Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Shooting Pains: Addressing Illness-Related Pain Through Video Autobiography, Broderick Fox

Broderick Fox

No abstract provided.

The Value Of Critique And Distributive Analysis To Addressing The Needs Of Sex Workers In The Context Of Hiv: A Response To Libby Adler’S “Gay Rights And Lefts”, Aziza Ahmed

Aziza Ahmed

No abstract provided.

Depressive Symptoms In Extended-Care Employees: Children, Social Support, And Work-Family Conditions, Emily M. O’Donnell, Karen A. Ertel, Lisa F. Berkman,

Karen A. Ertel

To examine the relation between having a child aged 18 years and under in the home and employee depressive symptoms, we analyzed cross-sectional data from four extended care facilities in Boston, MA (n = 376 employees). Results show that having a child is associated with slightly higher depressive symptoms. The strength of this relationship in our models is attenuated with the inclusion of social support at home (β = 1.08 and β = 0.85, with and without support, respectively) and may differ by gender. We recommend that future research examine the role of parenting and social support in predicting employee …

A Study To Reduce Medication Administration Errors Using Watson’S Caring Theory, Tommie Nelms, Jackie Jones, Linda A. Treiber

Linda A. Treiber

Load Carriage And Its Force Impact, Robin Orr, Rodney Pope, Verenina Johnston, Julia Coyle

Rob Marc Orr

Extract:
Just as history records that military personnel have been carrying heavy loads for over two millennia (Orr, 2010), so too does it show their impact on military force sustainment and combat effectiveness. Around 800BC, the heavy loads carried by Assyrian soldiers reduced their mobility and led them to experiment continually with their shields in order to lighten their loads (Gabriel, 2002). Around 400BC, the long marches of Cyrus’ ‘infamous 10,000’, an army of Greek mercenaries accompanied by Xenophon, would have resulted in numerous stress fractures, torn ligaments, muscle damage, blisters and abrasions. While some of these injuries can be …

Medical Malpractice (Book Review), Robert B. Leflar

Robert B Leflar

This is a review of Medical Malpractice, by Frank Sloan and Lindsey Chepke. This superb book provides a balanced, comprehensive, factual overview of the structure, flaws, and merits of the U.S. legal system relating to malpractice; the causes of cyclical insurance pricing and availability difficulties; ameliorative initiatives both implemented and proposed; and the political considerations affecting the achievability of leading reform proposals. The authors' evidence-based stances will discommode many participants in the malpractice debate, physicians and trial lawyers alike. The book debunks widely-held "myths of medical malpractice" propounded by medical tort reformers. However, the authors also conclude that "no convincing …

Undergraduate Degree In Public Health Sciences, Bachelor In Science & 4 Plus 1 Bs/Mph, Daniel S. Gerber, Lynn Koerbel Mph

Daniel S. Gerber

No abstract provided.

Spleen As A Site For Hematopoiesis Of A Distinct Antigen Presenting Cell Type, Helen O'Neill, Kristin Griffiths, Pravin Periasamy, Rebecca Hinton, Ying-Ying Hey, Sawang Petvises, Jonathan Tan

Helen O'Neill

While spleen and other secondary tissue sites contribute to hematopoiesis, the nature of cells produced and the environment under which this happens are not fully defined. Evidence is reviewed here for hematopoiesis occurring in the spleen microenvironment leading to the production of tissue-specific antigen presenting cells. The novel dendritic-like cell identified in spleen is phenotypically and functionally distinct from other described antigen presenting cells. In order to identify these cells as distinct, it has been necessary to show that their lineage origin and progenitors differ from that of other known dendritic and myeloid cell types. The spleen therefore represents a …

Spleen As A Site For Hematopoiesis Of A Distinct Antigen Presenting Cell Type, Helen O'Neill, Kristin Griffiths, Pravin Periasamy, Rebecca Hinton, Ying-Ying Hey, Sawang Petvises, Jonathan Tan

