Ophthalmology Commons^™

Inner Segment Remodeling And Mitochondrial Translocation In Cone Photoreceptors In Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Outer Retinal Tubulation, K. M. Litts, J. D. Messinger, K. B. Freund, Y. Zhang, C. A. Curcio

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To quantify impressions of mitochondrial translocation in degenerating cones and to determine the nature of accumulated material in the subretinal space with apparent inner segment (IS)-like features by examining cone IS ultrastructure. METHODS: Human donor eyes with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were screened for outer retinal tubulation (ORT) in macula-wide, high-resolution digital sections. Degenerating cones inside ORT (ORT cones) and outside ORT (non-ORT cones) from AMD eyes and unaffected cones in age-matched control eyes were imaged using transmission electron microscopy. The distances of mitochondria to the external limiting membrane (ELM), cone IS length, and cone IS width at …

Idiopathic Multifocal Choroiditis/Punctate Inner Choroidopathy With Acute Photoreceptor Loss Or Dysfunction Out Of Proportion To Clinically Visible Lesions, M. R. Munk, J. J. Jung, K. Biggee, W. R. Tucker, H. N. Sen, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, A. A. Fawzi, L. M. Jampol

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To report acute/subacute vision loss and paracentral scotomata in patients with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy due to large zones of acute photoreceptor attenuation surrounding the chorioretinal lesions. METHODS: Multimodal imaging case series. RESULTS: Six women and 2 men were included (mean age, 31.5 +/- 5.8 years). Vision ranged from 20/20-1 to hand motion (mean, 20/364). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated extensive attenuation of the external limiting membrane, ellipsoid and interdigitation zones, adjacent to the visible multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy lesions. The corresponding areas were hyperautofluorescent on fundus autofluorescence and were associated with corresponding visual field defects. Full-field …

Long-Term Visual Outcomes For A Treat And Extend Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regimen In Eyes With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration, S. Mrejen, J. J. Jung, C. Chen, S. N. Patel, R. Gallego-Pinazo, L. A. Yannuzzi, L. Xu, M. Marsiglia, S. Boddu, K. B. Freund

Journal Articles

With the advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, clinicians are now focused on various treatment strategies to better control neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Herein, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with treatment-naive NVAMD initially classified based on fluorescein angiography (FA) alone or with an anatomic classification utilizing both FA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlated long-term visual outcomes of these patients treated with an anti-VEGF Treat-and-Extend Regimen (TER) with baseline characteristics including neovascular phenotype. Overall, 185 patients (210 eyes) were followed over an average of 3.5 years (range 1-6.6) with a …

The Onion Sign In Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Represents Cholesterol Crystals, C. E. Pang, J. D. Messinger, E. C. Zanzottera, K. B. Freund, C. A. Curcio

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency, natural evolution, and histologic correlates of layered, hyperreflective, subretinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) lines, known as the onion sign, in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study and experimental laboratory study. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred thirty eyes of 150 consecutive patients with neovascular AMD and 40 human donor eyes with histopathologic diagnosis of neovascular AMD. METHODS: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT), near-infrared reflectance (NIR), color fundus images, and medical charts were reviewed. Donor eyes underwent multimodal ex vivo imaging, including SD OCT, before processing for high-resolution histologic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of …

Outer Retinal Tubulation In Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Optical Coherence Tomographic Findings Correspond To Histology, K. B. Schaal, K. B. Freund, K. M. Litts, Y. Zhang, J. D. Messinger, C. A. Curcio

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology of outer retinal tubulation (ORT) secondary to advanced age-related macular degeneration in patients and in postmortem specimens, with particular attention to the basis of the hyperreflective border of ORT. METHOD: A private referral practice (imaging) and an academic research laboratory (histology) collaborated on two retrospective case series. High-resolution OCT raster scans of 43 eyes (34 patients) manifesting ORT secondary to advanced age-related macular degeneration were compared to high-resolution histologic sections through the fovea and superior perifovea of donor eyes (13 atrophic age-related macular degeneration and 40 neovascular age-related macular degeneration) preserved

New Best1 Mutations In Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy, A. T. Fung, S. Yzer, N. Goldberg, H. Wang, M. Nissen, A. Giovannini, J. E. Merriam, E. N. Bukanova, L. A. Yannuzzi, R. Allikmets, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To report the ocular phenotype in patients with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy and carriers, and to describe novel BEST1 mutations. METHODS: Patients with clinically suspected and subsequently genetically proven autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy underwent full ophthalmic examination and investigation with fundus autofluorescence imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, and electrooculography. Mutation analysis of the BEST1 gene was performed through direct Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Five affected patients from four families were identified. Mean age was 16 years (range, 6-42 years). All affected patients presented with reduced visual acuity and bilateral, hyperautofluorescent subretinal yellowish deposits within the posterior pole. Spectral domain optical …

Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution 5.0% Versus Placebo For Treatment Of Dry Eye Disease: Results Of The Randomized Phase Iii Opus-2 Study, J. Tauber, P. Karpecki, R. Latkany, J. Luchs, J. Martel, K. Sall, A. Raychaudhuri, V. Smith, C. P. Semba

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: Lifitegrast is an integrin antagonist that decreases T-cell-mediated inflammation associated with dry eye disease (DED). We report the results of OPUS-2, a phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of lifitegrast compared with placebo for the treatment of DED. DESIGN: A 12-week, multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged >/=18 years with use of artificial tears within 30 days, inferior corneal staining score >/=0.5 (0-4 scale), Schirmer tear test (without anesthesia) >/=1 and/=40 (0-100 visual analogue scale [VAS]). METHODS: Subjects were randomized 1:1 after 14-day placebo run-in to lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5.0% or placebo twice …

Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy; Revisited, A. Tavallali, L. A. Yannuzzi

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Update On Uveitis Management., Vishali Gupta, Quan Dong Nguyen, Manfred Zierhut, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Real-World Mobility In Age-Related Macular Degeneration., Sabyasachi Sengupta, Angeline M. Nguyen, Suzanne W. Van Landingham, Sharon D. Solomon, Diana V. Do, Luigi Ferrucci, David S. Friedman, Pradeep Y. Ramulu

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: Previous research has suggested an association between poor vision and decreased mobility, including restricted levels of physical activity and travel away from home. We sought to determine the impact of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on these measures of mobility.

METHODS: Fifty-seven AMD patients with bilateral, or severe unilateral, visual impairment were compared to 59 controls with normal vision. All study subjects were between the ages of 60 and 80. Subjects wore accelerometers and cellular network-based tracking devices over 7 days of normal activity. Number of steps taken, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), number of excursions from home, …

Nosocomial Keratitis Caused By Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Case Report And Preventative Measures, Puneet S. Braich, Shruti Aggarwal, Sabrina Mukhtar, David Rp Almeida

Ophthalmology Publications

A 47-year-old African-American woman was admitted to the intensive care unit of our community hospital for respiratory failure secondary to severe decompensated heart failure, requiring intubation. In the ensuing days, she developed a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection of the cornea, despite no growth of MRSA in multiple blood, sputum, and urine cultures. This unexpected corneal infection complicated her hospital stay, and increased morbidity and disease-related cost. Risk factors, warning signs, and preventative measures for MRSA keratitis secondary to lagophthalmos (inability to completely close one's eyelids) are outlined in this case report. Implementing simple precautions such as taping eyelids shut …

Relocation Consequences On An Ophthalmology Consultation Service From An Inpatient To Outpatient Facility, Jorawer S. Singh, Vincent M. Imbrogno, Mary K. Howard, Amandip S. Cheema, Ausra D. Selvadurai, Surbhi Bansal

Ophthalmology Publications

Importance

This study shows that relocation of an academic ophthalmology residency program from an inpatient to an outpatient setting in western New York does not affect the consult volume but affects management patterns and follow-up rates.

Objective

To investigate the effects on the ophthalmology consultation service of an academic program with relocation from a Regional Level-1 Trauma center to an outpatient facility.

Design

Consultation notes from 3 years before and 3 years after the University at Buffalo’s (UB) Department of Ophthalmology relocation from a Regional Level-1 Trauma center (Erie County Medical Center) to an outpatient facility (Ross Eye Institute) were …

Prevalence And Factors Predictive Of Intraocular Fungal Infection In Patients With Fungemia At An Academic Urban Tertiary Care Center, Elena Geraymovych, Joseph H. Conduff, Puneet S. Braich, Christopher T. Leffler, Vikram S. Brar

Ophthalmology Publications

Objective

To report the prevalence and to identify factors predictive of intraocular infection in patients with fungemia receiving prophylactic antifungal therapy.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who received prophylactic antifungal therapy and a dilated fundus examination at an academic urban tertiary care center from 2000 to 2007. Basic demographic information, fungal species grown, antifungal agent(s) used, number of positive blood culture specimens, visual acuity, visual symptoms, and known risks of disseminated candidiasis were noted. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors significantly associated with intraocular fungal infection.

