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Articles 1 - 30 of 67
Full-Text Articles in Medical Cell Biology
The Development Of Novel Apurinic/Aprymidinic Endonuclease/Redox-Factor 1 Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Human Melanoma, Bella Sharifi
The Development Of Novel Apurinic/Aprymidinic Endonuclease/Redox-Factor 1 Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Human Melanoma, Bella Sharifi
Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses
Apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA repair endonuclease-1 (APE1), first recognized as an important DNA excision repair enzyme, is also known as Redox Factor-1 (Ref-1) involved in the activation of many nuclear transcription factors in both redox-dependent and independent manner. It has been well-documented that the overexpression of APE/Ref-1 contributes to the development of chemo-resistance and is associated with tumor progression in many human malignancies [1].
Our previous study in melanoma demonstrated that the development of novel inhibitors targeting the redox regulation domain of APE/Ref-1 is a promising strategy for melanoma treatment. To date, limited successes have been reported in developing novel …
Multiple Mitochondrial Thioesterases Have Distinct Tissue And Substrate Specificity And Coa Regulation, Suggesting Unique Functional Roles., Carmen Bekeova, Lauren Anderson-Pullinger, Kevin Boye, Felix Boos, Yana Sharpadskaya, Johannes M Herrmann, Erin L. Seifert
Multiple Mitochondrial Thioesterases Have Distinct Tissue And Substrate Specificity And Coa Regulation, Suggesting Unique Functional Roles., Carmen Bekeova, Lauren Anderson-Pullinger, Kevin Boye, Felix Boos, Yana Sharpadskaya, Johannes M Herrmann, Erin L. Seifert
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Acyl-CoA thioesterases (Acots) hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoA esters. Acots in the mitochondrial matrix are poised to mitigate β-oxidation overload and maintain CoA availability. Several Acots associate with mitochondria, but whether they all localize to the matrix, are redundant, or have different roles is unresolved. Here, we compared the suborganellar localization, activity, expression, and regulation among mitochondrial Acots (Acot2, -7, -9, and -13) in mitochondria from multiple mouse tissues and from a model of Acot2 depletion. Acot7, -9, and -13 localized to the matrix, joining Acot2 that was previously shown to localize there. Mitochondria from heart, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue, and …
Interaction Of The Oncoprotein Transcription Factor Myc With Its Chromatin Cofactor Wdr5 Is Essential For Tumor Maintenance., Lance R. Thomas, Clare M. Adams, Jing Wang, April M. Weissmiller, Joy Creighton, Shelly L. Lorey, Qi Liu, Stephen W. Fesik, Christine M. Eischen, William P. Tansey
Interaction Of The Oncoprotein Transcription Factor Myc With Its Chromatin Cofactor Wdr5 Is Essential For Tumor Maintenance., Lance R. Thomas, Clare M. Adams, Jing Wang, April M. Weissmiller, Joy Creighton, Shelly L. Lorey, Qi Liu, Stephen W. Fesik, Christine M. Eischen, William P. Tansey
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
The oncoprotein transcription factor MYC is overexpressed in the majority of cancers. Key to its oncogenic activity is the ability of MYC to regulate gene expression patterns that drive and maintain the malignant state. MYC is also considered a validated anticancer target, but efforts to pharmacologically inhibit MYC have failed. The dependence of MYC on cofactors creates opportunities for therapeutic intervention, but for any cofactor this requires structural understanding of how the cofactor interacts with MYC, knowledge of the role it plays in MYC function, and demonstration that disrupting the cofactor interaction will cause existing cancers to regress. One cofactor …
Alzheimer's And Amyloid Beta: Amyloidogenicity And Tauopathy Via Dyshomeostatic Interactions Of Amyloid Beta, Jordan Tillinghast
Alzheimer's And Amyloid Beta: Amyloidogenicity And Tauopathy Via Dyshomeostatic Interactions Of Amyloid Beta, Jordan Tillinghast
Senior Honors Theses