Jonathan Tan

While spleen and other secondary tissue sites contribute to hematopoiesis, the nature of cells produced and the environment under which this happens are not fully defined. Evidence is reviewed here for hematopoiesis occurring in the spleen microenvironment leading to the production of tissue-specific antigen presenting cells. The novel dendritic-like cell identified in spleen is phenotypically and functionally distinct from other described antigen presenting cells. In order to identify these cells as distinct, it has been necessary to show that their lineage origin and progenitors differ from that of other known dendritic and myeloid cell types. The spleen therefore represents a …

History Of Botanical Use As Medicinals, Jody L. Vogelzang Phd, Rdn, Fand, Ches

Jody L Vogelzang PhD, RDN, FAND, CHES

Botanicals represent the first medicine used by man. Today the medicinal value of plant products is overshadowed by advances of biotechnology and the development of synthetic drugs. Reviving the use and acceptance of plants’ bioactive food components as partners in health is fast becoming a vanishing and potentially extinct body of knowledge. This paper provides a review of the historical use of plant medicinals and gives a perspective on ethnobotany and its future.

Review Of Teaching Information Literacy: 50 Standards-Based Exercises For College Students By Joanna M. Burkhardt, Sharon Leslie

Sharon Leslie

This is a review of Teaching Information Literacy: 50 Standards-Based Exercises for College Students by Joanna M. Burkhardt

Factors Related To Poor Practice Of Pap Smear Screening Among Secondary School Teachers In Malaysia, Tin Tin Su

Tin Tin Su

Introduction: The Pap smear test has been regarded as a promising cervical screening tool since 1940s. Yet its importance has been overlooked by beneficiaries in Malaysia. This underlines the need to identify the prevalence of Pap smear practice and influencing factors towards the practice among educated working women. Methods: A survey was conducted with 403 female teachers from 40 public secondary schools in Malaysia selected by cluster random sampling. Data were collected from January to March 2010 using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors related to the Pap smear practice. Results: The rate for …

Identification Of A Novel Antigen Cross-Presenting Cell In Spleen: A Counterpart To Cells Produced In Long-Term Culture, Jonathan Tan, Ben Quah, Kristin Griffiths, Pravin Periasamy, Yingying Hey, Helen O'Neill

Helen O'Neill

Antigen-presenting cells (APC), like dendritic cells (DC), are essential for T-cell activation, leading to immunity or tolerance. Multiple DC subsets each play a unique role in the immune response. Here, a novel splenic dendritic-like APC has been characterized in mice that has immune function and cell surface phenotype distinct from other, described DC subsets. These were identified as a cell type continuously produced in spleen long-term cultures (LTC) and have anin vivoequivalent cell type in mice, namely 'L-DC'. This study characterizes LTC-DC in terms of marker phenotype and function, and compares them with L-DC and other known splenic DC and …

Postpartum Screening For Diabetes Among Women With A History Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Lisa Chasan-Taber, A Tovar, E Eggleston, E Oken

Lisa Chasan-Taber

Introduction To make recommendations for future clinical, public health, and research practices for women with abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, we reviewed the latest evidence regarding rates of postpartum diabetes screening and types of screening tests. Methods We searched PubMed for journal articles published from January 2008 through December 2010 that reported on postpartum screening and studies designed to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Two authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts from 265 articles. Results From 34% to 73% of women with GDM completed postpartum glucose screening. Predictors of higher screening rates …

Crowdsourcing Your Diagnosis, Sharon Leslie

Sharon Leslie

No abstract provided.

Feasibility And Efficacy Of A Physical Activity Intervention Among Pregnant Women: The Behaviors Affecting Baby And You (B.A.B.Y.) Study, Lisa Chasan-Taber, Marushka Silveira, Bess H. Marcus, Barry Braun, Edward Stanek, Glenn Markenson

Lisa Chasan-Taber

Background: Physical activity during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the majority of pregnant women are inactive and interventions designed to increase exercise during pregnancy are sparse. We evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an exercise intervention among a diverse sample of pregnant women. Methods: The B.A.B.Y. (Behaviors Affecting Baby and You) Study is conducted at a large tertiary care facility in Western Massachusetts. We randomized 110 prenatal care patients (60% Hispanic) to an individually tailored 12-week exercise intervention arm (n = 58) or to a health and wellness control arm (n …

