲ kerogen. The Longtan shale generally has higher TOC content, while Yanguanjie shale has usually low TOC content. The minerals are …

Application Of Seismic Exploration Technology In Forecasting Unconventional Gas Enrichment Area Of Coal Measures, Wang Shuwei

Coal Geology & Exploration

For forecasting unconventional gas enrichment area in coal measures of eastern Ordos basin, seismic exploration was used to forecast the gas in this new field. First of all, it took the post-stack impedance inversion to forecast the lithology of the reservoir, it can get the number of sample points from the impedance threshold, and get the thickness of time by cal-culating the sampling rate, after that it can get the strata thickness by multiplying the thickness of time and the velocities of strata; second, it took the pre-stack AVO inversion to forecast the lithology gas-bearing properties of the reservoir, based …

A Method Of Random Noise Suppression Based On Compressed Sensing, Yang Liangang, Li Lingyun, Yang Yumei, Qu Yuanji, Yan Ke

Coal Geology & Exploration

With the development of high precision seismic exploration technology, the use of high fidelity methods to improve the SNR of seismic data becomes the key to denoising. Curvelet threshold method can effectively suppress random noise, but at the same time the method is easy to produce pseudo Gibbs shock phenomenon, resulting in local distortion of the signal, thus affecting the processing effect. To solve this problem, a method of seismic signal denoising based on compressing sensing(CS) is presented in this paper. The method uses the difference between sparse representation of random noise and effective signal in curvelet sparse domain to …

A Pipeline Robot Detection Image Enhancement Method Based On Image Fusion And Improved Threshold, Yuan Mingdao, Tan Cai, Li Yang, Xu Yunqian, Zhang Xuhui, Yang Jingxue

Coal Geology & Exploration

Pipeline robot detection technology can quickly, accurately and intuitively identify the structure and hidden functional troubles of pipeline. However, due to the restriction of the pipeline environment, the detected images have problems such as uneven illumination, low contrast and blurred details. Therefore, an enhancement technique for detected image of pipeline robot is proposed. First, the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE) and homomorphic filtrate(HF) are applied to deal with the problem of uneven illumination and low contrast, and the result images of the two methods are fused. Secondly, the fusion images are transformed by the Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform(NSCT), and the improved …

Structural Optimization And Simulation Analysis Of High Reliability Wire-Line Coring Drilling Tools For Submarine Drilling Rigs, Wang Jialiang, Peng Fenfei, Wan Buyan, Zhou Yun

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to improve the working reliability of wire-line coring drilling tools used in submarine drilling rigs, based on the particularity of submarine environment, from the aspect of improvement of the single action performance of the single action mechanism and the working reliability of the suspension mechanism, the structural optimization of the single action mechanism was carried out, the numerical simulation analysis of the suspension mechanism was conducted by using ABAQUS simulation. The results show that the improved bearing assembly structure can restrain sea water corrosion, improve the centering effect of arbor and enhance the flexibility of bearing assembly. The …

Sevucas: A Novel Gis-Based Machine Learning Software For Seismic Vulnerability Assessment, Saro Lee, Mahdi Panahi, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Himan Shahabi, Mohsen Alizadeh, Ataollah Shirzadi, Khabat Khosravi, Assefa M. Melesse, Mohamad Yekrangnia, Fatemeh Rezaie, Hamindreza Moeini, Binh Thai Pham, Baharin Bin Ahmad

Department of Earth and Environment

Since it is not possible to determine the exact time of a natural disaster’s occurrence and the amount of physical and financial damage on humans or the environment resulting from their event, decision-makers need to identify areas with potential vulnerability in order to reduce future losses. In this paper, a GIS-based open source software entitled Seismic-Related Vulnerability Calculation Software (SEVUCAS), based on the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method and geographic information system, has been developed to assess seismic vulnerability by considering four groups of criteria (i.e., geotechnical, structural, socio-economic, and physical distance to needed facilities and away from …

Innovations In (U–Th)/He, Fission Track, And Trapped Charge Thermochronometry With Applications To Earthquakes, Weathering, Surface‐Mantle Connections, And The Growth And Decay Of Mountains, Alexis K. Ault, Cécile Gautheron, Georgina E. King