This paper reviews functions of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in healthy individuals compared to the consequences of aberrant Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As extraneuronal Aβ accumulation and plaque formation are characteristics of AD, it is reasonable to infer a pivotal role for Aβ in AD pathogenesis. Establishing progress of the disease as well as the mechanism of neurodegeneration from AD have proven difficult (Selkoe, 1994). This thesis provides evidence suggesting the pathogenesis of AD is due to dysfunctional neuronal processes involving Aβ’s synaptic malfunction, abnormal interaction with tau, and disruption of neuronal homeostasis. Significant evidence demonstrates that AD symptoms are partially …
Identification And Molecular Analysis Of Dna In Exosomes, Jena Tavormina
Identification And Molecular Analysis Of Dna In Exosomes, Jena Tavormina
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Exosomes are heterogeneous nanoparticles 50-150nm in diameter. Exosomes contain many functional cargo components, such as protein, DNA, and RNA. While protein and RNA exosome content has been extensively studied, very little work has been done to characterize exosomal DNA. Here, we demonstrate that exosomal DNA is heterogeneous and its packaging into exosomes is dependent on the cell of origin. Furthermore, through a rigorous assessment of various isolation methods, we identify Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) as the best method for the isolation of exosomal DNA for downstream applications. Additionally, we evaluate the methylation status of exosomal DNA and demonstrate that exosomal …
It's A Hard Nacht Life: Understanding How Nlrp12 Ticks, Abbigale Julia Brown
It's A Hard Nacht Life: Understanding How Nlrp12 Ticks, Abbigale Julia Brown
MSU Graduate Theses
The protein NOD- like receptor pyrin domain containing 12 (NLRP12) comes from a family of protein receptors with a wide range of functions including fertility as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The biological role of NLRP12 is poorly understood: research on the mechanisms behind its function and/or activation remains contradictory between different cell models. Current research suggests its involvement in a multi-protein complex named the inflammasome. The alternative hypothesis that has also been proposed is that NLRP12 is not a part of the inflammasome, rather it negatively regulates a transcription factor known as NF-��B down stream of Toll-like receptors. NLRP12 is …
Discovery Of Novel Mechanisms Regulating Cancer Extravasation In The Chorioallantoic Membrane Model, Yohan Kim
Discovery Of Novel Mechanisms Regulating Cancer Extravasation In The Chorioallantoic Membrane Model, Yohan Kim
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process that begins with the invasion of tumour cells into the stroma and migration towards the blood vessels. Tumour cells that have entered the bloodstream must then survive and leave by a process known as extravasation. Finally, extravasated cells proliferate and establish the secondary site in the metastatic cascade. Although extravasation encompasses key events during cancer cell invasion to aid in the development of effective treatments, an in vivo model that rapidly, reproducibly and economically recapitulates cancer cell extravasation is needed. Therefore, the objectives of my research were to 1) establish and validate an in …
Characterization Of Wilms' Tumour 1 (Wt1) As A Biomarker For Fibrosis In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Patrick Murphy
Characterization Of Wilms' Tumour 1 (Wt1) As A Biomarker For Fibrosis In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Patrick Murphy
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited pediatric muscle dystrophy. It is characterized by muscle degeneration, resulting in fibrosis that is a significant impediment to both endogenous muscle repair and any potential regenerative strategy. At present, there are few therapies that specifically address fibrosis and microenvironment improvement, but one possibility rests in targeting the Wilms’ tumour 1 (Wt1) protein. Wt1 is a zinc finger transcription factor, recently shown to be expressed in fibrotic conditions such as Dupuytren’s disease and pulmonary fibrosis. This thesis examines the expression pattern of Wt1 in several mouse models of DMD, through both histological …
Sciatic Nerve Cut And Repair Using Fibrin Glue In Adult Mice, Erica T. Akhter, Travis M. Rotterman, Arthur W. English, Francisco J. Alvarez
