Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

An Analysis Of The Clear Horizons Program In Perry County, Kentucky On Smoking Cessation, Julia Kollitz

Lewis Honors College Thesis Collection

Perry County is an Appalachian county located in southeastern Kentucky. The population is 28,473 people (United States Census Bureau, 2020). It is a predominately white community, with 95.9% of people falling in this category, which is higher than the national percentage of 75.8% (United States Census Bureau, 2020). Being a rural county, this community uses few news sources, with the primary outlet being WYMT Eastern Kentucky News. This news outlet is a subset of CBS (WYMT, 2023). When comparing statewide and nationwide data, Perry County does consistently worse. They have a high school graduation rate that is lower than the …

Assessing The Testability Of The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) In Predicting Vaping Quitting Behavior Among Young Adults In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Chia-Liang Dai, Traci Hayes, Melinda J. Ickes, Tejinder Pal Singh

Social & Behavioral Health Faculty Publications

Purpose: Given the increased exposure to e-cigarettes and nicotine among young adults, difficulty in quitting vaping is likely, which supports the need for effective behavioral interventions. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to assess the testability of the contemporary multi-theory model of health behavior change in predicting the vaping quitting behavior among young adults in the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 619 young adults engaged in vaping behavior and aged 18–24 years was recruited to complete a 49-item web-based survey. A structural equation model was used to test relationships between MTM constructs. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to …

Studying Stimuli And Smoking Behaviors Among Self-Identified Gifted Smokers And Strategies For Customizing Cessation Support, Danae Deligeorges, Michele Kane, Paraskevi Katsaounou

Special Education Faculty Publications

The aim of the study was to examine smoking habits and triggers among self-identified gifted (inner experiences and awareness qualitatively different from the norm in terms of asynchronous development, advanced cognitive abilities, and heightened intensity) adults in order to customize smoking cessation support.

Cancer Rates Not Explained By Smoking: A County-Level Analysis, Douglas J. Myers, Polly Hoppin, Molly Jacobs, Richard Clapp, David Kriebel

Public Health and Population Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Debates over the importance of “lifestyle” versus “environment” contributions to cancer have been going on for over 40 years. While it is clear that cigarette smoking is the most significant cancer risk factor, the contributions of occupational and environmental carcinogens in air, water and food remain controversial. In practice, most cancer prevention messaging focuses on reducing cigarette smoking and changing other personal behaviors with little mention of environmental chemicals, despite widespread exposure to many known carcinogens. To inform decision-making on cancer prevention priorities, we evaluated the potential impact of smoking cessation on cancer rates.

Methods: Using cancer …

Does Access To Telephone Counseling Improve Smoking Cessation In Disadvantaged Populations?, Karin Warden-Thomas

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Tobacco usage leads to the development of a multitude of diseases. Years of research have shown that evidence-based interventions such as counseling and pharmacotherapy increase smoking quit rates. Studies have demonstrated that either proactive or reactive telephone counseling has been beneficial in providing long term smoking abstinence particularly in disadvantaged populations (Haas et al., 2015). The purpose of the project was to improve smoking cessation by facilitating access to telephone counseling using an electronic medical order. The Stevens Star Model of Knowledge Transformation (Stevens, 2004), was the framework employed to support the process for change. This evidenced-based project occurred at …

“You Come Back To The Same Ole Shit:” A Qualitative Study Of Smoking Cessation Barriers Among Women Living With Hiv: Implications For Intervention Development, Faith E. Fletcher, Damon J. Vidrine, Meredith K. Buchberg Trejo, Yamile' Molina, Beverly E. Sha, Brenikki R. Floyd, Noreen Sarhene, Jamesetta Mator, Alicia K. Matthews

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Although tobacco use among women living with HIV (WLWH) is decreasing, the prevalence is more than double that of women in the general population and remains an important health behavior to target among WLWH. Few smoking cessation interventions specifically focus on the unique social and medical needs of women living with HIV (WLWH). Thus, the investigative team engaged WLWH (N=18) in qualitative focus groups to: 1) understand barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation; and 2) inform intervention structure and content priorities. Participants identified salient reasons for smoking and barriers to smoking cessation, which included coping mechanisms for life stressors, HIV-related …

Analysis Of Tobacco Use Vital Sign Assessment, Latonya King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There is a massive problem of tobacco-related cancer outcomes in patients that are affected by race and ethnicity. Although this is a known disparity, there continues to be a gap in care for asking patients if they use tobacco and in advising and assisting them in making a quit attempt. Health information technology requirements and meaningful use regulations require the utilization of systematic electronic documentation. In order to improve and support tobacco use screening, systematic tobacco use assessment and documentation are essential. There is a widespread belief that adding screening for tobacco use to the vital sign assessment will lead …

Tobacco Screening Among Adults In Primary Care: Evaluation Of The Use Of The 5a’S Framework For Treating Tobacco Dependence, Alexis Owens

