Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Bibliotherapy : The Use Of Books As An Intervention With Children And Adolescents, Jennifer R. Schmidt

Graduate Research Papers

Bibliotherapy is defined as "the use of literature and poetry in the treatment of people with emotional problems or mental illness" (Pardeck, 1994, p.421). The purpose of this paper is to explore bibliotherapy and to identify the advantages of using it with children and adolescents. Readers will gain an understanding of the stages of bibliotherapy, the goals of bibliotherapy, how to implement bibliotherapy into a counseling program, and the benefits and limitations of bibliotherapy. In addition, suggestions for working with specific client populations are given.

An Alternative Residential Education Program: An Evaluative Study, Marc A. Kincaid

All Graduate Projects

Schools today are trying to make an adaptation to accommodate all children and their disabilities. For many, the problem does not lie in a child's learning ability, but rather in their behavioral disability. According to its mission, The Ranch is committed to not only accommodating at-risk boys, but is trying to help them re-adjust and re-enter society with the skills necessary to function in every day life. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate The Ranch by examining the effectiveness of the program and its goals. Evaluation was done both Formatively and Summatively, through interviews and documentation. The researcher …

Acting Out Against Gender Discrimination: The Effects Of Different Social Identities, Mindi D. Foster

Psychology Faculty Publications

Self-categorization theory suggests that when a social identity is salient, group- oriented behavior will ensue. Thus, women should be likely to act out against gender discrimination when their social identity as women is salient. However, self-categorization theory has typically defined a social identity along stereo- types, which may serve instead to maintain the status quo. Two studies therefore examined the effects of two different social identities on taking action against discrimination. Participants were female students (Anglo American (93%), African American (2%), Native American (2%), Hispanic (1%), Asian American (1%) and Other (1%)). Study 1 examined a structural model and Study …

Perceiving And Responding To The Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson

Psychology Faculty Publications

To explain why minority group members recognize less personal than group discrimination, research has focused on cognitive processes. While within self-categorization theory it may be argued the discrepancy is a function of a salient social self that perceptually discounts the personal self, it can also be argued that depersonalization allows for the cognitive possibility of perceiving similar amounts of personal and group discrimination. The present study suggested that, consistent with group consciousness theories, the social self may serve to both discount as well as integrate the social self, depending on the way in which the social self is defined. Using …

Gender Differences In Mentoring In Australia: Mentor Functions And Outcomes, Terri A. Scandura Phd, Ethlyn A. Williams

Management Faculty Articles and Papers

The issue of gender differences in mentoring remains controversial since some studies find gender differences and many do not. Perhaps the context of the mentoring relationship provides an explanation of why gender affects mentoring in some studies. Since most studies of mentoring to date have employed U.S, samples, the question of whether gender differences may emerge in studies of menta ring in non-U.S. samples needs investigation. The present study will examine the role of gender, mentoring functions and the interactive effects of gender and mentoring in relation to career expectations, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a sample of N=156 …

Social Work Assessment Of Adaptive Functioning Using The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Issues Of Reliability And Validity, Peter Cabrera, Lucienne Grimes-Gaa, Bruce A. Thyer

Elián P. Cabrera-Nguyen

The assessment of client adaptive functioning is often an important component of a comprehensive social work evaluation. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) are the most commonly used quantitative measures of adaptive functioning for clients meeting the criteria for a wide range of disorders. We review the development of the VABS and current knowledge pertaining to the instrument's reliability and validity. We conclude that the ability to administer and interpret the VABS is an important skill for clinical social workers to acquire.

Education In Schizophrenia Support For Families, Amresh Srivastava

Amresh Srivastava

No abstract provided.

"Epidemic" Depression In School-Age Youth, Trudy L. Erickson

Graduate Research Papers

With the traditional image of children as happy and care-free, it has been troubling to think of them suffering the effects of major depression and dysthymia. Successful intervention for.depressive youth is complicated by failure to diagnose, limited referral or consuItation, and resolute parental denial.

The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about depression in today's student population. Depression will be defined and described as it is manifested in youth. Typical symptoms and proposed etiologies will be discussed. Finally, suggested interventions will be addressed, although research concerning interventions for depressed youth, particularly children, has been sparse.