Sciatic Nerve Cut And Repair Using Fibrin Glue In Adult Mice, Erica T. Akhter, Travis M. Rotterman, Arthur W. English, Francisco J. Alvarez
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
- Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is an excellent model for studying neural responses to injury and elucidating the mechanisms that can facilitate axon regeneration. As such, several animal models have been employed to study regenerative mechanisms after PNI, including Aplysia, zebrafish, rabbits, cats and rodents. This protocol describes how to perform a sciatic nerve injury and repair in mice, one of the most frequently used models to study mechanisms that facilitate recovery after PNI, and that takes advantage of the availability of many genetic models. In this protocol, we describe a method for using fibrin glue to secure the proximal …
Identification Of Monocyte-Like Precursors Of Granulocytes In Cancer As A Mechanism For Accumulation Of Pmn-Mdscs., Jérôme Mastio, Thomas Condamine, George Dominguez, Andrew V Kossenkov, Laxminarasimha Donthireddy, Filippo Veglia, Cindy Lin, Fang Wang, Shuyu Fu, Jie Zhou, Patrick Viatour, Sergio Lavilla-Alonso, Alexander T. Polo, Evgenii N. Tcyganov, Charles Mulligan, Brian Nam, Joseph Bennett, Gregory Masters, Michael Guarino, Amit Kumar, Yulia Nefedova, Robert H. Vonderheide, Lucia R. Languino, Scott I. Abrams, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Identification Of Monocyte-Like Precursors Of Granulocytes In Cancer As A Mechanism For Accumulation Of Pmn-Mdscs., Jérôme Mastio, Thomas Condamine, George Dominguez, Andrew V Kossenkov, Laxminarasimha Donthireddy, Filippo Veglia, Cindy Lin, Fang Wang, Shuyu Fu, Jie Zhou, Patrick Viatour, Sergio Lavilla-Alonso, Alexander T. Polo, Evgenii N. Tcyganov, Charles Mulligan, Brian Nam, Joseph Bennett, Gregory Masters, Michael Guarino, Amit Kumar, Yulia Nefedova, Robert H. Vonderheide, Lucia R. Languino, Scott I. Abrams, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
We have identified a precursor that differentiates into granulocytes in vitro and in vivo yet belongs to the monocytic lineage. We have termed these cells monocyte-like precursors of granulocytes (MLPGs). Under steady state conditions, MLPGs were absent in the spleen and barely detectable in the bone marrow (BM). In contrast, these cells significantly expanded in tumor-bearing mice and differentiated to polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). Selective depletion of monocytic cells had no effect on the number of granulocytes in naive mice but decreased the population of PMN-MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice by 50%. The expansion of MLPGs was found to be …
Activation Of Lxrβ Inhibits Tumor Respiration And Is Synthetically Lethal With Bcl-Xl Inhibition, Trang Thi Thu Nguyen, Chiaki Tsuge Ishida, Enyuan Shang, Chang Shu, Consuelo Torrini, Yiru Zhang, Elena Bianchetti, Maria J. Sanchez-Quintero, Giulio Kleiner, Catarina M. Quinzii, Mike-Andrew Westhoff, Georg Karpel-Massler, Peter Canoll, Markus D. Siegelin
Activation Of Lxrβ Inhibits Tumor Respiration And Is Synthetically Lethal With Bcl-Xl Inhibition, Trang Thi Thu Nguyen, Chiaki Tsuge Ishida, Enyuan Shang, Chang Shu, Consuelo Torrini, Yiru Zhang, Elena Bianchetti, Maria J. Sanchez-Quintero, Giulio Kleiner, Catarina M. Quinzii, Mike-Andrew Westhoff, Georg Karpel-Massler, Peter Canoll, Markus D. Siegelin
Publications and Research
Liver-X-receptor (LXR) agonists are known to bear anti-tumor activity. However, their efficacy is limited and additional insights regarding the underlying mechanism are necessary. By performing transcriptome analysis coupled with global polar metabolite screening, we show that LXR agonists, LXR623 and GW3965, enhance synergistically the anti-proliferative effect of BH3 mimetics in solid tumor malignancies, which is predominantly mediated by cell death with features of apoptosis and is rescued by exogenous cholesterol. Extracellular flux analysis and carbon tracing experiments (U-13C-glucose and U-13C-glutamine) reveal that within 5 h, activation of LXRβ results in reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism, leading …
Generation Of An Oncolytic Adenovirus Targeting The Cxcr4 And Cxcr7 Chemokine Receptors In Breast Cancer, Samia Melissa O'Bryan
