Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Applicability Of Web 2.0: Training For Tactical Military Applications, Maurice Dawson

Maurice Dawson

This paper is a report on the findings of a study conducted on a doctoral level virtual course utilizing Second Life for usability and interaction. The project from this course allowed for further exploration of training servicemen from other nations in decision making techniques to include a level of familiarization with various technologies. As Second Life is a low cost tool this could prove invaluable to offset training costs to involve getting servicemen to understand technologies through simulation. Currently the available tools are costly and as government looks for ways to save costs Second Life can prove to be a …

Governing Nanotechnology For Solar Fuels: Towards A Jurisprudence Of Global Artificial Photosynthesis, Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

The carbon-based fossil fuels (chiefly oil, coal, and natural gas) implicated in anthropogenic climate change are sequestered outcomes of millions of years of natural photosynthesis. Many emerging areas of nanotechnology research are focusing on artificial photosynthesis as a long-term planetary renewable energy and carbon management option – by providing an alternative form of energy to both fossil fuels and biofuels and as a means of stabilising atmospheric CO2. A macroscience Global Artificial Photosynthesis (GAP) Project, by allowing researchers to refine and enhance the process of photosynthesis, has the potential to become a valuable adjunct to or even supplant other bioenergy …

Artificial Photosynthesis: Feeding And Fuelling The Future, Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

Large research teams in many nations are using nanotechnology to actively redesign photosynthetic components such as light capture antennae, artificial reaction centre proteins, organic polymers and inorganic catalysts. A major aim was to achieve low cost, localised, off-the electricity grid use of sunlight to split water and achieve hydrogen for fuel cells or compression and hyper-cooling to form a liquid fuel that when burnt produces fresh water. The first international conference dedicated to creating a Global Artificial Photosynthesis (GAP) project was held in Australia at Lord Howe Island on 14-18 August 2011. As well as having endorsement from the UNESCO …

Global Artificial Photosynthesis: A Scientific And Legal Introduction., Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

With the global human population set to exceed 10 billion by 2050, its collective energy consumption to rise from 400 to over 500 EJ/yr and with the natural environment under increasing pressure from these sources as well as from anthropogenic climate change, political solutions such as the creation of an efficient carbon price and trading scheme may arrive too late. In this context, the scientific community is exploring technological remedies. Central to these options is artificial photosynthesis – the creation, particularly through nanotechnology, of devices capable to doing what plants have done for millions of years – transforming sunlight, water …

Will International Trade Law Promote Or Inhibit Global Artificial Photosynthesis, Thomas A. Faunce

Thomas A Faunce

Artificial photosynthesis (AP) is an area of well-advanced research involving large international groups at the cutting edge of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. In simple terms it offers to produce a cheap source of hydrogen for fuel through using sunlight to split water, as well as making basic starches by a process involving absorption of carbon dioxide via the enzyme RuBisCO. As the proliferating numbers of university-based research teams working in this area begin to combine, there will be a natural escalation of the expected time for a global roll-out of AP domestic and international devices. Policy attention will then turns …

129xe-Cs (D1,D2) Versus 129xe-Rb (D1) Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping At High Xenon Densities Using High-Power Laser Diode Arrays, Nicholas Whiting, Neil A. Eschmann, Michael J. Barlow, Boyd M. Goodson

Nicholas Whiting

Offshore Wind Energy: Public Perspectives And Policy Considerations, Erik Edward Nordman

Erik Edward Nordman

West Michigan Wind Assessment Issue Brief #3 This brief examines the social issues related to offshore wind energy including public acceptance, visibility, noise, and tourism. The final section reviews wind energy policy and regulatory issues in Michigan's Great Lakes.

Citizens Views On Offshore Wind: Benefits, Challenges, And Information Gaps, Erik Edward Nordman, Jon Vandermolen, Betty Gajewski, Aaron Ferguson

Erik Edward Nordman

West Michigan Wind Assessment Issue Brief #4 The brief summarizes a public engagement program on the perceived benefits and challenges of potential offshore wind energy development in Lake Michigan. The Delphi Inquiry approach was used to find an informed group consensus on several topics. Offshore wind energy may be more acceptable if property values, tourism, and scenic vista are not significantly impacted, it reduces fossil fuel use and pollution, and if coastal communities benefit.

