Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

Neuromodulation Of Mouse Auditory Cortex Using Focused Ultrasound, Jacob Hehir

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

Neurological diseases impose a large health and financial burden for nations worldwide. Current treatments for many conditions are limited to pharmacological or invasive surgical approaches. Neuromodulation is an alternative therapy wherein electrical currents, magnetic fields, or electromagnetic waves are used to noninvasively modify brain function. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has been shown to alter neural activity, theoretically with much higher spatial resolution than other neuromodulation techniques. However, these predictions assume that neuromodulatory effects are constrained to the acoustic focus. Given that the architecture of neural circuitry in the cerebral cortex supports delicately balanced lateral processing on spatial scales that may exceed …

Aortic Stenosis Management In Patients With Acute Hip Fracture, Juan A. Terré, Juan Torrado, Isaac George, Rafael Harari, Pedro R. Cox-Alomar, Pedro A. Villablanca, Robert T. Faillace, Juan F. Granada, George Dangas, Mario J. Garcia, Azeem Latib, José Wiley

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The treatment of severe aortic stenosis (SAS) has evolved rapidly with the advent of minimally invasive structural heart interventions. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has allowed patients to undergo definitive SAS treatment achieving faster recovery rates compared to valve surgery. Not infrequently, patients are admitted/diagnosed with SAS after a fall associated with a hip fracture (HFx). While urgent orthopedic surgery is key to reduce disability and mortality, untreated SAS increases the perioperative risk and precludes physical recovery. There is no consensus on what the best strategy is either hip correction under hemodynamic monitoring followed by valve replacement or preoperative balloon aortic …

Deep-Learning-Based Group Pointwise Spatial Mapping Of Structure To Function In Glaucoma, Zhiqi Chen, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Yao Wang, Gadi Wollstein, Joel Schuman

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: To establish generalizable pointwise spatial relationship between structure and function through occlusion analysis of a deep-learning (DL) model for predicting the visual field (VF) sensitivities from 3-dimensional (3D) OCT scan.

DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2151 eyes from 1129 patients.

METHODS: A DL model was trained to predict 52 VF sensitivities of 24-2 standard automated perimetry from 3D spectral-domain OCT images of the optic nerve head (ONH) with 12 915 OCT-VF pairs. Using occlusion analysis, the contribution of each individual cube covering a 240 × 240 × 31.25 μm region of the ONH to the model's …

Blood Flow Restriction Therapy: A Review Of Physiology, Clinical Application, And Guidelines For Implementation, Nathan Schuliger

Senior Honors Theses

Blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy is an emerging clinical modality utilizing the metabolic stress of a hypoxic state to induce hypertrophic and strength adaptations in a manner allowing for reduced external loading. BFR has a variety of applications in rehabilitation settings, showing great potential for patients seeking the benefits of high intensity training without the associated degrees of mechanical stress. This literature review details the proposed mechanisms of BFR, along with various clinical applications of BFR including active and aerobic BFR. Concerns and contraindications for BFR usage are discussed regarding certain clinical populations, with risk stratification recommendations provided. Current BFR …

Leveraging Ai And Machine Learning To Develop And Evaluate A Contextualized User-Friendly Cough Audio Classifier For Detecting Respiratory Diseases: Protocol For A Diagnostic Study In Rural Tanzania, Kahabi Isangula, Rogers John Haule

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background:

Respiratory diseases, including active tuberculosis (TB), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), constitute substantial global health challenges, necessitating timely and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment and management.

Objective:

This research seeks to develop and evaluate a noninvasive user-friendly artificial intelligence (AI)–powered cough audio classifier for detecting these respiratory conditions in rural Tanzania.

