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2002

Articles 1 - 9 of 9

Full-Text Articles in Neurosciences

Detectability Of Excitatory Versus Inhibitory Drive In An Integrate-And-Fire-Or-Burst Thalamocortical Relay Neuron Model, Gregory D. Smith, S. M. Sherman Dec 2002

Detectability Of Excitatory Versus Inhibitory Drive In An Integrate-And-Fire-Or-Burst Thalamocortical Relay Neuron Model, Gregory D. Smith, S. M. Sherman

Arts & Sciences Articles

Although inhibitory inputs are often viewed as equal but opposite to excitatory inputs, excitatory inputs may alter the firing of postsynaptic cells more effectively than inhibitory inputs. This is because spike cancellation produced by an inhibitory input requires coincidence in time, whereas an excitatory input can add spikes with less temporal constraint. To test for such potential differences, especially in the context of the function of thalamocortical (TC) relay nuclei, we used a stochastic “integrate-and-fire-or-burst” TC neuron model to quantify the detectability of excitatory and inhibitory drive in the presence and absence of the low-threshold Ca 2+ current, IT, and …

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Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Behavior Rating Inventory Of Executive Function (Brief) In A Clinical Sample, G. G. Gioia, P. K. Isquith, P. D. Retzlaff, K. A. Espy Nov 2002

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Behavior Rating Inventory Of Executive Function (Brief) In A Clinical Sample, G. G. Gioia, P. K. Isquith, P. D. Retzlaff, K. A. Espy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

Evidence for the validity of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000) based on internal structure was examined in a sample of children with mixed clinical diagnoses via maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Four alternative factor models of children's executive function, based on current theories that posit a unidimensional versus fractionated model (Rabbitt, 1997; Shallice & Burgess, 1991), using the revised 9-scale BRIEF configuration that separates two components of the Monitor scale, were examined for model fit. A 3-factor structure best modeled the data when compared directly with 1-, 2-, and 4-factor models. …

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Executive Functions In Preschool Children Born Preterm: Application Of Cognitive Neuroscience Paradigms, K. A. Espy, M. M. Stalets, M. D. Mcdiarmid, T. E. Senn, M. F. Cwik, A. Hamby Nov 2002

Executive Functions In Preschool Children Born Preterm: Application Of Cognitive Neuroscience Paradigms, K. A. Espy, M. M. Stalets, M. D. Mcdiarmid, T. E. Senn, M. F. Cwik, A. Hamby

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

Although children born preterm are at risk for neuropsychological impairments at school age and adolescence, including difficulties with visual motor integration, spatial/constructional skills, attention, arithmetic, and nonverbal executive functions, specific neuropsychological outcome has not been investigated adequately in preschoolers. Application of cognitive neuroscience tasks offers the opportunity to characterize early executive functions in young children born preterm. In a preliminary sample of 29 preschool children born preterm (M birth gestational age=32.4 weeks), executive function outcome was compared to that of fullterm controls by contrasting performance on two prototypic delayed-response-type paradigms, Delayed Alternation and Spatial Reversal. Preschoolers born preterm correctly retrieved …

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"Getting Into The Mouths" Of Preschoolers: A Method For Obtaining Buccal Samples For Later Genotyping, K. A. Espy, A. F. Hamby Nov 2002

"Getting Into The Mouths" Of Preschoolers: A Method For Obtaining Buccal Samples For Later Genotyping, K. A. Espy, A. F. Hamby

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

A new procedure is described by which to obtain buccal samples from preschool children for research investigations that include genotyping. Called the "Lollipop Tasting Game", the procedure involves three mason jars which were filled about halfway with water. Granulated sugar was added to each jar to make a noticeably sweet solution. Red food coloring was added to the first jar, a small bit of reconstituted lemon juice and yellow food coloring were added to the second jar, and finally, a bit of vanilla and blue food coloring were added to the last jar. The examiner dips cotton swabs in the …

