Diagnosis Commons^™

Peptide-Mediated Targeting Of Angiogenesis For Molecular Imaging And Treatment Of Cancer, Choi-Fong Cho

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The development of screening approaches to identify novel affinity ligands has paved the way for a new generation of molecular targeted nanomedicines. To identify novel targeting ligands, several studies have demonstrated the advantages in screening one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) libraries. Conventional methods typically bias the display of the target protein to ligands during the screening process. We have developed an unbiased multiplex ‘beads on a bead’ strategy to isolate, characterize, and validate high affinity ligands from OBOC libraries. In addition, due to the advantages associated with screening OBOC libraries directly against living cells, we sought to combine cell-based screen methods with automated …

Us Patent #8,326,389 - A System For In Vivo Biosensing Based On The Optical Response, Arthur Epstein, Louis R. Nemzer

Louis R Nemzer

A system for continuous in vivo biosensing of specific analyte molecule concentrations based on the dynamic optical properties of electronic polymers is disclosed. The biosensor system includes at least one implant member subcutaneously exposed to the interstitial fluid of the subject, and a reader member at least temporarily positioned over the implant member to probe it with light of specific wavelengths through the skin. The system has many potential applications, including the real-time monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetics as a method to supplement or replace conventional capillary blood testing.

Diagnostic Validity Of Physical Examination Maneuvers And Patient Reported History For Shoulder Pathology, Lyndsay Somerville

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Shoulder pain and disability can pose a diagnostic challenge for clinicians owing to the numerous etiologies than can exist and the potential for multiple disorders to co-exist. There are an abundance of physical examination maneuvers available to clinicians to utilize in their clinical decision making. Additionally the patient history may be an important diagnostic tool in patients with shoulder pathology. The evidence in support of most clinical tests is weak or absent and only a few studies have formally assessed the measurement properties of history findings. The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic validity of physical examination …

Rapid Detection Of Streptococcus Mutans In Saliva, Catherine E. Holtman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Documentation exists that mothers can pass the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans to their infants. The newest technology to identify Streptococcus mutans is a rapid detection saliva test. Two hundred patients above the age of 18 were targeted using random selection in a Louisville, Kentucky dental office. Patients signed an informed consent form and were given a qualifying questionnaire. Patients received 2 bitewing x-rays and a charted DMFT index and were administered the saliva test. While the null hypothesis was rejected using the chi square test, the results were inconclusive due to expected values. However, other chi square results revealed that …

A Digital X-Ray Tomosynthesis Coupled Near Infrared Spectral Tomography System For Dual-Modality Breast Imaging, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Kelly E. Michaelsen, Brian W. Pogue, Steven P. Poplack, Ian Shaw, Ken Defrietas, Ken Brooks, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

A Near Infrared Spectral Tomography (NIRST) system has been developed and integrated into a commercial Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) scanner to allow structural and functional imaging of breast in vivo. The NIRST instrument uses an 8-wavelength continuous wave (CW) laser-based scanning source assembly and a 75-element silicon photodiode solid-state detector panel to produce dense spectral and spatial projection data from which spectrally constrained 3D tomographic images of tissue chromophores are produced. Integration of the optical imaging system into the DBT scanner allows direct co-registration of the optical and DBT images, while also facilitating the synergistic use of x-ray contrast as …

Diagnostic Potential Of The Nmda Receptor Peptide Assay For Acute Ischemic Stroke, Svetlana A. Dambinova, Kerstin Bettermann, Theodore Glynn, Matthew Tews, David Olsen, Joseph D. Weissman, Richard K. Sowell

Faculty and Research Publications

Background

The acute assessment of patients with suspected ischemic stroke remains challenging. The use of brain biomarker assays may improve the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The main goal of the study was to evaluate whether the NR2 peptide, a product of the proteolytic degradation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, can differentiate acute ischemic stroke (IS) from stroke mimics and persons with vascular risk factors/healthy controls. A possible correlation between biomarker values and lesion sizes was investigated as the secondary objective.

Methods and Findings

A total of 192 patients with suspected stroke who presented within 72 h of symptom onset …

Racial Inequality In The Valuation Of Health Outcomes Expressed By The 1992 Acs Guidelines For Prostate Cancer Screening, C. A. Beam

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

In 1992, the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommended annual screening for prostate cancer for men 50 and older using PSA. In this article, I introduce a method to use race and age-specific PSA accuracy data to evaluate differences in the valuation of outcomes by race and age that were expressed by the ACS guidelines. Using this new method, it can be concluded that the guidelines implied a 4-fold greater valuation was assigned to screening young white males with prostate cancer than the value that was assigned to young black males with cancer. Future implementation of guidelines for screening and testing …

Arc Sac Advisory Pulse Check For Cardiac Arrest, Sarah Clarke, Richard N. Bradley, Siobán Kennedy

Richard N Bradley

One good quality study (LOE 4) supports omitting a pulse check after defibrillation for patients in cardiac arrest.

One fair quality study (LOE 4) opposes the performance of simultaneous as opposed to sequential pulse and breathing check to determine cardiac arrest.

There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation on the preferred method for the initial determination of cardiac arrest.

CPR courses should specifically teach the recognition of agonal breathing and the understanding that agonal breathing is not normal breathing and that it indicates the need for CPR.

A Knowledge-Based Clinical Toxicology Consultant For Diagnosing Single Exposures, Joel D. Schipper, Douglas D. Dankel Ii, A. Antonio Arroyo, Jay L. Schauben

Publications

Objective: Every year, toxic exposures kill twelve hundred Americans. To aid in the timely diagnosis and treatment of such exposures, this research investigates the feasibility of a knowledge-based system capable of generating differential diagnoses for human exposures involving unknown toxins.