Results

A total of 132 patients with positive fungemia culture …

Prevalence And Factors Predictive Of Intraocular Fungal Infection In Patients With Fungemia At An Academic Urban Tertiary Care Center, Elena Geraymovych, Joseph H. Conduff, Puneet S. Braich, Christopher T. Leffler, Vikram S. Brar

Ophthalmology Publications

Objective: To report the prevalence and to identify factors predictive of intraocular infection in patients with fungemia receiving prophylactic antifungal therapy.
Methods: A retrospective review of patients who received prophylactic antifungal therapy and a dilated fundus examination at an academic urban tertiary care center from 2000 to 2007. Basic demographic information, fungal species grown, antifungal agent(s) used, number of positive blood culture specimens, visual acuity, visual symptoms, and known risks of disseminated candidiasis were noted. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors significantly associated with intraocular fungal infection.
Results: A total of 132 patients with positive fungemia culture …

Infrared Imaging Enhances Retinal Crystals In Bietti’S Crystalline Dystrophy, Vikram S. Brar, William H. Benson

Ophthalmology Publications

Infrared imaging dramatically increased the number of crystalline deposits visualized compared with clinical examination, standard color fundus photography, and red free imaging in patients with Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy. We believe that this imaging modality significantly improves the sensitivity with which these lesions are detected, facilitating earlier diagnosis and may potentially serve as a prognostic indicator when examined over time.

Trailmaking Test Performance Contributes To Subjective Judgment Of Visual Efficiency In Older Adults, Annalisa Setti, James Loughman, George Savva, Rose Anne Kenny

Articles

Introduction.

The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially novel determinant factors.

Materials &Methods. Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N = 5,021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; TrailMaking Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited …

Craniopharyngioma Causing Bilateral Vision Loss 4 Months After Unremarkable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Brain, Rainy Betts, Curtis E. Margo, Mitchell Drucker

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

A 65-year-old man developed bilateral vision loss 4 months after magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no lesion in the vicinity of the optic chiasm, hypothalamus, and suprasellar tissues. Repeat computed tomography 3 months later showed a predominantly cystic mass of the suprasellar cistern with extension into the anterior third ventricle, which histologically was a craniopharyngioma. The clinical course of this case fuels the controversy whether craniopharyngiomas arise from embryonic rests or can be acquired. From a clinical perspective, it raises questions about when to obtain imaging studies dedicated to the chiasm and the appropriate interval in which a scan should be …

Visual Electrodiagnostic Testing In Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Radouil Tzekov, Brian Madow

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a rare form of autoimmune posterior uveitis that can affect the visual function and, if left untreated, can lead to sight-threatening complications and loss of central vision. We performed a systematic search of the literature focused on visual electrophysiology studies, including electroretinography (ERG), electrooculography (EOG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP), used to monitor the progression of BSCR and estimate treatment efficacy. Many reports were identified, including using a variety of methodologies and patient populations, which makes a direct comparison of the results difficult, especially with some of the earlier studies using nonstandardized methodology. Several different electrophysiological …

Itraq-Based Proteomic Analysis Of Visual Cycle-Associated Proteins In Rpe Of Rd12 Mice Before And After Rpe65 Gene Delivery, Qinxiang Zheng, Yueping Ren, Radouil Tzekov, Shanshan Hua, Minghan Li, Jijing Pang, Jia Qu, Wensheng Li

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose. To investigate the iTRAQ-based proteomic changes of visual cycle-associated proteins in RPE of rd12 mice before and after RPE65 gene delivery. Mehtods. The right eyes of rd12 mice underwent RPE65 gene delivery by subretinal injection at P14, leaving the left eyes as control. C57BL/6J mice were served as a wide-type control group. ERGs were recorded at P42, and RPE-choroid-sclera complex was collected to evaluate the proteomic changes in visual cycle-associated proteins by iTRAQ-based analysis. Western blot was used to confirm the changes in the differentially expressed proteins of interest. Results. ERG parameters improved dramatically at P42 after …

Ocular Manifestation, Complications And Aetiological Factors In Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Shaukat Ali Chhipa, Sadia Masood, Yasir Salarzai, Qazi Assad Khan, Khabir Ahmad, Sara Sajid

Department of Surgery

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrosis among inpatients at a tertiary care hospital.