Methods:

This is a nonexperimental cross-sectional research with the primary objective of collection and analysis of cough sounds from patients with active TB, asthma, and COPD in outpatient clinics to generate and evaluate a noninvasive cough audio classifier. Specialized cough sound recording devices, designed to be …

A Comparison Of Health Outcomes In Bare-Metal Stenting Versus Drug-Eluting Stenting, Ryan Hill

Senior Theses

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an epidemic in the United States and around the world, with millions falling victim to CAD and other forms of heart disease annually. There are both many causes and many treatments to these aforementioned heart diseases. Some of these causes and comorbidities include the usual suspects: obesity, diabetes and smoking. However, the component I am more interested in is the multitude of different procedures and technologies that can serve to treat cases of CAD.

The inspiration for choosing the topic of CAD treatment for my senior thesis derives from my interest in the field of …

Motivations Behind The Rise And Success Of Homeopathy In India, Kavya Patchipulusu

Senior Theses

Homeopathy is a form of medicine that is incredibly controversial and is often labeled as a fraudulent, placebo effect drug, that can have potentially dangerous side effects. This is the picture that is painted of homeopathy in the United States and many other countries in which these medicines are banned in distribution or highly unregulated. In contrast, India has popularized and well-integrated homeopathy into their medical systems with government backing and consistent funding towards accredited homeopathic institutions and funding hospital systems. This paper will explore the circumstances and health care dynamics of India that allowed homeopathy to gain the level …

Decoding Implant-Related Sickness: Unraveling The Complexities Of Breast Implant Illness, Madison M. Stewart

Senior Theses

This thesis investigates the phenomenon of breast implant illness (BII), examining its potential correlation with individual factors such as obesity and poor lifestyle habits. BII, characterized by nonspecific symptoms, is often self-diagnosed by patients influenced by social media and internet sources, leading to requests for implant removal. Conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis, the study scrutinizes existing literature to evaluate the association between BII, obesity, and lifestyle choices. Employing inclusion criteria, peer-reviewed publications are analyzed through systematic review methodology to offer insights into the interplay between BII and adiposity, exploring inflammatory mechanisms and patient behaviors like exercise and smoking. The research aims …

Towards A Wearable Device For Measuring Impedance Plethysmography Of The Radial Artery, Pritom Chowdhury

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Recent advancements in bioimpedance technology have demonstrated significant promise in the application of cardiac health monitoring. This research explores the design and development of a forearm-based wearable bioimpedance device for non-invasive measurement of heart rate and respiratory rate at an accuracy level comparable to medical-grade monitors. It utilizes a tetrapolar electrode configuration to analyze bioimpedance changes in the radial artery due to blood flow.

An ongoing aspect of this work involves the preliminary development of an embedded framework intended to integrate signal generation, acquisition, and processing within the device to achieve compact and efficient system design, anticipated to contribute to …

A Guidebook For The Utility Of Msk Ultrasound In Occupational Therapy Practice: An Educational Guidebook Series, Alanna Arceneaux, Mary Ann Smith, Bert Lindsey

Spring 2024 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

Musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound is expanding to non-physician rehabilitation providers, and occupational therapy has a clear role in using and facilitating MSK ultrasound that will drastically shape treatment plans and client satisfaction. With increased knowledge of impeding factors, occupational therapists can enforce their role by teaching new skills and techniques to enhance functional mobility and simultaneously assist in completing activities of daily living (ADLs). This capstone aims to understand, develop, and enhance the role of occupational therapy in MSK ultrasound to increase early detection of orthopedic conditions impacting ADLs, which will decrease hospital readmission rates. MSK ultrasound is a safe imaging …

Percepciones De Las Tecnologías En Los Centros De Rehabilitación Y El Efecto En El Bienestar De Los Usuarios, Según Los Profesionales De La Salud En Arica, Chile, Liam Fleck

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Physical disability is a prominent problem throughout Chile, affecting 17% of the total population (Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia, 2022). In Chile, the health system has two main sectors: public and private. Each sector has different physical rehabilitation centers, which often have large differences in the resources available, such as medical technologies, which could possibly affect the quality of care their respective users receive. The objective of this study is to learn the perceptions of different medical professionals, such as kinesiologists, occupational therapists, and nurses, about the impact of these medical technologies and how it may affect their patients. …

