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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Nervous System
The Clinical Value Of Oculomotor Assessments Across The Continuum Of Concussion, Dillon Richards
The Clinical Value Of Oculomotor Assessments Across The Continuum Of Concussion, Dillon Richards
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Concussions are complex conditions that are difficult to manage medically. Variations in symptom presentation, intricate neurophysiological processes, and the availability of a variety of possible assessment tools may contribute to this complexity. Clinicians must use a broad approach, employing both subjective symptom assessment and objective assessments to confirm a diagnosis and/or monitor progression and recovery. Oculomotor function after concussion may be an important indicator of injury, given the interconnectedness of oculomotor function, vestibulo-ocular and visual systems, and even cognition. Oculomotor function may be assessed objectively or indirectly using patient-reported symptom checklists as part of subjective assessments. One way of objectively …
Establishing Intratumoral Modulation Therapy As A New Treatment Modality For High Grade Gliomas, Andrew M.A. Deweyert
Establishing Intratumoral Modulation Therapy As A New Treatment Modality For High Grade Gliomas, Andrew M.A. Deweyert
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain cancer in adults despite aggressive treatments with surgery and chemo-radiation. Advances in electrotherapeutics offer a foundation for developing new treatment modalities that exploit an innate vulnerability of glioblastoma (GBM). Low intensity, non-ablative electric fields are innocuous to normal neural structure, but incite GBM cell apoptosis by putatively disrupting cytokinesis and transmembrane ion homeostasis. Our collaborative research group is pioneering a new electrotherapeutic technology for GBM called Intratumoral Modulation Therapy (IMT) which uses customized, implanted bioelectrodes to deliver sustained, titratable and focused therapeutic electric fields into tumor-affected brain regions. My work …
Ultra-High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging For Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Jonathan Lau
Ultra-High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging For Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Jonathan Lau
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Stereotactic neurosurgery is a subspecialty within neurosurgery concerned with accurate targeting of brain structures. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a specific type of stereotaxy in which electrodes are implanted in deep brain structures. It has proven therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson’s disease and Essential Tremor, but with an expanding number of indications under evaluation including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, epilepsy, and obesity, many more Canadians with chronic health conditions may benefit. Accurate surgical targeting is crucial with millimeter deviations resulting in unwanted side effects including muscle contractions, or worse, vessel injury. Lack of adequate visualization of surgical targets with conventional lower field …
The Use Of Current Steering During Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation To Alleviate Upper Limb Symptoms Of Parkinson's Disease, Shabna Iftikar Mohideen
The Use Of Current Steering During Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation To Alleviate Upper Limb Symptoms Of Parkinson's Disease, Shabna Iftikar Mohideen
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment to alleviate the appendicular motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Current steering during DBS allows the unequal fractionation of current between two electrodes on the lead, resulting in a non-spherical electrical field. It is hypothesized that the way the electrical field is shaped will affect a patient’s upper limb symptom alleviation. Seven PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS were tested over four weeks post-operation. 16 current fractionation settings were tested each week at an amplitude that increased weekly. Optimal setting was defined as the setting that provided the best …
Detecting A-Series Ganglioside Expression Profile Changes During Microglial Activation, Mona M. Alshaikh
Detecting A-Series Ganglioside Expression Profile Changes During Microglial Activation, Mona M. Alshaikh
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
With aging, our brains become more susceptible to disease and injury. Different regions of the brain have differing levels of vulnerability to stress and injury, and this brain region-dependent variability to vulnerability could be partly explained by the existence of glycosphingolipids within the cell’s plasma membrane called gangliosides. Gangliosides are expressed predominantly within the brain and play various roles within the central nervous system including neural repair, cell survival, and neurodegeneration. Our laboratory has demonstrated that gangliosides can shift their composition from GM1 back to GM2 and GM3 following stroke in mice and rats indicating a role for simple gangliosides …