Generation Of An Oncolytic Adenovirus Targeting The Cxcr4 And Cxcr7 Chemokine Receptors In Breast Cancer, Samia Melissa O'Bryan
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women under 60 and the second most diagnosed cancer in women over 60. While treatments for localized breast cancer are quite successful with high survival rates at 99%, advanced breast cancer remains hard to treat with a nearly 75% decrease in survival. Current treatments are inefficient at treating advanced stages of breast cancer, and thus, new therapies are sorely needed to address the complexity of advanced stage breast cancer. The ideal therapy would be capable of systemic administration, targets cancer cells and spares normal tissue. Oncolytic adenovirus is an ideal therapeutic vector …
N-Glycosylation-Defective Splice Variants Of Neuropilin-1 Promote Metastasis By Activating Endosomal Signals, Xiuping Huang, Qing Ye, Min Chen, Aimin Li, Wenting Mi, Yuxin Fang, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva, Kathleen L. O'Connor, Craig W. Vander Kooi, Side Liu, Qing-Bai She
N-Glycosylation-Defective Splice Variants Of Neuropilin-1 Promote Metastasis By Activating Endosomal Signals, Xiuping Huang, Qing Ye, Min Chen, Aimin Li, Wenting Mi, Yuxin Fang, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva, Kathleen L. O'Connor, Craig W. Vander Kooi, Side Liu, Qing-Bai She
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is an essential transmembrane receptor with a variety of cellular functions. Here, we identify two human NRP1 splice variants resulting from the skipping of exon 4 and 5, respectively, in colorectal cancer (CRC). Both NRP1 variants exhibit increased endocytosis/recycling activity and decreased levels of degradation, leading to accumulation on endosomes. This increased endocytic trafficking of the two NRP1 variants, upon HGF stimulation, is due to loss of N-glycosylation at the Asn150 or Asn261 site, respectively. Moreover, these NRP1 variants enhance interactions with the Met and β1-integrin receptors, resulting in Met/β1-integrin co-internalization and co-accumulation on endosomes. This provides persistent …
The Role Of Pannexin 1 During Human Adipogenesis In Vitro, Jamie Emily Ching
The Role Of Pannexin 1 During Human Adipogenesis In Vitro, Jamie Emily Ching
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Obesity is the unhealthy accumulation of adipose tissue and affects 10% of the global population. A study reported the loss of mouse pannexin 1 (Panx1), a large channel forming protein, increased adipogenesis in murine adipose derived stem cells (ASCs). Our study was designed to determine if human pannexin 1 (PANX1) inhibits adipogenesis in vitro using human ASCs and induced-mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Pharmacological inhibition of PANX1 using carbenoxolone halted adipogenesis in both the ASCs and iMSCs. When PANX1 was inhibited by probenecid, adipogenesis was impeded in iMSCs, but not in ASCs. PANX1-ablated iPSCs …
Natural Autoantibodies: Origin, Function And Utility For Diagnosis Of Disease, Abhirup Sarkar
Natural Autoantibodies: Origin, Function And Utility For Diagnosis Of Disease, Abhirup Sarkar
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations
Autoantibodies (aAbs) by the simplest definitions have been described as antibodies against self-antigens and were exclusively associated with autoimmune diseases. Eventually, studies demonstrated that they are abundant in the blood of all human sera, regardless of age, gender, or the presence or absence of disease, and were thus named as ‘natural autoantibodies’. The underlying reason for their ubiquity has remained elusive, but we have hypothesized that they are responsible for clearing blood-borne cell and tissue debris generated under conditions of health and disease. To test this, we chose to use two widely different disease model systems, namely neurodegenerative diseases and …
The Role Of The Tau N-Terminal Phosphatase-Activating Domain And Phosphorylation At Thr175 In The Formation Of Tau Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Matthew A. Hintermayer
The Role Of The Tau N-Terminal Phosphatase-Activating Domain And Phosphorylation At Thr175 In The Formation Of Tau Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Matthew A. Hintermayer