Non-Thermal Plasma Reduces Hsv-1 Infection Of And Replication In Hacat Keratinocytes In Vitro, Julia Sutter, Jascha Brettschneider, Brian Wigdahl, Peter Bruggeman, Fred Krebs, Vandana Miller

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a lifelong pathogen characterized by asymptomatic latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), with periodic outbreaks of cold sores caused by virus reactivation in the TG and subsequent replication in the oral mucosa. While antiviral therapies can provide relief from cold sores, they are unable to eliminate HSV-1. We provide experimental results that highlight non-thermal plasma (NTP) as a new alternative therapy for HSV-1 infection that would resolve cold sores faster and reduce the establishment of latent infection in the TG. Additionally, this study is the first to explore the use of NTP …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Utilization Of Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Emri) In The Assessment Of Acute Uncomplicated Low Back Pain (Lbp) And The Subsequent Effect On Health Care Service Utilization And Patient Outcomes, Kimberly Radcliffe

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in MRI rates between Pre-COVID-19 period (Feb-April 2019) and COVID-19 period (Feb-April 2020) among commercially insured patients aged 18-60 with a diagnosis of acute LBP, and to analyze differences in patient characteristics and outcomes between the time periods. Additionally, to examine the impact of eMRI on patient outcomes and health care costs for patients in the COVID-19 period.

DESIGN/METHODS: Using IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Database (MarketScan) we performed a quantitative pre-post comparative retrospective observational study of 117,150 total patients to examine adjusted differences in patient characteristics and rates of MRIs between time periods. We analyzed 49,020 patients …

Update On The Role Of Muc13 In Pancreatic Cancer: A Promising Early Detection Biomarker, Anupam Dhasmana, Swati Dhasmana, Sheema Khan, Meena Jaggi, Murali M. Yallapu, Subhash C. Chauhan

Research Symposium

Background: With the rise in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) prevalence and mortality rate, by 2030 it will secure second position among leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Due to poor prognosis of PanCa only 11% of PanCa patients have a 5-year survival rate, resulting in an equal mortality rate and incidence rate. 85% of PanCa are Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The main clinical challenge with PanCa is poor treatment outcomes due the late diagnosis. Currently, there are traditional biomarkers panels available for diagnosis, however, these biomarkers do not have optimal sensitivity and specificity for PanCa. Considering this alarming unmet clinic need, our …

Nebulization Based Inhalation Nanomedicine For Lung Cancer Treatments, Rahul Tiwari, Meghana Kolli, Neeraj Chauhan, Eswara Naga Hanuma, Vivek Kashyap, Subhash Chauhan, Murali Yallapu

Research Symposium

Background: Lung cancer is reported to have a high incidence rate and first leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality across the world including in the United States. Noninvasive nebulized inhalation is a promising delivery strategy for lung, which can enhance the targeting efficiency and detention time interval of nanoparticles in the lung tissue, thus elevating the therapeutic index of therapeutic agent(s) at lower dosages. The aim of this study is to develop inhalable nanoparticles (INPs) for effective delivery of therapeutic agents in lung cancer cell lines and ex vivo models.

Methods: The inhalation nanoparticles (INPs) were prepared by solvent …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of The Passive Straight Leg Raise Test In Detecting Compression Of The Lower Lumbar Nerve Roots, Hisham Mohamed Hussein, Ehab Kamel, Mohamed Ragab, Ahmed Elerian

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Background: Lumbar nerve root compression is a pathological condition that occurs commonly in the low back pain population. Passive straight leg raise (SLR) is a clinical test widely used to confirm this pathological condition. Yet, its diagnostic accuracy needs further investigation. Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the passive SLR test in detecting compression of the lower lumbar nerve roots using magnetic resonance imaging as a reference standard. Design: This study is a prospective diagnostic-accuracy study. Methods: One hundred-and-twelve participants (82 males and 30 females) met the inclusion criteria and joined the study. Participants were recruited through direct …

If1 Promotes Cellular Proliferation And Inhibits Oxidative Phosphorylation In Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Under Normoxia And Hypoxia, Lothar Lauterboeck, Sung Wook Kang, Donnell White, Rong Bao, Parnia Mobasheran, Qinglin Yang