Geosciences Faculty Publications

A transformative advance in Earth science is the development of low‐temperature thermochronometry to date Earth surface processes or quantify the thermal evolution of rocks through time. Grand challenges and new directions in low‐temperature thermochronometry involve pushing the boundaries of these techniques to decipher thermal histories operative over seconds to hundreds of millions of years, in recent or deep geologic time and from the perspective of atoms to mountain belts. Here we highlight innovation in bedrock and detrital fission track, (U–Th)/He, and trapped charge thermochronometry, as well as thermal history modeling that enable fresh perspectives on Earth science problems. These developments …

Multi-Phased Hypogene Speleogenesis In A Marginal Horst Structure Of The Malé Karpaty Mountains, Slovakia, Pavel Bella, Pavel Bosák, Petr Mikysek, Juraj Littva, Helena Hercman, Jacek Pawlak

International Journal of Speleology

The Plavecká jaskyňa Cave on the western fault edge of the Malé Karpaty Mountains (western Slovakia) is a result of multi-phased hypogene speleogenesis. It formed in fractured Triassic carbonates by waters ascending along the Vienna Basin Transform Fault between Malé Karpaty Mountains and Záhorská nížina Lowland (the north-eastern part of the Vienna Basin) and/or the N–S-trending faults that intersect it in the cave vicinity. Morphologically, the cave is featured by (1) phreatic chimneys, cupolas, ceiling pockets, enlarged fissures with spongework cavities, upward wall channels and upward oriented large scallops, (2) epiphreatic flat corrosion bedrock floors, feeding fissures and wall water-table …

Harvesting Fertilized Rye Cover Crop: Simulated Revenue, Net Energy, And Drainage Nitrogen Loss, R. W. Malone, J. F. Obrycki, Douglas L. Karlen, T. C. Kaspar, D. B. Jaynes, T. B. Parkin, S. H. Lence, G. W. Feyereisen, Q. X. Fang, T. L. Richard, K. Gillette

Douglas L Karlen

Harvesting fertilized rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop has been suggested as a method to increase producer revenue and biofuel feedstock production, but drainage N loss impacts are currently unknown. Using the tested Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) across several N rates, spring application of 120 kg N ha^-1 prior to winter rye harvest reduced drainage N loss by 54% compared with no cover crop and by 18% compared with planted rye that was neither fertilized nor harvested. Estimates of producer revenue and net energy were also positive, with 8.3 Mg ha^-1 of harvested rye biomass. …

Impact Of Biochar Amendments On The Quality Of A Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil, David A. Laird, Pierce Fleming, Dedrick D. Davis, Robert Horton, Baiqun Wang, Douglas L. Karlen

Douglas L Karlen

Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20 g-biochar kg− 1 soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0–15 cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500 days at 25 °C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5 g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3 cm of soil for half of the columns. Once …

Regenerating Agricultural Landscapes With Perennial Groundcover For Intensive Crop Production, Kenneth J. Moore, Robert P. Anex, Amani E. Elobeid, Shuizhang Fei, Cornelia B. Flora, A. Susana Goggi, Keri L. Jacobs, Prashant Jha, Amy L. Kaleita, Douglas L. Karlen, David A. Laird, Andrew W. Lenssen, Thomas Lubberstedt, Marshall D. Mcdaniel, D. Raj Raman, Sharon L. Weyers

Douglas L Karlen

The Midwestern U.S. landscape is one of the most highly altered and intensively managed ecosystems in the country. The predominant crops grown are maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. They are typically grown as monocrops in a simple yearly rotation or with multiple years of maize (2 to 3) followed by a single year of soybean. This system is highly productive because the crops and management systems have been well adapted to the regional growing conditions through substantial public and private investment. Furthermore, markets and supporting infrastructure are highly developed for both crops. As maize and …

Biochar Impact On Nutrient Leaching From A Midwestern Agricultural Soil, David Laird, Pierce Flemming, Baiqun Wang, Robert Horton, Douglas Karlen

Douglas L Karlen

Application of biochar to highly weathered tropical soils has been shown to enhance soil quality and decrease leaching of nutrients. Little, however, is known about the effects of biochar applications on temperate region soils. Our objective was to quantify the impact of biochar on leaching of plant nutrients following application of swine manure to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Repacked soil columns containing 0, 5, 10, and 20 g-biochar kg− 1-soil, with and without 5 g kg− 1 of dried swine manure were leached weekly for 45 weeks. Measurements showed a significant decrease in the total amount of N, P, …