Dissociative Identity Disorder : Features, Etiology, And Treatment, Gretchen Elizabeth Honsell

Graduate Research Papers

Dissociative Identity Disorder appears to be diagnosed more frequently in the current clinical arena. This may be connected to increased awareness of how people respond and cope with traumatic events, both singular and prolonged or serial. This increase in diagnoses may also correspond with new associations between childhood abuse and trauma, as well as research into how trauma is coded in memory.

Dissociation can be viewed as a natural phenomena that, when overly utilized as a defense against trauma and its impact, may develop in some persons into DID. Treatment of DID tends to progress through four phases: initial, middle, …

“I Know I Know It, I Know I Saw It” : The Stability Of The Confidence–Accuracy Relationship Across Domains, Brian H. Bornstein, Douglas J. Zickafoose

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

If the relationship between confidence and accuracy extended across domains, then one could assess performance in a known domain and use it to estimate performance in another domain. The stability of the confidence- accuracy relationship across the domains of eyewitness memory and general knowledge was investigated. The major findings of Experiment 1 were that in both domains participants were overconfident, yet more confident on correct than on incorrect responses, and that the degrees of overconfidence, calibration, and resolution in the 2 domains were positively correlated. Experiment 2 replicated these findings and showed that feedback about overconfidence reduced overall confidence levels …

Introduction, Dan Bernstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This volume is about motivation and gender. The chapters outline recent research and conceptual analysis related to four important motivational constructs-sexuality, emotion, competition, and aggression. In each case the author has examined the relation between the motivational construct and gender; the chapters describe those relations and analyze their origins and implications. There are two primary ideas that connect these accounts of gender and motivation: the authors generally report great diversity within gender groups in the degree to which these motivational characteristics are found, and they note that there is much to be considered in exactly how these motivational constructs are …

Gender Differences In The Relationships Among Ses, Family History Of Alcohol Disorders And Alcohol Dependence, Geoffrey M. Curran, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Elizabeth M. Hill, Sharon A. Mudd, Frederic C. Blow, Robert A. Zucker

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: Potential moderator and mediator roles of several measures of socioeconomic status (SES) were investigated for the relationship between a family history of alcoholism( FH) and alcohol dependence symptoms in adulthood. Method: These analyses were performed with a sample of 931 men and 385 women participating in studies at the Alcohol Research Center, University of Michigan. Hierarchical multiple regression equations were used to assess whether SES mediated and moderated relationships between FH and alcohol dependence symptoms. Results: In general, measures of SES (education, occupation, personal and household income) were more important predictors of alcohol dependence symptoms among men, while FH …

An Investigation Of The Cognitive And Perceptual Dynamics Of A Color–Digit Synesthete, Eric C. Odgaard, John H. Flowers, H. Lynn Bradman

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

L, a 47-year-old female of Choctaw descent, was first identified as a potential synesthete on the basis of self-report data regarding digit–color associations. Upon completion of the identification procedures typified in the literature, it was concluded that L met the classic memory-performance criteria used to identify synesthetic ability. A series of Stroop-type tasks were then performed to identify the dynamics of her synesthetic experiences. The results of these analyses provided three findings of note. First, the clear pattern of response-time differences between L and the control group suggests that tasks designed to produce involuntary divisions of attention can be an …

Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel (Sciuridae: Spermophilus Tridecemlineatus) Antipredator Vigilance: Monitoring The Sky For Aerial Predators, Cody L. Arenz, Daniel Leger

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Despite the success of antipredator vigilance research, the specific focus of this vigilance has been difficult to determine. We have previously shown that thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) increase their vigilance when their lateral field of view is obstructed. In this paper, we describe an experiment in which we attempt to determine the predator class for which this vigilance is directed. Using six differentially occluded Plexiglas foraging boxes with hinged “eaves,” we were able to obstruct the squirrels’ view of the sky while not obstructing their view of terrestrial threats. In general, across the box types, when their …

Managed Care And Mental Health: Clinical Perspectives And Legal Realities, Jesse Goldner

All Faculty Scholarship

Managed care is beginning to dominate the delivery of mental health services. The Article reviews limitations on managed care's ability to deal adequately with mental illness. It discusses empirical and other research examining the use of primary care providers as gatekeepers and it explores utilization review mechanisms, focusing particularly on providers' responses to UR. The impact on quality, access and continuity of care on discrete populations is analyzed. The article then surveys a variety of legal issues in the regulation of managed care, particularly as they apply to the provision of mental health services. These include ERISA, parity and liability …