DNP Projects

Abstract

Background: Tobacco use in the United States is the chief cause of preventable disease and death. Preventing and identifying tobacco use through screening and education is essential to assist users to quit and to decrease overall tobacco associated health risks.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the integration of the 5A’s tobacco engagement framework into the workflow at one Primary Care Center. Study objectives included determining baseline tobacco screening data prior to 5A’s education, providing providers and support staff education on the 5A’s process, reviewing and interpreting pre/post data of the 5A’s process, and identification of …

To Juul Or Not To Juul: What We Know About The Health Effects Of Vaping, Chad Serels

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

E-cigarette use, also known as Vaping, has garnered national attention over recent years due to its rapidly rising popularity. While some claim it is the healthier alternative to cigarette smoking we need to reduce the 480,000 deaths in the US from smoking-related diseases each year, others warn that its popularity among teens has the potential to undo years of progress combating nicotine addiction and is just another attempt by the tobacco industry to lure a new generation of customers. Given this ongoing public conversation, it is up to health care providers to stay informed on the health effects of vaping …

E-Cigarettes And Smoking Cessation Among Pregnant Women: Insights From A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, Shawn Chiang, Lorien Abroms

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: The use of electronic cigarettes is a rapidly expanding phenomenon. Currently, there is a scarcity of data to help guide decisions regarding the potential harm and benefits of e-cigarettes. This study examines whether pregnant smokers who used e-cigarettes are more likely to quit smoking than those who had never used e-cigarettes.

Methods: Data were drawn from the Quit4Baby study, a text-message-based smoking cessation randomized controlled trial. The sample was comprised of 481 participants with complete follow-up data at 1 month follow-up. Linear and logistics regression models to control for confounds were conducted to evaluate the association between e-cigarette use …

Urine Cotinine In Children And Parental Behavior Modification: A Pilot Study, Teresa Lachance

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

“Urine Cotinine in Children and Parental Behavior Modification” was designed by Dr. Deirdre Burns, a pediatrician at the Barbara Bush Children’s Hospital (BBCH). It was implemented as a pilot study to determine whether urine cotinine testing in children who are admitted to the hospital for respiratory illness and tracking parental smoking behaviors over time was feasible. Parents were given a brief survey to assess their current smoking behaviors and to understand their readiness to quit smoking. They received smoking cessation materials provided by the Breathe Easy Coalition of Maine. These materials outline information about second-hand and third-hand smoke, and encourage …

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Faith-Placed, Lay Health Advisor Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention For Rural Residents, Nancy E. Schoenberg, Christina R. Studts, Brent J. Shelton, Meng Liu, Richard Clayton, Jordan Baeker Bispo, Nell Fields, Mark Dignan, Thomas Cooper

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction. Rural US residents smoke at higher rates than urban or suburban residents. We report results from a community-based smoking cessation intervention in Appalachian Kentucky.

Study design. Single-blind, group-randomized trial with outcome measurements at baseline, 17 weeks and 43 weeks.

Setting/participants. This faith-placed CBPR project was located in six counties of rural Appalachian Kentucky. A total of 590 individual participants clustered in 28 churches were enrolled in the study.

Intervention. Local lay health advisors delivered the 12-week Cooper/Clayton Method to Stop Smoking program, leveraging sociocultural factors to improve the cultural salience of the program for Appalachian smokers. Participants met with …

Are Electronic Cigarettes The Solution To Smoking Cessation?, Heather L. Walsh, Audrey L. Mcmurray

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019

Objectives: Little is known regarding the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as therapy to aid in smoking cessation. Many hypothesize that e-cigarettes are equally as effective or more effective than alternate smoking cessation therapies. The purpose of this review was to examine the evidence on effectiveness of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation and quitting behavior as compared to other smoking cessation therapies, or no therapy at all.

Methods: Searches were done in PubMed utilizing the terms “electronic cigarettes” and “smoking cessation” [MeSH terms]. In PubMed, the following filters limits were used: published in the last 5 years, human species, …

Smoking Characteristics And Psychiatric Comorbidities Of Pregnant Smokers: An Analysis Of Quit4baby Randomized Controlled Trial, Shawn Chiang, Lorien C. Abroms, Jennifer M. Schindler-Ruwisch, Leah E. Leavitt

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: Text messaging or short message service (SMS) programs have been shown to be effective in helping adult smokers quit smoking (Abroms et al., 2014). However, to our knowledge, no prior research has examined psychiatric comorbidities associated with smoking in the text messaging context. The risk of smoking has been shown to increase as a function of the number of psychiatric illnesses with which a person is diagnosed (Aubin, Rollema, Svensson, & Winterer, 2012). The current study examined this association and other correlates of smoking-psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of U.S. pregnant smokers enrolled in Quit4Baby, a smoking cessation text …