Mechanisms Of Ice Core Stable Isotope Variability In The Upper Kaskawulsh-Donjek Region, St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada, Erin A. Mcconnell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

I use instrumental and ice core records to examine drivers of observed isotope variability in the Upper Kaskawulsh-Donjek (UKD) region of the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada over the time frame of instrument-proxy overlap (mid-1900s to present). One of the drivers of post-depositional isotope signal alteration is the vertical percolation of meltwater from the glacier surface through shallow layers of snow, which causes a reduction in the amplitude of the isotope signal recorded in ice cores. I examine isotope signal preservation in two sites in the St. Elias Mountains: Eclipse Icefield and Icefield Divide. These sites are relatively close (~30 …

Fractures, Fluids, And Metamorphism: Shear Zone Initiation In The Marcy Anorthosite Massif, Adirondacks, New York, Usa, James Hodge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Localized shear zones are important rheological features that influence deformation behavior throughout the Earth’s middle-to-lower crust. Therefore, the processes through which shear zones initiate and localize remains an important geologic question. The study of strain localization and shear zone initiation is made difficult due to continued deformation overprinting the microstructures which lead to initiation and obfuscating the context in which localization occurred. The Marcy anorthosite in the Adirondack Highlands, New York, is a nominally granulite-facies, plagioclase-rich massif cut by centimeter-to-meter scale shear zones which provides a natural example of shear zone localization within the middle-to-lower crust. My work focuses on …

Small Soil C Cycle Responses To Three Years Of Cover Crops In Maize Cropping Systems, Anna M. Cates, Matthew D. Ruark, A. Stuart Grandy, Randall D. Jackson

Faculty Publications

Cover crops are touted for their ability to improve many ecosystem functions in annual cropping systems. In addition to water and nutrient retention, cover crops may influence C cycling by increasing total C inputs to the agroecosystem, stimulating microbial populations, altering main crop residue decomposition rate, or changing litter chemistry over time. We assessed whether annual (rye) or perennial (bluegrass) cover crops in maize cropping systems influenced maize residue decomposition (litterbags) or microbial communities (shotgun metagenomics) in soil and litter, and whether these cover crops had an effect on microbially active pools of C: particulate organic matter (POM) C and …

Modeling Surface Roughness As An Indicator Of Age And Landslide Susceptibility, And The Spatial Inventory Of Prehistoric Landslides: Green River Valley, Washington, Rebecca Naomi Garriss

Dissertations and Theses

Developing detailed landslide inventory maps of prehistoric landslides is essential to interpret the frequency and conditions under which slopes have failed. When coupled with age estimates, landslide inventories can yield better predictions for future slope failures, thereby improving hazard assessments and increasing chances for mitigation. Developing proxies for landslide age is an important area of research, but age dating prehistoric landslides can be challenging due to sparse datable organic material within landslide deposits, and to time or access constraints. In this thesis, surface roughness of the landslide deposit is used to construct a best-fit age-roughness model that quantitatively assigns age …

Creating Calibration Curves Using In Situ X-Ray Diffraction To Determine The Shock Pressure Experienced By Clinopyroxene, Laura Jenkins

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This work extends on two quantitative methods for evaluating shock metamorphism to include clinopyroxene using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Clinopyroxene samples experimentally shocked to known shock pressures were studied with XRD. Lattice strain (ε) and strain-related mosaicity (SRM) were measured for each sample and plotted against their known shock pressures, creating a ε versus shock pressure calibration curve and an SRM versus shock pressure calibration curve. These calibration curves were applied to three meteorites: Nakhla, Zagami, and ALHA 77005. The SRM calibration curve gave peak shock pressures of 12±8 GPa for Nakhla, 44±8 GPa for Zagami, and 68±8 GPa for ALHA …

Machine Learning Predicts Aperiodic Laboratory Earthquakes, Olha Tanyuk, Daniel Davieau, Charles South, Daniel W. Engels