The Generalized Shrinkage Estimator For The Analysis Of Functional Connectivity Of Brain Signals, Mark Fiecas, Hernando Ombao

Mark Fiecas

We develop a new statistical method for estimating functional connectivity between neurophysiological signals represented by a multivariate time series. We use partial coherence as the measure of functional connectivity. Partial coherence identifies the frequency bands that drive the direct linear association between any pair of channels. To estimate partial coherence, one would first need an estimate of the spectral density matrix of the multivariate time series. Parametric estimators of the spectral density matrix provide good frequency resolution but could be sensitive when the parametric model is misspecified. Smoothing-based nonparametric estimators are robust to model misspecification and are consistent but may …

Community And Stakeholder Consultation For The Lake Macquarie Waterway Flood Management Plan (Report), Neil Dufty

Neil Dufty

No abstract provided.

A New Acridine-Imidazolium-Based Cholestane Receptor For Anion Sensing, Jyoti Ramesh Jadhav, Md Wasi Ahmad, Hong Seok Kim

Dr. Mohammad Wasi Ahmad (Md Wasi Ahmad)

A new highly selective receptor (3) based on an acridine-imidazolium functionalized cholestane for anion sensing was designed and synthesized. A binding study of 3 with various anions was assessed by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies in dry CH3CN. Receptor 3 showed the highest selectivity toward hydrogen pyrophosphate.

Pyrenyl-Appended Imidazolium Receptor For Selective Fluorescence Sensing Of Oxalic Acid, Md Wasi Ahmad, Sung Hong Kim, Hong Seok Kim

Dr. Mohammad Wasi Ahmad (Md Wasi Ahmad)

A new fluorescent imidazolium-based cholestane receptor 4 bearing a pyrene moiety was synthesized. The binding ability of 4 toward various dicarboxylic acids was examined by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Receptor 4 showed the highest binding constant for oxalic acid among all the tested dicarboxylic acids. Oxalic acid formed a complex with 4 with a 1:2 ratio in ethanol.

National Estimates Of The Prevalence Of Alzheimer's Disease In The United States, Ron Brookmeyer, Denis Evans, Liesi Hebert, Langa Kenneth, Heeringa Steven, Plassman Brenda, Kukull Kenneth

Ron Brookmeyer

Several methods of estimating prevalence of dementia are presented in this article. For both Brookmeyer and the Chicago Health and Aging project (CHAP), the estimates of prevalence are derived statistically, forward calculating from incidence and survival figures. The choice of incidence rates on which to build the estimates may be critical. Brookmeyer used incidence rates from several published studies, whereas the CHAP investigators applied the incidence rates observed in their own cohort. The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) and the East Boston Senior Health Project (EBSHP) were sample surveys designed to ascertain the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. …

Statistical Considerations In Determining Hiv Incidence From Changes In Hiv Prevalence, Ron Brookmeyer, Jacob Konikoff

Ron Brookmeyer

The development of methods for estimating HIV incidence is critical for tracking the epidemic and for designing, targeting and evaluating HIV prevention efforts. One method for estimating incidence is based on changes in HIV prevalence. That method is attracting increased attention because national population-based HIV prevalence surveys, such as Demographic and Health Surveys, are being conducted throughout the world. Here, we consider some statistical issues associated with estimating HIV incidence from two population-based HIV prevalence surveys conducted at two different points in time. We show that the incidence estimator depends on the relative survival rate. We evaluate the sensitivity of …

Closing The Loop: Involving Faculty In The Assessment Of Scientific And Quantitative Reasoning Skills Of Biology Majors, C. A. Hurney, J. Brown, H. P. Griscom, E. Kancler, C. J. Wigtil, Donna L. Sundre

Donna L. Sundre

No abstract provided.

Ticl(Oipr)3-Mediated One-Pot Reductive Amination Of 1,1'-Diacetylferrocene With Aryl Amines, Md Wasi Ahmad, Sang Yeon Lee, Tae Jeong Kim, Hong Seok Kim

Dr. Mohammad Wasi Ahmad (Md Wasi Ahmad)

No abstract provided.