Predicting Adolescents’ Future Intentions To Seek Help For Mental Health Problems., Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

This study examined whether high school students’ current symptoms of general psychological distress, self-rated social problem-solving skills, and recent help-seeking experiences predict their future intentions to seek help for a mental health problem. At Time 1, 98 high school students, aged 12-17 years, completed the study self-report survey that included measures of psychological distress, social problem-solving skill, and recent help-seeking behaviour. At Time 2, three weeks later, the same students completed measures of help-seeking intentions. Students with more severe levels of distress symptoms at Time 1 had lower intentions to seek help for a mental health problem at Time 2. …

White College Students' Explanations Of White (And Black) Athletic Performance: A Qualitative Investigation Of White College Students, Harrison

Dr. C. Keith Harrison

No abstract provided.

Identification Of A Novel Antigen Cross-Presenting Cell In Spleen: A Counterpart To Cells Produced In Long-Term Culture, Jonathan Tan, Ben Quah, Kristin Griffiths, Pravin Periasamy, Yingying Hey, Helen O'Neill

Jonathan Tan

Antigen-presenting cells (APC), like dendritic cells (DC), are essential for T-cell activation, leading to immunity or tolerance. Multiple DC subsets each play a unique role in the immune response. Here, a novel splenic dendritic-like APC has been characterized in mice that has immune function and cell surface phenotype distinct from other, described DC subsets. These were identified as a cell type continuously produced in spleen long-term cultures (LTC) and have anin vivoequivalent cell type in mice, namely 'L-DC'. This study characterizes LTC-DC in terms of marker phenotype and function, and compares them with L-DC and other known splenic DC and …

A Conceptual Model Of Academic Success For Student-Athletes, Keith Harrison

Dr. C. Keith Harrison

Concern over the academic talent development of Division I student–athletes has led to increased research to explain variations in their academic performance. Although a substantial amount of attention has been given to the relationship between student–athletes and their levels of academic success, there remain critical theoretical and analytical gaps. The purpose of this article is to develop a conceptual model to understand and explain the cumulative processes and characteristics—as a whole and in stages—that influence academic success for Division I student–athletes. Research on student–athletes and academic success is reviewed and synthesized to provide a rationale for the basic elements of …

Cognitive Processes In Object-Oriented Requirements Engineering Practice: Analogical Reasoning And Mental Modelling, Linda Dawson

Associate Professor Linda Dawson

This paper presents a background in cognitive processes such as problem solving and analogical reasoning for considering modeling from an object-oriented perspective within the domain of requirements engineering. The paper then describes a research project and the findings from a set of four cases which examine professional practice from perspective of cognitive modeling for object-oriented requirements engineering. In these studies, it was found that the analysts routinely built models in their minds and refined them before committing them to paper or communicating these models to others. The studies also showed that objectoriented analysts depend on analogical reasoning where they use …

Akt1 G205t Genotype Influences Obesity-Related Metabolic Phenotypes And Their Responses To Aerobic Exercise Training In Older Caucasians, Jennifer A. Mckenzie, Sarah Witkowski, Andrew T. Ludlow, Stephen M. Roth, James M. Hagberg

Sarah Witkowski

As part of the insulin signalling pathway, Akt influences growth and metabolism. The AKT1 gene G205T (rs1130214) polymorphism has potential functional effects. Thus, we determined whether the G205T polymorphism influences metabolic variables and their responses to aerobic exercise training. Following dietary stabilization, healthy, sedentary, 50- to 75-year-old Caucasian men (n= 51) and women (n= 58) underwent 6 months of aerobic exercise training. Before and after completing the intervention, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure percentage body fat, computed tomography to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat, and oral glucose tolerance testing to measure glucose total area under the curve (AUC), …

Realignment And Multiple Imputation Of Longitudinal Data: An Application To Menstrual Cycle Data, Sunni L. Mumford, Enrique F. Schisterman, Audrey J. Gaskinsa, Anna Z. Pollack, Neil J. Perkins, Brian W. Whitcomb, Aijun Ye, Jean Wactawski-Wende