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 (IF1) is an inhibitory subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, playing a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial respiration and energetics. It is well-established that IF1 interacts with the F1 sector of ATP synthase to inhibit the reversal rotation and, thus, ATP hydrolysis. Recent evidence supports that IF1 also inhibits forward rotation or the ATP synthesis activity. Adding to the complexity, IF1 may also facilitate mitophagy and cristae formation. The implications of these complex actions of IF1 for cellular function remain obscure. In the present study, we found that IF1 expression was markedly upregulated in hypoxic …

The Association Between Robotic Lung Cancer Resection And Esophagectomy Outcomes: A Facility-Level Analysis, Micaela L. Collins, Gregory L. Whitehorn, Shale J. Mack, Brian M. Till, Hamza Rshaidat, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans Iii, Karen A. Chojnacki, Olugbenga T. Okusanya

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Background: Within the field of robotic thoracic surgery, the association between facility surgical volume, conversion rates, and patient outcomes across multiple procedures has not been explored. This study aims to examine the potential association between robotic lung cancer resection surgical volume and conversion rates for robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE). Methods: A retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database, between the years 2010–2018 was conducted. Facility-years were categorized into one of four groups based on a combination of robotic lung cancer resection surgical volume and RAMIE volumes. Cutoffs were based on previously identified surgical volume thresholds. Results: A total of …

Effects Of Core Stabilization Exercises In Patients With Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Huber Motion Lab Versus Conventional, Ebru Koyuncu, Nur Tunali, Seda Saka, Ertuğrul Ural, Melek Güneş Yavuzer

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effects of core stabilization exercises with Huber® Motion Lab on pain, depression, and activity levels in patients with non-specific low back pain (LBP).

Materials and methods: In this study, 30 patients with non-specific LBP were allocated either to an experimental or to a control group. Both groups received a conventional physiotherapy program for 15 sessions. In addition, the control group performed 30 minutes of core stabilization exercises on the floor, whereas the experimental group used the Huber® Motion Lab device. The main outcome measures were pain severity (Visual Analogue Scale VAS), depression (Beck …

Prevención Del Cáncer De Cuello Uterino, Mary Luz Monroy Rubiano, Claudia Viviana Jiménez Ángel, Sandra Patricia Urueña Carmona

Ciencias de la Salud

Este libro es una estrategia de promoción de la salud y prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino, desarrollada por los grupos de investigación SATTWA y TATAMASALUD. Basado en un proyecto realizado en Girardot, ofrece a las mujeres herramientas para identificar los aspectos clave del cáncer de cuello uterino, subraya la importancia del autocuidado y proporciona información básica para su prevención. Con estadísticas alarmantes sobre su prevalencia y mortalidad en Colombia, esta guía presenta información científica de manera accesible e ilustrada, permitiendo a las lectores compartir y difundir este conocimiento en sus comunidades. Unidas en una meta común, es posible reducir …

Single Dual-Specific Anti-Pd-L1/Tgf-Β Antibody Synergizes With Chemotherapy As Neoadjuvant Treatment For Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Preclinical Experimental Study, Haoxiang Zhang, Jiaoshun Chen, Jianwei Bai, Jing Zhang, Shaoyi Huang, Liang Zeng, Pengfei Zhou, Qiang Shen, Tao Yin

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

AIMS: Chemotherapy resistance is an important cause of neoadjuvant therapy failure in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). BiTP is a single antibody that can simultaneously and dually target transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). We attempted in this study to investigate the efficacy of BiTP in combination with first-line chemotherapy in PDAC. METHODS: Preclinical assessments of BiTP plus gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel were completed through a resectable KPC mouse model (C57BL/6J). Spectral flow cytometry, tissue section staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Counting Kit-8, transwell, and Western blot assays were used to investigate the synergistic effects. RESULTS: BiTP …