METHODS:

The retrospective observational descriptive study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data on age, gender, aetiology and ocular findings related to patients diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/ToxicEpidermal Necrosis between January 2000 and December 2011. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:

There were 87 patients; 48(55.2%) of them being males.The overall mean age was 33.2±22.2 years, ranging from 1 month to 84 years. The most common aetiology was idiopathic 20(23%) followed by non-steroidal inflammatory …

Elderly Patient Adherence To Ocular Pharmaceuticals; Impact Of Educational And Physical Barriers, Lucky Wagner

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research was to assess and evaluate elderly patient's attitudes and behavior regarding educational and physical barriers and the impact on adherence to ocular pharmaceuticals. A 19 question survey was developed and in order to collect data. The survey was administered in person at the Edina Senior Center and the Burnsville Senior Center and online via Zoomerang survey software regarding elderly patient attitudes on educational and physical barriers and their impact on ocular pharmaceutical adherence. Findings from this study indicate elderly patients treating an ocular condition with ocular pharmaceuticals expressed strong agreement with improving upon both educational …

Factors Affecting The Academic Performance Of Optometry Students In Mozambique., James Loughman, Kajal Shah, Kovin Naidoo, Luigi Bilotto

Articles

Purpose. The Mozambique Eyecare Project is a higher education partnership for the development, implementation, and evaluation of a model of optometry training at UniLu´ rio in Mozambique. There are many composite elements to the development of sustainable eye health structures, and appropriate education for eye health workers remains a key determinant of successful eye care development. However, from the first intake of 16 students, only 9 students graduated from the program, whereas only 6 graduated from the second intake of 24 students. This low graduation rate is attributable to a combination of substandard academic performance and student dropout. The aim …

Role Of 5'Tg3'-Interacting Factors (Tgifs) In Vorinostat (Hdac Inhibitor)-Mediated Corneal Fibrosis Inhibition, Ajay Sharma, Nishant R. Sinha, Saad Siddiqui, Rajiv R. Mohan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: We have previously reported that vorinostat, an FDA-approved, clinically used histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, attenuates corneal fibrosis in vivo in rabbits by blocking transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The 5′TG3′-interacting factors (TGIFs) are transcriptional repressors of TGFβ1 signaling via the Smad pathway. The present study was designed to explore the expression of TGIFs in human corneal fibroblasts and to investigate their role in mediating the antifibrotic effect of vorinostat.

Methods: Human corneal fibroblast cultures were generated from donor corneas. RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and PCR were performed to detect the presence of TGIF1 and TGIF2 transcripts. The cultures were …

Bioengineering In Vitro Human Trabecular Meshwork Models For Glaucoma Therapeutic Screening, Karen Yud Torrejon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Glaucoma refers to a group of slowly progressing eye disorders that lead to damage to the optic nerve, resulting in irreversible vision loss. Recent statistics by the World Health Organization places glaucoma as a leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting nearly 80 million people. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only effective target for therapeutic intervention in glaucoma. IOP is mostly controlled by the outflow of the aqueous humor (AH) through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The TM and adjacent endothelium of Schlemm’s canal, known as the conventional outflow-tract, control AH outflow and thus determine IOP.

Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography Shows Reduced Deep Capillary Flow In Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy, K. K. Dansingani, M. Inoue, M. Engelbert, K. B. Freund

Journal Articles

IntroductionParacentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) has been described as an ischemic lesion of the middle retinal layers with a characteristic lamellar hyper-reflective placoid appearance in the acute phase and thinning of the involved retinal layers in the chronic phase. Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) is a novel and non-invasive technique for imaging retinal capillary vasculature with en face segmentation capabilities.MethodCase series. We describe two patients with PAMM who underwent clinical examination and multimodal imaging including OCTA.ResultsIn the first patient, who presented with PAMM secondary to acute cilioretinal artery occlusion, OCTA demonstrated reduction in flow in the deep capillary plexus (DCP). …

En Face Oct Angiography Demonstrates Flow In Early Type 3 Neovascularization (Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation), K. K. Dansingani, J. Naysan, K. B. Freund

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: The characteristics of type 3 neovascularization (NV), also known as retinal angiomatous proliferation, have been well described clinically, as well as with fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT angiography (OCT-A) is a novel and non-invasive technique for imaging retinal microvasculature by detecting changes, with respect to time, in reflectivity related to blood flow. METHOD: In this case series, we describe two patients who presented with type 3 NV and underwent clinical examination and multimodal imaging, including OCT-A. RESULTS: In the first patient, OCT-A demonstrated flow within two separate lesions in the same eye, …

Image Artifacts In Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, R. F. Spaide, J. G. Fujimoto, N. K. Waheed

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To describe image artifacts of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and their underlying causative mechanisms. To establish a common vocabulary for the artifacts observed. METHODS: The methods by which OCT angiography images are acquired, generated, and displayed are reviewed as are the mechanisms by which each or all of these methods can produce extraneous image information. A common set of terminology is proposed and used. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography angiography uses motion contrast to image blood flow and thereby images the vasculature without the need for a contrast agent. Artifacts are very common and can arise from the OCT …