Reverse Logic - Safety Of Spent Nuclear Fuel Disposal, Antti Lempinen, Marianne Silvan-Lempinen

Antti Lempinen

No abstract provided.

The Homotopy Perturbation Method For Free Vibration Analysis Of Beam On Elastic Foundation, Baki Ozturk, Safa Bozkurt Coskun

Safa Bozkurt Coskun

In this study, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is applied to free vibration analysis of beam on elastic foundation. This numerical method is applied on three different axially loaded cases, namely: 1) one end fixed, the other end simply supported; 2) both ends fixed and 3) both ends simply supported cases. Analytical solutions and frequency factors are evaluated for different ratios of axial load N acting on the beam to Euler buckling load, Nr. The application of HPM for the particular problem in this study gives results which are in excellent agreement with both analytical solutions and the variational iteration …

Dark-Current-Free Petawatt Laser-Driven Wakefield Accelerator Based On Electron Self-Injection Into An Expanding Plasma Bubble, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Sunghwan A. Yi, Arnaud Beck, Agustin F. Lifschitz, Xavier Davoine, Erik Lefebvre, Vladimir N. Khudik, Gennady Shvets, Michael C. Downer

Serge Youri Kalmykov

A dark-current-free plasma accelerator driven by a short (~ 150 fs) self-guided petawatt laser pulse is proposed. The accelerator uses two plasma layers, one of which, short and dense, acts as a thin nonlinear lens. It is followed by a long rarefied plasma (~ 10^{17} electrons cm^{−3}) in which background electrons are trapped and accelerated by a nonlinear laser wakefield. The pulse overfocused by the plasma lens diffracts in low-density plasma as in vacuum and drives in its wake a rapidly expanding electron density bubble. The expanding bubble effectively traps initially quiescent electrons. The trapped charge given by quasi-cylindrical three-dimensional …

Hamiltonian Analysis Of Electron Self-Injection And Acceleration Into An Evolving Plasma Bubble, Sunghwan A. Yi, Vladimir N. Khudik, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Gennady Shvets

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Injection and acceleration of the background plasma electrons in laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) operated in the blowout (‘bubble’) regime are analysed. Using a model of a slowly expanding spherical plasma bubble propagating with an ultra-relativistic speed, we derive a sufficient condition for the electron injection: the change in the electron’s Hamiltonian in the co-moving with the bubble reference frame must exceed its rest mass energy m_{e}c^2. We demonstrate the existence of the minimal expansion rate of the bubble needed for electron injection. We demonstrate that if the bubble’s expansion is followed by its stabilization or contraction, then a quasi-monoenergetic electron …

Epoxi: Comet 103p/Hartley 2 Observations From A Worldwide Campaign ; Astrophysical Journal Letters, K. J. Meech, M. F. A'Hearn, J. A. Adams, P. Bacci, J. Bai, L. Barrera, M. Battelino, J. M. Bauer, E. Becklin, B. Bhatt, N. Biver, D. Bockelee-Morvan, D. Bodewits, H. Bohnhardt, J. Boissier, B. P. Bonev, W. Borghini, J. R. Brucato, E. Bryssinck, M. W. Buie, H. Canovas, D. Castellano, S. B. Charnley, W. P. Chen, P. Chiang, Y. J. Choi, D. J. Christian, Y. L. Chuang, Anita L. Cochran, P. Colom, M. R. Combi, I. M. Coulson, J. Crovisier, N. Dello Russo, K. Dennerl, K. Dewahl, M. A. Disanti, M. Facchini, T. L. Farnham, Y. Fernandez, H. G. Floren, U. Frisk, T. Fujiyoshi, R. Furusho, T. Fuse, G. Galli, D. A. Garcia-Hernandez, A. Gersch, Z. Getu

Erika Gibb

In Situ Checks Of Sonic Anemometer Temperature Calibration, David Cook, Michael Negale

Michael Negale

The temperature calibration of the Gill Instruments WindMasterPro sonic anemometer used in the SGP ACRF ECOR systems is a curve, but is approximated as a linear fit for field use. The linear fit is only applied to the calculation of sensible heat flux and not to the reported temperature, and results in an underestimate of sensible heat flux during cold ambient temperatures and an overestimate during hot ambient temperatures. In situ calibrations performed using five years of ARM SGP ACRF data reveal how poorly the temperature is measured by the ECOR using the linear fit. Linear and non-linear in situ …