Methods: Data mining techniques automatically extract prior probabilities and likelihood ratios from a database managed by the Florida Poison Information Center. Using observed clinical effects, the trained system produces a ranked list of plausible toxic exposures. The resulting system was evaluated using 30,152 single exposure cases. In addition, the effects of two filters for refining diagnosis based on …

The Effect Of Progesterone Only Contraception On The Accuracy Of Cervical Cytologic Interpretation, Michelle Reneé Collins

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Abstract Introduction: Papanicolaou screening is the standard of care for the detection of abnormal cervical cells. Early detection and treatment of cervical neoplasia depends on the accurate interpretation of the cytologic sample. Diagnosis of dysplasia is made by histology interpretation to confirm the results of cytology screening. Cervical cells are susceptible to change as a result of hormonal exposure, and this has the potential to affect cytologic interpretation. Cervical cells may be exposed to exogenous progesterone if the woman uses injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or a progesterone intrauterine device. Previous study results have been inconsistent regarding the effect of progesterone …

A Social Controversy: Autism Spectrum Disorder's Correlation To The Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination, Lindsay A. Frye

Senior Honors Theses

A 1998 research study lead by Dr. Andrew Wakefield linked the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination as a probable cause to autism spectrum disorder. This publication has started a significant debate among healthcare professionals and instigated an anti-vaccination movement within the general population. This vaccination controversy was started by parents who readily accepted Wakefield’s findings as truth and frequently would choose to withdrawal the administration of vaccinations from their children’s care plans. There has also been disapproval by healthcare professionals over Wakefield’s study since numerous research teams have been unable to replicate his findings. This disagreement surrounding the MMR vaccination is likely …

T-Scores In African American Women, Catherine Meyer, Brooke L. Griffin, Kathy Komperda, Jill Borchert

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Many older bone densitometer (DXA) machines are programmed to calculate T-scores for African- American patients using peak African-American bone mass as reference standard.

This presents a problem because most data regarding fracture risk has been derived using Caucasian data (Binkley 2002). If the T-score for an African-American woman is calculated using a race-adjusted reference, the same absolute bone density will yield a lower T-score for an African- American than for a Caucasian woman. For this reason, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry has recommended that T-scores for all women, regardless of ethnicity, be calculated from Caucasian reference standards (ISCD 2007).

Potential For False Positive Hiv Test Results With The Serial Rapid Hiv Testing Algorithm, Steven Baveewo, Moses R. Kamya, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Robin Fatch, David Bangsberg, Thomas J. Coates, Judith A. Hahn, Rhoda K. Wanyenze

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Rapid HIV tests provide same-day results and are widely used in HIV testing programs in areas with limited personnel and laboratory infrastructure. The Uganda Ministry of Health currently recommends the serial rapid testing algorithm with Determine, STAT-PAK, and Uni-Gold for diagnosis of HIV infection. Using this algorithm, individuals who test positive on Determine, negative to STAT-PAK and positive to Uni-Gold are reported as HIV positive. We conducted further testing on this subgroup of samples using qualitative DNA PCR to assess the potential for false positive tests in this situation.

Results: Of the 3388 individuals who were tested, 984 were …

Analysis Of Human Skin Tissue By Raman Microspectroscopy: Dealing With The Background, Franck Bonnier, Syed Mehmood Ali, Peter Knief, Helen Lambkin, Kathleen Flynn, Vincent Mcdonagh, Claragh Healy, Thomas Lee, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Raman microspectroscopy is widely used for molecular characterisation of tissue samples. Nevertheless, when working in vitro on tissue sections, the presence of a broad background to the spectra remains problematic and its removal requires advanced methods for pre-processing of the data. To date, research efforts have been primarily devoted to development of techniques of statistical analysis to extract the relevant information contained in the spectra. However, few attempts have been made to understand the origin of the background and to improve the protocols used for the collection of Raman spectra that could lead to the reduction or elimination of the …

Development And Implementation Of Acoustic Feedback Control For Scanning Probe Microscopy, Rodolfo Fernandez Rodriguez

Dissertations and Theses

A remote-sensing acoustic method for implementing position control feedback in Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) is presented. The capabilities of this feedback control using the new Whispering Gallery Acoustic Sensing (WGAS) method is demonstrated in a Shear-force Scanning Probe Microscope that uses a sharp probe attached to a piezoelectric Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) firmly mounted on the microscope's frame. As the QTF is electrically driven its mechanical response reaches the SPM frame which then acts as a resonant cavity producing acoustic modes measured with an acoustic sensor strategically placed on the SPM head. The novelty of the WGAS resides in using …

Durand Et Al 2012 Supplemental Figures, M. Durand, Svetlana V. Komarova, Ajay Bhargava, Keying Li, Cara Fiorino, Osama Maria, Noushin Nabavi, Morris Manolson, Rene Harrison, S. Jeffrey Dixon, Stephen Sims, Marcin Mizianty, Lukasz Kurgan, Sonia Haroun, Gilles Boire, Maria Lucena-Fernandes, Artur De Brum-Fernandes

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

Objective. Our objective was to compare the osteoclastogenic capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) to that of PBMCs from self-reported normal individuals.

Methods. PBMCs from 140 patients with OA and 45 healthy donors were assayed for CD14⁺ expression and induced to differentiate into osteoclasts (OCs) over 3 weeks in vitro. We assessed the number of the OCs, their resorptive activity, OC apoptosis, and expression of the following cytokine receptors: receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1) and IL-1R2. A ridge logistic regression classifier was developed …

Debating The Cause Of Health Disparities: Implications For Bioethics And Racial Equality, Dorothy E. Roberts

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.