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Of Motor Fibre Path Integrity And Overt Responsiveness In Disorders Of Consciousness, Clara A. Stafford
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Of Motor Fibre Path Integrity And Overt Responsiveness In Disorders Of Consciousness, Clara A. Stafford
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This study investigated the relationship between motor thalamo-cortico-cerebellar fibre path integrity and overt responsiveness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Additionally, we investigated the potential of imaging these motor tracts at ultra-high fields. Study I and II aimed to map the white matter connections of motor execution fibres in DOC patients. Our results showed significant reductions in motor fibre path integrity across DOC diagnostic categories. Study III and IV aimed to develop a 7T MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) sequence. We optimized this sequence to image motor fibre paths in DOC patients. We concluded that, in healthy controls, probabilistic …
Unravelling The Subfields Of The Hippocampal Head Using 7-Tesla Structural Mri, Jordan M. K. Dekraker
Unravelling The Subfields Of The Hippocampal Head Using 7-Tesla Structural Mri, Jordan M. K. Dekraker
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Probing the functions of human hippocampal subfields is a promising area of research in cognitive neuroscience. However, defining subfield borders in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is challenging. Here, we present a user-guided, semi-automated protocol for segmenting hippocampal subfields on T2-weighted images obtained with 7-Tesla MRI. The protocol takes advantage of extant knowledge about regularities in hippocampal morphology and ontogeny that have not been systematically considered in prior related work. An image feature known as the hippocampal ‘dark band’ facilitates tracking of subfield continuities, allowing for unfolding and segmentation of convoluted hippocampal tissue. Initial results suggest that this protocol offers sufficient …
Evaluating The Pathological And Behavioural Consequences Of Injecting Amyloid Beta Oligomers In The Rat, Ryan S. Wong
Evaluating The Pathological And Behavioural Consequences Of Injecting Amyloid Beta Oligomers In The Rat, Ryan S. Wong
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Currently, no therapeutic treatments are available and our understanding of the disease progression is still unclear. Amyloid beta oligomers (AβO) are potent neurotoxic proteins and may be a potential initiator of the progression of AD. The purpose of this project was to identify the spatial and temporal consequences of injecting AβO into the rat brain by evaluating pathological and behavioural outcomes. We hypothesized that injecting AβO into the rat brain will result in microglial response as well as behavioural and …
The Antisaccade Task: Visual Distractors Elicit A Location-Independent Planning 'Cost', Jesse C. Desimone
The Antisaccade Task: Visual Distractors Elicit A Location-Independent Planning 'Cost', Jesse C. Desimone
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Prosaccades are rapid eye movements with direct stimulus and response relations and are designed to bring the fovea onto a target or area of interest. In contrast, antisaccades require the inhibition of a prosaccade and the evocation of a saccade to a target’s mirror-symmetrical location. Previous work has shown that a remote (i.e., midline, contralateral) – but not proximal (i.e., ipsilateral) – task-irrelevant distractor relative to a visual target delays prosaccade reaction times (RT) (i.e., remote distractor effect: RDE). To my knowledge, however, no work has examined whether antisaccade RTs are similarly influenced by a RDE. Accordingly, I sought to …
Effects Of Prenatal Testosterone On The Reproductive And Metabolic Neurons Of The Sheep Hypothalamus, Maria Cernea
Effects Of Prenatal Testosterone On The Reproductive And Metabolic Neurons Of The Sheep Hypothalamus, Maria Cernea
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting reproductively aged women. Women with PCOS and ewes prenatally exposed to testosterone (T) show similar reproductive and metabolic defects, including anovulatory dysfunctions stemming from abnormal gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and insulin resistance. For this dissertation, I examined the effects of prenatal T treatment on androgen receptor (AR) and insulin receptor (IR) expression with the reproductive and metabolic neurons of the hypothalamus, the ARC KNDy (co-expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B/dynorphin), AgRP (agouti-related peptide) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, and the preoptic area (POA) kisspeptin neurons, and the GnRH neurons. …