Early Magnetic B-Type Stars: X-Ray Emission And Wind Properties, Lidia Oskinova, Helge Todt, Richard Ignace, John Brown, Joseph Cassinelli, Wolf-Rainer Hamann

Richard Ignace

We present a comprehensive study of X-ray emission and wind properties of magnetic early B-type stars. We compile the complete sample of early B-type stars with detected magnetic fields to date and existing X-ray measurements, in order to study whether the X-ray emission can be used as a general proxy for stellar magnetism. For the first time we analyze the UV spectra of B stars with magnetic fields by means of non-LTE iron-blanketed stellar atmosphere model that account for the X-rays at the intensity and temperatures observed. The mass-loss rates inferred from the analysis of UV lines are significantly lower …

An Introduction To Propensity-Score Methods For Reducing Confounding In Observational Studies, Peter C. Austin

Peter Austin

The propensity score is the probability of treatment assignment conditional on observed baseline characteristics. The propensity score allows one to design and analyze an observational (non-randomized) study so that it mimics some of the particular characteristics of a randomized controlled trial. In particular, the propensity score is a balancing score: conditional on the propensity score, the distribution of observed baseline covariates will be similar between treated and untreated subjects. We describe four different propensity score methods: matching on the propensity score, stratification on the propensity score, inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score, and covariate adjustment using the …

Novel Applications Of Nanowires In Different Aspects Of Life. A Short Review, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr

Dr. Mohammad Mansoob Khan

Nanowires exhibits novel electronic, thermal, electrochemical, optical and catalytic properties owing to their unique structural one-dimensionality and possible quantum confinement effects in two dimensions. With a broad selection of compositions and band structures, these one-dimensional nanostructures are considered to be the critical components in a wide range of potential nanoscale device applications. The nanowires show a strong broadband optical absorption, which makes them an interesting candidate to serve as an absorber in solar cells. The operation of a solar cell is demonstrated with n-doped nanowires grown on a p-doped silicon wafer. Single or by combing the unique properties shown by …

Anthropogenic Contamination In Sanka Stream – Determination Of The Caffeine Concentration, Agnieszka Jagoda, Witold Żukowski

Witold Zukowski

Caffeine is a widely consumed pharmaceutical. Despite it's easily metabolized in the organism, caffeine is present in wastewaters generated by households. When untreated wastewaters are discharged into surface waters caffeine levels can increase. Therefore, its detection in waterways can be considered as an indicator of anthropogenic pollution. This paper presents the results of determination of caffeine in Sanka and its tributaries. The Sanka stream has its origin in the areas lying to the north-west of the city of Krakow, and an outlet in the western part of the city (Bielany). Sanka is a left-bank tributary of the Vistula. Sanka is …

The Scythe Statistical Library: An Open Source C++ Library For Statistical Computation, Kevin M. Quinn, Daniel Pemstein, Andrew D. Martin

Kevin M. Quinn

No abstract provided.

Mcmcpack: Markov Chain Monte Carlo In R, Kevin M. Quinn, Andrew D. Martin, Jong Hee Park

Kevin M. Quinn

No abstract provided.

Activated Carbons: Preparations And Characterizations, Mohammed Danish

Dr. Mohammed Danish

No abstract provided.

Extracting Information From Functional Connectivity Maps Via Function-On-Scalar Regression, Philip T. Reiss, Maarten Mennes, Eva Petkova, Lei Huang, Matthew J. Hoptman, Bharat B. Biswal, Stanley J. Colcombe, Xi-Nian Zuo, Michael P. Milham

Philip T. Reiss

Functional connectivity of an individual human brain is often studied by acquiring a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, and mapping the correlation of each voxel's BOLD time series with that of a seed region. As large collections of such maps become available, including multisite data sets, there is an increasing need for ways to distill the information in these maps in a readily visualized form. Here we propose a two-step analytic strategy. First, we construct connectivity-distance profiles, which summarize the connectivity of each voxel in the brain as a function of distance from the seed, a functional relationship …