Smoking It Out; Vaping Is In. The Rise Of E-Cigarettes Amoung U.S. Youth, Russell K. Mcintire Phd, Mph, Brianna Ludwig

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy: An Evidence Based Practice Protocol, Katherine J. Ruhlman

Master of Science in Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Projects

Intrauterine exposure to nicotine is one of the largest modifiable risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality. Previous progress toward decreasing the number impacted by intrauterine nicotine exposure has recently plateaued. While guidelines for assisting pregnant women to stop smoking are available, few providers have a formalized protocol in place. This project will evaluate most current research evidence regarding smoking cessation during pregnancy in order to develop a formalized protocol for implementation in an obstetric clinic in Southwest Ohio. Reviewed literature was summarized and level of evidence was established. Recommendations were made and categorized as strong, moderate, and weak. The …

Community Perception Of Electronic Cigarettes And Their Role As Smoking Cessation Aids, Alejandro Velez

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

The popularity of electronic cigarettes is increasing, yet the research is lagging behind. In an effort to better understand, and therefore better advice our patients, a small number of current daily cigarette smokers were surveyed on their understanding of electronic cigarettes and their usage. Two smoking cessation counselors were also interviewed to better contextualize the role of electronic cigarettes as possible smoking cessation aids. Finally, a review of the available research was done to produce a poster, and possibly a handout, in hopes to educate all patients (regardless of their current smoking habits) regarding electronic cigarettes.

Who Participates In Web-Assisted Tobacco Interventions? The Quit-Primo And National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Hi-Quit Studies, Rajani S. Sadasivam, Rebecca L. Kinney, Kathryn L. Delaughter, Sowmya R. Rao, Jessica Hillman Williams, Heather L. Coley, Midge N. Ray, Gregg H. Gilbert, Jeroan J. Allison, Daniel E. Ford, Thomas K. Houston

Rajani S. Sadasivam

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is the most preventable cause of death. Although effective, Web-assisted tobacco interventions are underutilized and recruitment is challenging. Understanding who participates in Web-assisted tobacco interventions may help in improving recruitment.

OBJECTIVES: To understand characteristics of smokers participating in a Web-assisted tobacco intervention (Decide2Quit.org).

METHODS: In addition to the typical Google advertisements, we expanded Decide2Quit.org recruitment to include referrals from medical and dental providers. We assessed how the expanded recruitment of smokers changed the users' characteristics, including comparison with a population-based sample of smokers from the national Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). Using a negative binomial regression, we …

Health Behaviour Changes After Diagnosis Of Chronic Illness Among Canadians Aged 50 Or Older, Jason T. Newsom, Nathalie Huguet, Pamela L. Ramage-Morin, Michael Joseph Mccarthy, Julie Bernier, Mark S. Kaplan, Bentson H. Mcfarland

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Changes in health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption) after diagnosis of chronic health conditions (heart disease, cancer, stroke, respiratory disease, and diabetes) were examined among Canadians aged 50 or older. Results from 12 years of longitudinal data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey indicated relatively modest changes in behavior. Although significant decreases in smoking were observed among all groups except those with respiratory disease, at least 75% of smokers did not quit. No significant changes emerged in the percentage meeting physical activity recommendations, except those with diabetes, or in excessive alcohol consumption, except …

Differences Between Intermittent And Light Daily Smokers In A Population Of U.S Military Recruits, Theodore Cooper, Thom Taylor, Ashley Murray, Margaret Debon, Mark Vander Weg, Robert Klesges, G. Wayne Talcott

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Assessing A Smoking Cessation Program For Veterans In Substance Use Disorder Treatment., Theodore V. Cooper, Y. M. Hunt, R. S. Burke, C. J. Stoever

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

A Pilot Study Of A Brief Smoking Cessation Intervention At The Student Health Center., Theodore V. Cooper, Jennifer Venegas, Denise Rodriguez De Ybarra, Thom Taylor, Jasjit S. Ahluwalia

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Associated With Smoking In A Hispanic Sample., D. Rodriguez Esquivel, Theodore V. Cooper, J. A. Blow, M. R. Resor

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Sequential Treatment For Nicotine Dependence And Postcessation Weight Concern In A Female Diagnosed With Paranoid Schizophrenia., Theodore V. Cooper, B. S. Hanson, R. S. Burke, Y. M. Hunt

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

General And Smoking Cessation Related Weight Concerns In Veterans., Theodore V. Cooper, M. Dundon, B. M. Hoffman, C. J. Stoever

Theodore V. Cooper

No abstract provided.

Smoking And Oral Cancer (1972), American Dental Association

Patient Dental Health Education Brochures

No abstract provided.

Smoking And Oral Cancer (1971), American Dental Association

Patient Dental Health Education Brochures

No abstract provided.

Smoking And Oral Cancer (1966), American Dental Association

Patient Dental Health Education Brochures

No abstract provided.