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Full-Text Articles in Analytical Chemistry
The Analysis Of Protein-Bound Thiocyanate In Plasma Of Smokers And Non-Smokers As A Marker Of Cyanide Exposure, Stephanie L. Youso, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
The Analysis Of Protein-Bound Thiocyanate In Plasma Of Smokers And Non-Smokers As A Marker Of Cyanide Exposure, Stephanie L. Youso, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
Brian Logue
When cyanide is introduced into the body, it quickly transforms through a variety of chemical reactions, normally involving sulfur donors, to form more stable chemical species. Depending on the nature of the sulfur donor, cyanide may be transformed into free thiocyanate, the major metabolite of cyanide transformation, 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid or protein-bound thiocyanate (PB-SCN) adducts. Because protein adducts are generally stable in biological systems, it has been suggested that PB-SCN may have distinct advantages as a marker of cyanide exposure. In this study, plasma was analyzed from 25 smokers (chronic low-level cyanide exposure group) and 25 non-smokers for PB-SCN. The amount …
The Analysis Of Cyanide And Its Breakdown Products In Biological Samples, Brian A. Logue, Diane M. Hinkens, Steven I. Baskin, Gary A. Rockwood
The Analysis Of Cyanide And Its Breakdown Products In Biological Samples, Brian A. Logue, Diane M. Hinkens, Steven I. Baskin, Gary A. Rockwood
Brian Logue
Cyanide is a toxic chemical that may be introduced into living organisms as a result of natural processes and/or anthropogenic uses (legal or illicit). Exposure to cyanide can be verified by analysis of cyanide or one of its breakdown products from biological samples. This verification may be important for medical, law-enforcement, military, forensic, research, or veterinary purposes. This review will discuss current bioanalytical techniques used for the verification of cyanide exposure, identify common problems associated with the analysis of cyanide and its biological breakdown products, and briefly address the metabolism and toxicokinetics of cyanide and its breakdown products in biological …
Simultaneous High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Hplc-Ms-Ms) Analysis Of Cyanide And Thiocyanate From Swine Plasma, Raj K. Bhandari, Erica Manandhar, Robert P. Oda, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
Simultaneous High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Hplc-Ms-Ms) Analysis Of Cyanide And Thiocyanate From Swine Plasma, Raj K. Bhandari, Erica Manandhar, Robert P. Oda, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
Brian Logue
An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in swine plasma was developed and validated. Cyanide and thiocyanate were simultaneously analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in negative ionization mode after rapid and simple sample preparation. Isotopically labeled internal standards, Na13C15N and NaS13C15N, were mixed with swine plasma (spiked and nonspiked), proteins were precipitated with acetone, the samples were centrifuged, and the supernatant was removed and dried. The dried samples were reconstituted in 10 mM ammonium formate. Cyanide was reacted with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde and taurine to form N-substituted …
Determination Of Dimethyl Trisulfide In Rabbit Blood Using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Erica Mananadhar, Nujud Maslamani, Ilona Petrikovics, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
Determination Of Dimethyl Trisulfide In Rabbit Blood Using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Erica Mananadhar, Nujud Maslamani, Ilona Petrikovics, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
Brian Logue
Cyanide poisoning by accidental or intentional exposure poses a severe health risk. The current Food and Drug Administration approved antidotes for cyanide poisoning can be effective, but each suffers from specific major limitations concerning large effective dosage, delayed onset of action, or dependence on enzymes generally confined to specific organs. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), a sulfur donor that detoxifies cyanide by converting it into thiocyanate (a relatively nontoxic cyanide metabolite), is a promising next generation cyanide antidote. Although a validated analytical method to analyze DMTS from any matrix is not currently available, one will be vital for the approval of DMTS …
Determination Of Cyanide Exposure By Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis Of Cyanide-Exposed Plasma Proteins, Stephanie L. Youso, Gary A. Rockwood, John A. Lee, Brian A. Logue
Determination Of Cyanide Exposure By Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis Of Cyanide-Exposed Plasma Proteins, Stephanie L. Youso, Gary A. Rockwood, John A. Lee, Brian A. Logue
Brian Logue
Exposure to cyanide can occur in a variety of ways, including exposure to smoke from cigarettes or fires, accidental exposure during industrial processes, and exposure from the use of cyanide as a poison or chemical warfare agent. Confirmation of cyanide exposure is difficult because, in vivo, cyanide quickly breaks down by a number of pathways, including the formation of both free and protein-bound thiocyanate. A simple method was developed to confirm cyanide exposure by extraction of protein-bound thiocyanate moieties from cyanide-exposed plasma proteins. Thiocyanate was successfully extracted and subsequently derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide for GC–MS analysis. Thiocyanate levels as low …
Cyanide Toxicokinetics: The Behavior Of Cyanide, Thiocyanate And 2-Amino-2-Thiazoline-4-Carboxylic Acid In Multiple Animal Models, Raj K. Bhandari, Robert P. Oda, Ilona Petrikovics, David E. Thompson, Matthew Brenner, Sari B. Mahon, Vikhyat S. Bebarta, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
Cyanide Toxicokinetics: The Behavior Of Cyanide, Thiocyanate And 2-Amino-2-Thiazoline-4-Carboxylic Acid In Multiple Animal Models, Raj K. Bhandari, Robert P. Oda, Ilona Petrikovics, David E. Thompson, Matthew Brenner, Sari B. Mahon, Vikhyat S. Bebarta, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue
Brian Logue
Cyanide causes toxic effects by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in cellular hypoxia and cytotoxic anoxia, and can eventually lead to death. Cyanide exposure can be verified by direct analysis of cyanide concentrations or analyzing its metabolites, including thiocyanate (SCN−) and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) in blood. To determine the behavior of these markers following cyanide exposure, a toxicokinetics study was performed in three animal models: (i) rats (250–300 g), (ii) rabbits (3.5–4.2 kg) and (iii) swine (47–54 kg). Cyanide reached a maximum in blood and declined rapidly in each animal model as it was absorbed, distributed, metabolized and …