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Individual Differences In The Development Of Executive Function In Children: Lessons From The Delayed Response And A-Not-B Tasks, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann Nov 2002

Individual Differences In The Development Of Executive Function In Children: Lessons From The Delayed Response And A-Not-B Tasks, K. A. Espy, P. M. Kaufmann

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty and Staff Publications

An explosion of research activity in the area of attention, memory, and executive function has been noted since the mid-1980s (Lyon & Krasnegor, 1996). The bulk of this activity, however, has focused on the examination of group differences in executive skills, with less attention devoted to the manner by which individual children differ in executive skills from their peers. This chapter explores individual differences from a developmental perspective, that is, by returning to the emergence of basic executive functions and tracing the subsequent manifestations by examining the individual patterns of change. Therefore, it first reviews the history of executive function …

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Kalirin Dbl-Homology Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 1 Domain Initiates New Axon Outgrowths Via Rhog-Mediated Mechanisms, Victor May, Martin R. Schiller, Betty A. Eipper, Richard E. Mains Aug 2002

Kalirin Dbl-Homology Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 1 Domain Initiates New Axon Outgrowths Via Rhog-Mediated Mechanisms, Victor May, Martin R. Schiller, Betty A. Eipper, Richard E. Mains

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The large multidomain Kalirin and Trio proteins containing dual Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains have been implicated in the regulation of neuronal fiber extension and pathfinding during evelopment. In mammals, Kalirin is expressed predominantly in the nervous system, whereas Trio, broadly expressed throughout the body, is expressed at a lower level in the nervous system. To evaluate the role of Kalirin in fiber initiation and outgrowth, we microinjected cultured sympathetic neurons with vectors encoding Kalirin or with Kalirin antisense oligonucleotides, and we assessed neuronal fiber growth in a serum-free, satellite cell-free environment. Kalirin antisense oligonucleotides blocked the …

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Distinct Properties Of Crac And Mic Channels In Rbl Cells, J. Ashot Kozak, Hubert H. Kerschbaum, Michael D. Cahalan Aug 2002

Distinct Properties Of Crac And Mic Channels In Rbl Cells, J. Ashot Kozak, Hubert H. Kerschbaum, Michael D. Cahalan

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

In rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and Jurkat T cells, Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels open in response to passive Ca2+ store depletion. Inwardly rectifying CRAC channels admit monovalent cations when external divalent ions are removed. Removal of internal Mg2+ exposes an outwardly rectifying current (Mg2+-inhibited cation [MIC]) that also admits monovalent cations when external divalent ions are removed. Here we demonstrate that CRAC and MIC currents are separable by ion selectivity and rectification properties: by kinetics of activation and susceptibility to run-down and by pharmacological sensitivity to external Mg2+, spermine, and …

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Functional Mri And The Study Of Human Consciousness., Dan Lloyd Aug 2002

Functional Mri And The Study Of Human Consciousness., Dan Lloyd

Faculty Scholarship

Functional brain imaging offers new opportunities for the study of that most pervasive of cognitive conditions, human consciousness. Since consciousness is attendant to so much of human cognitive life, its study requires secondary analysis of multiple experimental datasets. Here, four preprocessed datasets from the National fMRI Data Center are considered: Hazeltine et al., Neural activation during response competition; Ishai et al., The representation of objects in the human occipital and temporal cortex; Mechelli et al., The effects of presentation rate during word and pseudoword reading; and Postle et al., Activity in human frontal cortex associated with spatial working memory and …

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The Effects Of Prostaglandin E2 On The Neurons Of The Ventromedial Preoptic Area Of The Hypothalamus: A Mechanism Of Fever, Heather J. Ranels Jan 2002

The Effects Of Prostaglandin E2 On The Neurons Of The Ventromedial Preoptic Area Of The Hypothalamus: A Mechanism Of Fever, Heather J. Ranels

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

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