SMU Data Science Review

In this paper we find a pattern of aperiodic seismic signals that precede earthquakes at any time in a laboratory earthquake’s cycle using a small window of time. We use a data set that comes from a classic laboratory experiment having several stick-slip displacements (earthquakes), a type of experiment which has been studied as a simulation of seismologic faults for decades. This data exhibits similar behavior to natural earthquakes, so the same approach may work in predicting the timing of them. Here we show that by applying random forest machine learning technique to the acoustic signal emitted by a laboratory …

Seasonal Variability Of Forces Controlling Sedimentation In The Sundarbans National Forest, Bangladesh, Carol A. Wilson, E. J. Bomer

Faculty Publications

Southwest Bangladesh, located on the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, is experiencing the impacts of sea level rise (SLR) due to processes at both the local and global scale. In particular, regional alterations of the hydrodynamic network, due to embankment construction, have drastically altered effective SLR, placing millions of inhabitants at risk of prolonged inundation, and threatening the world's largest continuous mangrove stand, the Sundarbans National Forest (SNF). In order to effectively employ landscape recovery solutions, an understanding of local sediment transport and deposition is critical. This field-based study investigates the sediment dynamics between the mangrove platform and tidal channels of the SNF …

In-Situ Zircon And Monazite Geochronology From Compositionally Distinct Layers In A Single Migmatitic Paragneiss Sample Located In The Eastern Adirondack Mountains, Ny, Kaitlyn Suarez

Masters Theses

Migmatites are a common rock type in the Adirondack Mountains, NY. We analyzed a single sample of biotite-garnet-sillimanite paragneiss with foliation parallel leucosome along Route 22 south of Whitehall, NY in order to determine the timing of melting using both in-situ monazite and zircon U/Pb geochronology from the restite and leucosome layers of the same rock. Monazite was analyzed via in-situ EMPA on the Ultrachron microprobe at the University of Massachusetts. Zircon was analyzed via LA-ICP-MS (in-situ and mounted mineral separates) at the LaserChron Center. Monazite analyses from the restite yielded six compositionally distinct populations with dates of 1178 ± …

Assessing Diagenetic Conditions In The Late Triassic Chinle Formation Through Petrographic And Geochemical Analysis Of Phytosaur Teeth, John Fortner

Earth Sciences Theses and Dissertations

The Upper Triassic (Norian; ~227-208 Ma) Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest (PeFo) National Park was deposited during a time of major tectonic breakup and profound changes in atmospheric circulation and faunal compositions. Little has been done however to assess whether surficial paleoenvironmental trends related to deterioration of the Late Triassic Megamonsoon resulted in similar trends in the early diagenetic environment. Here, we use phytosaur tooth dentin as a proxy for diagenetic conditions in the Chinle of PEFO, as its greater susceptibility to chemical alteration relative to enamel makes it an excellent substrate from which changing diagenetic conditions may be studied …

Fluid-Mobile Trace Element Variability Of Serpentinites And Entrained Crustal Rocks Across The Mariana Forearc System, Raymond M. Johnston

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the Mariana subduction system, active serpentinite mud volcanoes are associated with the subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Philippine plate in a non-accretionary convergent plate margin. This location offers a unique opportunity to study the subduction zone interface with little crustal contamination. The systematics of fluid-mobile trace elements (FME) (As, Cs, Rb, Sb, Tl, Pb, and Sr) in erupted serpentinite muds and entrained serpentinized ultramafic and mafic clasts can place constraints on the release of slab-derived fluids from the downgoing plate, and ultimately the pressure/temperature (P/TC°) conditions at which these fluids are mobilized.

The samples analyzed in this …

2-D And 3-D Temporal Modeling Of Solute Migration Through Low Permeable Media Using Electrical Resistivity, Nacogdoches County, Texas, Kaleb Henry, Kevin W. Stafford, Wesley Brown, Melinda Faulkner, Matthew Mcbroom

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Reklaw Formation is the upper bounding unit for the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer throughout the Gulf Coastal Plain of East Texas and consists of low permeability, glauconite-rich strata that isolate semi-confined portions of the aquifer system from potential contaminants. Electrical resistivity methods were employed within a forested watershed in Nacogdoches County, Texas to characterize solute transport. 2-D and 3-D temporal resistivity data collected with an AGI SuperSting (R8/IP) were processed with AGI Earthimager 2D/3D software for inversion modeling. Data were collected over 135 days within a 14 X 26 meter (46 X 85 feet) gridded survey at 15-day intervals after initiation …