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cytoplasmic inclusions and fibrils of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau protein) are a key neuropathological hallmark in tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive impairment. Previous research has demonstrated that the phosphorylation of tau protein at Thr175 is sufficient for the initiation of fibril formation both in vitro and in vivo. Here we use mutated tau protein constructs to demonstrate that phosphorylation at Thr175 results in the aberrant exposure of an N-terminal phosphatase-activating domain (PAD). The tau PAD interacts with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) leading to the activation of glycogen synthase …
The Bone Extracellular Matrix As An Ideal Milieu For Cancer Cell Metastases., Alexus D. Kolb, Karen M. Bussard
The Bone Extracellular Matrix As An Ideal Milieu For Cancer Cell Metastases., Alexus D. Kolb, Karen M. Bussard
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
Bone is a preferential site for cancer metastases, including multiple myeloma, prostate, and breast cancers.The composition of bone, especially the extracellular matrix (ECM), make it an attractive site for cancer cell colonization and survival. The bone ECM is composed of living cells embedded within a matrix composed of both organic and inorganic components. Among the organic components, type I collagen provides the tensile strength of bone. Inorganic components, including hydroxyapatite crystals, are an integral component of bone and provide bone with its rigidity. Under normal circumstances, two of the main cell types in bone, the osteoblasts and osteoclasts, help to …
Single-Cell Glia And Neuron Gene Expression In The Central Amygdala In Opioid Withdrawal Suggests Inflammation With Correlated Gut Dysbiosis, Sean J. O'Sullivan, Evangelia Malahias, James Park, Ankita Srivastava, Beverly A.S. Reyes, Jonathan Gorky, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele, James S. Schwaber
Single-Cell Glia And Neuron Gene Expression In The Central Amygdala In Opioid Withdrawal Suggests Inflammation With Correlated Gut Dysbiosis, Sean J. O'Sullivan, Evangelia Malahias, James Park, Ankita Srivastava, Beverly A.S. Reyes, Jonathan Gorky, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele, James S. Schwaber
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Drug-seeking in opioid dependence is due in part to the severe negative emotion associated with the withdrawal syndrome. It is well-established that negative emotional states emerge from activity in the amygdala. More recently, gut microflora have been shown to contribute substantially to such emotions. We measured gene expression in single glia and neurons gathered from the amygdala using laser capture microdissection and simultaneously measured gut microflora in morphine-dependent and withdrawn rats to investigate drivers of negative emotion in opioid withdrawal. We found that neuroinflammatory genes, notably Tnf, were upregulated in the withdrawal condition and that astrocytes, in particular, were highly …
Modulation Of Inflammation Driven Wound Healing After Glaucoma Surgery, James J. Armstrong
Modulation Of Inflammation Driven Wound Healing After Glaucoma Surgery, James J. Armstrong
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Dysregulated wound healing contributes to most currently unanswered ophthalmological morbidity. Opacification and structure altering contractures compromise the delicate ocular anatomy upon which ocular function and healthy vision are reliant. Glaucoma filtration surgery, corneal stromal injury, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are major contributors to ocular morbidity – all with myofibroblast transdifferentiation and pathognomonic scarring activity at their core.
This thesis aims to revaluate the means by which dysregulated ocular wound healing is combated with evidence describing a novel strategy to mitigate its effects. A translational approach was used. An initial retrospective analysis of over ten thousand glaucoma surgeries found …
M6a Mrna Demethylase Fto Regulates Melanoma Tumorigenicity And Response To Anti-Pd-1 Blockade, Seungwon Yang, Jiangbo Wei, Yan-Hong Cui, Gayoung Park, Palak Shah, Yu Deng, Andrew E. Aplin, Zhike Lu, Seungmin Hwang, Chuan He, Yu-Ying He