A Comparative Review Of Typical And Atypical Optic Neuritis: Advancements In Treatments, Diagnostics, And Prognosis, Noah J. Spillers, Patrick M. Luther, Norris C. Talbot, Evan J. Kidder, Connor A. Doyle, Salim C. Lutfallah, Alyssa G. Derouen, Sridhar Tirumala, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye, Giustino Varrassi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Optic neuritis (ON) is a debilitating condition that through various mechanisms, including inflammation or demyelination of the optic nerve, can result in partial or total permanent vision loss if left untreated. Accurate diagnosis and promptly initiated treatment are imperative related to the potential of permanent loss of vision if left untreated, which can lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life in affected patients. ON is subtyped as "typical" or "atypical" based on underlying causative etiology. The etiology of ON can be differentiated when appropriate diagnostic testing is performed. Using history taking, neuroimaging, and visual testing to localize …

Limonene Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect On Lps-Induced Jejunal Injury In Mice By Inhibiting Nf-Κb/Ap-1 Pathway, Sarmed H. Kathem, Yasameen Sh. Nasrawi, Shihab H. Mutlag, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human gastrointestinal system is a complex ecosystem crucial for well-being. During sepsis-induced gut injury, the integrity of the intestinal barrier can be compromised. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, disrupts the intestinal barrier, contributing to inflammation and various dysfunctions. The current study explores the protective effects of limonene, a natural compound with diverse biological properties, against LPS-induced jejunal injury in mice. Oral administration of limonene at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg was used in the LPS mouse model. The Murine Sepsis Score (MSS) was utilized to evaluate the severity of sepsis, while serum levels of urea and …

Close Contacts Of Xenograft Recipients: Ethical Considerations Due To Risk Of Xenozoonosis, Daniel J Hurst, Luz Padilla, Daniel Rodger, Tamar Schiff, David K C Cooper

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

With decades of pre-clinical studies culminating in the recent clinical application of xenotransplantation, it would appear timely to provide recommendations for operationalizing oversight of xenotransplantation clinical trials. Ethical issues with clinical xenotransplantation have been described for decades, largely centering on animal welfare, the risks posed to the recipient, and public health risks posed by potential spread of xenozoonosis. Much less attention has been given to considerations relating to potentially elevated risks faced by those who may care for or otherwise have close contact with xenograft recipients. This paper examines the ethical and logistical issues raised by the potential exposure to …

Measurement And Imaging Of Intra Matrix Igg Diffusion, Riya Debbarma, Antonio C. F. Dos Santos, Diana Milena Ramiez Gutierrez, Fernanda M. Da Cunha, Michael Ladisch

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Bovine IgG diffusion measurement by tracking the movement of the protein over time in an in-vitro matrix is motivated by the large number of protein/peptide therapeutics currently under various stages of development in the pharmaceutical industry. Many of these therapeutics are monoclonal antibodies (IgG type proteins) that are candidates for subcutaneous, intra-vitreous and intra-articular administration depending on the target of the therapeutic. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major constituent and determines the key attributes of the subcutaneous environment, vitreous humor of the eye and synovial fluid of the knee joint. HA exhibits varying molecular weight at these anatomic locations thereby …

Sepsis Treatment: Reinforced Sequential Decision-Making For Saving Lives, Dipesh Tamboli, Jiayu Chen, Kiran Pranesh Jotheeswaran, Denny Yu, Vaneet Aggarwal

Graduate Industrial Research Symposium

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by the body's exaggerated response to infection, demands urgent intervention to prevent severe complications. Existing machine learning methods for managing sepsis struggle in offline scenarios, exhibiting suboptimal performance with survival rates below 50%. Our project introduces the "PosNegDM: Reinforcement Learning with Positive and Negative Demonstrations for Sequential Decision-Making" framework utilizing an innovative transformer-based model and a feedback reinforcer to replicate expert actions while considering individual patient characteristics. A mortality classifier with 96.7% accuracy guides treatment decisions towards positive outcomes. The PosNegDM framework significantly improves patient survival, saving 97.39% of patients and outperforming established machine learning …