Concreteness, Context-Availability, And Image-Ability Ratings And Word Associations For Abstract, Concrete, And Emotion Words., Jeanette Altaribba, Lisa M. Bauer, Claudia Benvenuto

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Normative values on various word characteristics were obtained for abstract, concrete, and emotion words in order to facilitate research on concreteness effects and on the similarities and differences among the three word types. A sample of 78 participants rated abstract, concrete, and emotion words on concreteness, context availability,and imagery scales, Word associations were also gathered for abstract, concrete, and emotion words. The data were used to investigate similarities and differences among these three word types on word attributes, association strengths, and number of associations. These normative data can be used to further research on concreteness effects, word type effects, and …

Neither Desert Nor Disease, Stephen J. Morse

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Emotional Intelligence And Legal Education, Marjorie A. Silver

Scholarly Works

The traditional knowledge-based law school curriculum is slowly giving way to one that increasingly exposes students to various lawyering skills. Nonetheless, legal educators are generally averse — or at best ill equipped — to support that training with the empathic and psychological skills good lawyering demands. The author discusses how emotional intelligence is essential to good lawyering and argues that it can and should be cultivated in law school. The article draws upon three examples of popular culture to explore both the absence and possibilities of interpersonal intelligence in the practice of law. The author also describes her own law …

The Development And Preliminary Evaluation Of A Self-Administered Screening Instrument For First Rank Symptoms And Basic Symptoms In Psychotic And Non Psychotic Disorders, Borghild Bo

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The assessment of psychopathology is fundamental to clinical psychiatry. Schneider's (1959) First Rank Symptoms (FRS) are an integral part of numerous diagnostic criteria and Huber's Basic Symptoms (BS) are thought to form the basis of the FRS (Huber & Gross, 1989). The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate a self-administered screening instrument to detect FRS and BS in clinical populations. A three stage design was used to achieve this. Stage one included the development of items and stage two was concerned with item analysis. Stage three comprised a pilot study in which a number of hypotheses …

Secret Pain : Understanding And Treating Self-Injurious Behaviors In Women, Eva Schoen

Graduate Research Papers

This paper is an attempt to raise awareness of the presence of self-injury in Western societies. Causes, symptoms, related diagnoses, and treatment of self-injurious behaviors will be discussed. Most importantly, however, this paper is meant to challenge and, ultimately, decrease the stigma surrounding SD and increase empathy and compassion for the self-injuring person.

Due to constraints of this research paper, the author focuses on female self-injurers and excludes information on self-injury in mentally retarded individuals and prisoners.

A Comparison Of The Health Belief Model And Stages Of Change In Exercise Behavior Construct In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Tracey Phillips

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the STAGES theoretical constructs in the uncovering of influencing factors associated with exercise compliance behaviors in cardiac rehabilitation subjects.

Sixty subjects who had experienced a cardiac event and who were attending a phase II outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program participated in this study. A questionnaire regarding health beliefs and exercise behavior classification was administered. Questions pertained to general health motivations, effectiveness of the intervention, perception of disease severity, perception of susceptibility and the stage of exercise behavior.

An analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc comparison statistical …

Parent Influences On Adolescent Peer Orientation And Substance Use: The Interface Of Parenting Practices And Values, Karen Bogenschneider, Ming-Yeh Wu, Marcela Raffaelli, Jenner C. Tsay

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examines how experiences in the family domain may magnify or mitigate experiences in the peer domain, and how processes in both milieus may influence adolescent substance use. The data derived from 666 European American mother-adolescent dyads and 510 European American father-adolescent dyads. Consistent with individuation-connectedness theory, mothers’ responsiveness lessened their adolescents’ orientation to peers, which, in turn, reduced adolescent substance use. This process was moderated by maternal values regarding adolescent alcohol use; that is, the relation of maternal responsiveness to adolescent substance use depended on the extent of maternal approval or disapproval of adolescent alcohol use. Among fathers, …

Morphine-Conditioned Changes In Locomotor Activity: Role Of The Conditioned Stimulus, Rick A. Bevins, Michael T. Bardo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