M6a Mrna Demethylase Fto Regulates Melanoma Tumorigenicity And Response To Anti-Pd-1 Blockade, Seungwon Yang, Jiangbo Wei, Yan-Hong Cui, Gayoung Park, Palak Shah, Yu Deng, Andrew E. Aplin, Zhike Lu, Seungmin Hwang, Chuan He, Yu-Ying He
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
Melanoma is one of the most deadly and therapy-resistant cancers. Here we show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA demethylation by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) increases melanoma growth and decreases response to anti-PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. FTO level is increased in human melanoma and enhances melanoma tumorigenesis in mice. FTO is induced by metabolic starvation stress through the autophagy and NF-κB pathway. Knockdown of FTO increases m6A methylation in the critical protumorigenic melanoma cell-intrinsic genes including PD-1 (PDCD1), CXCR4, and SOX10, leading to increased RNA decay through the m6A reader YTHDF2. Knockdown of …
Cyclin C Regulated Oxidative Stress Responsive Transcriptome In Mus Musculus Embryonic Fibroblasts, David C Stieg, Kai-Ti Chang, Katrina F Cooper, Randy Strich
Cyclin C Regulated Oxidative Stress Responsive Transcriptome In Mus Musculus Embryonic Fibroblasts, David C Stieg, Kai-Ti Chang, Katrina F Cooper, Randy Strich
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
The transcriptional changes that occur in response to oxidative stress help direct the decision to maintain cell viability or enter a cell death pathway. Cyclin C-Cdk8 is a conserved kinase that associates with the RNA polymerase II Mediator complex that stimulates or represses transcription depending on the locus. In response to oxidative stress, cyclin C, but not Cdk8, displays partial translocation into the cytoplasm. These findings open the possibility that cyclin C relocalization is a regulatory mechanism governing oxidative stress-induced transcriptional changes. In the present study, the cyclin C-dependent transcriptome was determined and compared to transcriptional changes occurring in oxidatively …
Real-Time Interactive Simulation Of Human Atrial Electrical Activity On Realistic 3d Atrial Structures Using Webgl, Abouzar Kaboudian, Yanyan Ji, Elizabeth Cherry, Flavio H. Fenton
Real-Time Interactive Simulation Of Human Atrial Electrical Activity On Realistic 3d Atrial Structures Using Webgl, Abouzar Kaboudian, Yanyan Ji, Elizabeth Cherry, Flavio H. Fenton
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
A Unique Role For Clathrin Light Chain A In Cell Spreading And Migration., Oxana M. Tsygankova, James H. Keen
A Unique Role For Clathrin Light Chain A In Cell Spreading And Migration., Oxana M. Tsygankova, James H. Keen
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers
Clathrin heavy chain is the structural component of the clathrin triskelion, but unique functions for the two distinct and highly conserved clathrin light chains (CLCa and CLCb, also known as CLTA and CLTB, respectively) have been elusive. Here, we show that following detachment and replating, CLCa is uniquely responsible for promoting efficient cell spreading and migration. Selective depletion of CLCa, but not of CLCb, reduced the initial phase of isotropic spreading of HeLa, H1299 and HEK293 cells by 60-80% compared to siRNA controls, and wound closure and motility by ∼50%. Surface levels of β1-integrins were unaffected by CLCa depletion. However, …
Development Of A Sonically Powered Biodegradable Nanogenerator For Bone Regeneration, Avi Patel
Development Of A Sonically Powered Biodegradable Nanogenerator For Bone Regeneration, Avi Patel
Honors Scholar Theses
Background: Reconstruction of bone fractures and defects remains a big challenge in orthopedic surgery. While regenerative engineering has advanced the field greatly using a combination of biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells, one matter of difficulty is inducing osteogenesis in these cells. Recent works have shown electricity’s ability to promote osteogenesis in stem cell lines when seeded in bone scaffolds; however, typical electrical stimulators are either (a) externally housed and require overcomplex percutaneous wires be connected to the implanted scaffold or (b) implanted non-degradable devices which contain toxic batteries and require invasive removal surgeries.
Objective: Here, we establish a biodegradable, piezoelectric …
The Role Of Ros In The Progression And Treatment Of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Dannah R. Miller
The Role Of Ros In The Progression And Treatment Of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Dannah R. Miller
Theses & Dissertations
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in U.S. men, primarily due to the development of castration-resistant (CR) prostate cancer (PCa), of which there are no effective treatment options. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in prostate carcinogenesis, including the progression of the CR PCa phenotype. ROS regulates both cell proliferation and apoptosis; a moderate increase in ROS can promote proliferation; however, a substantial rise in ROS levels will result in apoptosis. Oxidase p66Shc is elevated in clinical PCa cells and has been associated with a metastatic phenotype of CR PCa cells, promoting PCa cell …
Yeast Mitochondrial Protein Pet111p Binds Directly To Two Distinct Targets In Cox2 Mrna, Suggesting A Mechanism Of Translational Activation, Julia L Jones, Katharina B Hofmann, Andrew T Cowan, Dmitry Temiakov, Patrick Cramer, Michael Anikin
Yeast Mitochondrial Protein Pet111p Binds Directly To Two Distinct Targets In Cox2 Mrna, Suggesting A Mechanism Of Translational Activation, Julia L Jones, Katharina B Hofmann, Andrew T Cowan, Dmitry Temiakov, Patrick Cramer, Michael Anikin
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
The genes in mitochondrial DNA code for essential subunits of the respiratory chain complexes. In yeast, expression of mitochondrial genes is controlled by a group of gene-specific translational activators encoded in the nucleus. These factors appear to be part of a regulatory system that enables concerted expression of the necessary genes from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to produce functional respiratory complexes. Many of the translational activators are believed to act on the 5'-untranslated regions of target mRNAs, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this regulation remain obscure. In this study, we used a combination of in vivo and in …
Development Of Methods To Evaluate The Use Of Medi-551 To Target Cd19 Transmembrane Proteins On B-Cells To Improve Systemic Sclerosis, Natalia Dohman
Development Of Methods To Evaluate The Use Of Medi-551 To Target Cd19 Transmembrane Proteins On B-Cells To Improve Systemic Sclerosis, Natalia Dohman
Honors Thesis
Systemic sclerosis, a subcategory of scleroderma, is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the skin and, in some cases, the internal organs of those diagnosed with the disease. There is currently no cure for this disease, only treatments to slow its progression. It is important to note that each individual diagnosed with scleroderma experience differences in severity and symptoms of the disease and are treated based on their symptoms, not as a whole. Many factors of this disease still remain unknown, such as what causes the disease or stimulates the onset of it. Recent studies have helped determine different treatment …
Effect Of Tyrosine On The Productivity Of Pc12 Cells By Measuring Extracellular Atp Release, Sabrina Burkholder, Mary Rapmund, David Fogel, Jon Flees
Effect Of Tyrosine On The Productivity Of Pc12 Cells By Measuring Extracellular Atp Release, Sabrina Burkholder, Mary Rapmund, David Fogel, Jon Flees
Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters
Given the challenge to “reverse-engineer the brain”, our group tried to address the problems of a lack of long term focus and attention span. Tyrosine was determined to aid in mental focus and brain productivity as it is a precursor to the neurotransmitter Dopamine. Given that Tyrosine is naturally occurring in the body, it is preferable to add to the body, whereas a substance like Adderall has negative effects, including increased heart rate that, over time, can cause cardiovascular damage. Drawing connections between in increase ATP and an increased ability to focus and perform under stress, extracellular ATP secretion of …
Evaluating The Potential Of Repurposing Commercially Available Drugs For The Treatment Of Viral Infections, Brennan Connor Mcewan
Evaluating The Potential Of Repurposing Commercially Available Drugs For The Treatment Of Viral Infections, Brennan Connor Mcewan
Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects
Viral infections that are often overlooked as common seasonal illnesses such as influenza can rapidly become a public threat. They threaten society as new, more dangerous strains of these common viruses emerge and as strains develop resistance to current vaccines and antiviral treatments (Kochanek, Murphy, Xu, & Tejada-Vera, 2014). To combat this, the development of antiviral treatments with novel mechanisms of action is essential. Repurposing drugs instead of developing new drugs can save years of development time and hundreds of millions of dollars (DiMasi, Hansen, & Grabowski, 2003). To support the effort to discover drugs with unique mechanisms of action, …
Differential Iron Regulatory Genetics In 2d & 3d Culture Of Breast Cancer Cells, Tyler Hanna, Suzy Torti Ph. D, Frank Torti M.D., Mph, Nicole Farra Ph. D.
Differential Iron Regulatory Genetics In 2d & 3d Culture Of Breast Cancer Cells, Tyler Hanna, Suzy Torti Ph. D, Frank Torti M.D., Mph, Nicole Farra Ph. D.
Honors Scholar Theses
The iron regulatory axis has consistently been shown to be perturbed in cancer cell lines relative to non-cancerous cell lines. As cancer cells rapidly divide and grow, they require iron to fuel many intracellular processes, including DNA replication and protein synthesis. Three-dimensional cell culture is an increasingly popular method of culture that purportedly more accurately mimics the in vivo microenvironment of cancers over traditional two-dimensional culture. This project was prompted by previous lab results to investigate differential iron regulatory gene expression in 2D and 3D spheroid culture models. We replicated the findings that the gene hepcidin is induced in 3D …