When a multisensory environment was reliably paired with morphine (2 mg/kg) in rats, that environment, in a drug-free test, evoked a hyperactive conditioned response (CR). When an olfactory cue (banana odor) was the only stimulus element reliably paired with morphine, it also elicited a hyperactive CR. However, a gustatory cue (saccharin solution) evoked a hypoactive CR. This taste-elicited decrease in activity was dose dependent; morphine at 2 and 4 mg/kg conditioned hypoactivity, whereas a higher dose (8 mg/kg) did not. A robust conditioned saccharin aversion occurred only at the highest dose of morphine, suggesting disassociation between the hypoactive CR and …

Programs Of Assertive Community Treatment (Pact): A Critical Review, Tomi Gomory

Tomi Gomory

Advocates of Programs of Assertive Community Treatment (PACT) make numerous claims for this intensive intervention program, including reduced hospitalization, overall cost, and clinical symptomatology, and increased client satisfaction, and vocational and social functioning. However, a reanalysis of the controlled experimental research finds no empirical support for any of these claims. Instead, there is evidence that the program is both coercive and potentially harmful. The current promotion of PACT appears to be based more on professional enthusiasm for the medical model than upon any benefit to the clients.

Power Relationships In Graduate Degree Supervision, Marcus R. Wigan

Marcus R Wigan

Reconsidering The Hiv/Aids Prevention Needs Of Latino Women In The United States, Marcela Raffaelli, Mariana Suarez-Al-Adam

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The HIV/AIDS epidemic represents an ever-increasing threat to Latino populations in the United States, with women being most affected by this deadly disease. In this chapter, we explore the challenges Latino women face as they attempt to reduce their risk of sexual transmission of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Our main interest lies in examining how the economic, cultural, and social realities of women's lives contribute to their risk of HIV infection and constrain their ability to reduce that risk. Because there is neither a cure for AIDS nor a vaccination to block HIV transmission, prevention of infection is …

New Directions In The Application Of Social-Skills Interventions With Adolescents: Introduction To The Special Section, Douglas W. Nangle, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The importance of competent social interactions for adolescent adjustment and successful functioning at home, school, work, and social settings has been well documented (cf. Hansen, Giacoletti, & Nangle, 1995; Kelly & Hansen, 1987; Peterson & Hamburg, 1986). Within a developmental context marked by transitions, establishing and maintaining competent social interactions can be particularly challenging for adolescents. Fundamental developmental changes, including the onset of puberty, the emergence of more advanced cognitive and verbal abilities, and the transition into new roles in society, significantly alter social interactions (Bierman & Montminy, 1993; Hansen et al., 1995). These interactions become increasingly complicated and adult-like, …

Adolescent Heterosocial Competence Revisited: Implications Of An Expanded Conceptualization For The Prevention Of High-Risk Sexual Interactions, Douglas W. Nangle, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current HIV/AIDS epidemic has revitalized interest in adolescent sexual behavior and led to exciting new lines of prevention research. Researchers have concluded that awareness of the risks associated with high-risk sexual behavior alone is not enough to change the behavior of adolescents. Cognitive behavioral skills interventions that directly teach adolescents new skills are now widely recommended as components of prevention efforts. Although social-skills training has often been included as a component of such interventions, we actually know little about how social skills and adolescent sexual behavior are related. This paper provides a conceptual framework based on social-learning theory for …

Enhancing The Effectiveness Of Social Skills Interventions With Adolescents, David J. Hansen, Douglas W. Nangle, Kathryn A. Meyer

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Competent social interactions are clearly necessary for adjustment and successful functioning in society. The many developmental events and changing social expectations that occur during adolescence can make it particularly challenging for youth to establish and maintain competent social interactions. Research on social skills training with adolescents began in the mid-tolate 1970’s and it has improved much over the years. The research has gradually moved beyond a focus on basic skill assessment and acquisition in clinical settings toward techniques designed to assess and promote generalization and maintenance of an effective interpersonal repertoire in real world settings and situations. This article discusses …

The Meeting Of Pain And Depression: Comorbidity In Women, Marta Meana

Psychology Faculty Research

The higher prevalence of depression in women is coupled with a higher prevalence of pain complaints. Growing evidence suggests that the comorbidity of these conditions is also proportionately higher in women than men. This paper critically reviews the empirical findings relating to gender differences in comorbid pain and depression as well as findings in support of hypothesized etiologic factors that could explain why women may be more susceptible than men to comorbidity. The empirical evidence for biogenic, psychogenic, and sociogenic explanatory models is presented, and an integration of these models is proposed as a guideline to both research and clinical …