Brian W. Whitcomb

Reproductive hormone levels are highly variable among premenopausal women during the menstrual cycle. Accurate timing of hormone measurement is essential, especially when investigating day- or phase-specific effects. The BioCycle Study used daily urine home fertility monitors to help detect the luteinising hormone (LH) surge in order to schedule visits with biologically relevant windows of hormonal variability. However, as the LH surge is brief and cycles vary in length, relevant hormonal changes may not align with scheduled visits even when fertility monitors are used. Using monitor data, measurements were reclassified according to biological phase of the menstrual cycle to more accurate …

Cloning And The Lgbti Family: Cautious Optimism, Erez Aloni

Erez Aloni

While fertile, opposite-sex couples can have children who carry a mix of their genes without involving third parties in the reproductive process, this option is not available to the majority of the LGBTI community. If this were simply a biological fact, it would not raise any equal protection or other constitutional issues. However, emerging technologies in the field of reproductive cloning may offer the LGBTI community the chance to have genetically related children—possibly even with a mix of both partners’ genes. As such, bans on federally funding research that would help to refine and ensure the safety and efficacy of …

Contractile And Elastic Ankle Joint Muscular Properties In Young And Older Adults, Christopher J. Hasson, Ross H. Miller, Graham E. Caldwell

Graham E. Caldwell

The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in contractile and elastic properties of both dorsi- (DF) and plantarflexor (PF) muscles controlling the ankle joint in young and older adults. Experimental data were collected while twelve young and twelve older male and female participants performed maximal effort isometric and isovelocity contractions on a dynamometer. Equations were fit to the data to give torque-angle (Th) and torque-angular velocity (Tv) relations. Muscle series-elasticity was measured during ramped dynamometer contractions using ultrasonography to measure aponeurosis extension as a function of torque; second order polynomials were used to characterize the torqueextension (TDL) …

Seizure Protection By Intrapulmonary Delivery Of Propofol Hemisuccinate, Ashish Dhir, Dorota Zolkowska, Randall B. Murphy, Michael A. Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

The lung provides a portal of entry for drug delivery that could be used to administer anticonvulsant substances to prevent or abort seizures. Here we demonstrate that intrapulmonary propofol hemisucinate (PHS) rapidly confers seizure protection in various rodent chemoconvulsant models. Propofol is a powerful anticonvulsant substance at subanesthetic doses but it is a viscous, water-immiscible oil that is not suitable for intrapulmonary administration. We found that PHS can be formulated as an aqueous solution that is well tolerated when instilled into the lung. High dose intraperitoneal PHS induced loss-of-righting reflex in rats and mice. The onset of action of PHS …

Feminism, Power, And Sex Work In The Context Of Hiv/Aids: Consequences For Women's Health, Aziza Ahmed

Aziza Ahmed

No abstract provided.

Early Access And Help Seeking: Practice Implications And New Initiatives., Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

Seeking appropriate help for early signs and symptoms of psychological distress can reduce the long-term impact of many mental disorders. This article describes practice implications and new initiatives for promoting early access and help-seeking among young people. Relevant help-seeking research is reviewed, and prominent help-seeking barriers are discussed. Prominent barriers for young people include: incomplete mental health and emotional literacy, beliefs about having little need for help versus having a need for autonomy, and the process of help-negation for different symptoms of psychological distress. To improve early access to appropriate help and mental health services, barriers that can be reduced, …

Caffeinated Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee And Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study Among U.S. Postmenopausal Women, Ayush Giri, Susan R. Sturgeon, Nicole Luisi, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Raji Balasubramanian, Katherine W. Reeves

Raji Balasubramanian

There is plausible biological evidence as well as epidemiologic evidence to suggest coffee consumption may lower endometrial cancer risk. We evaluated the associations between self-reported total coffee, caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee, and endometrial cancer risk using the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study Research Materials obtained from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Biological Specimen and Data Repository Coordinating Center. Our primary analyses included 45,696 women and 427 incident endometrial cancer cases, diagnosed over a total of 342,927 person-years of follow-up. We used Cox-proportional hazard models to evaluate coffee consumption and endometrial cancer risk. Overall, we did not find …

Cattle, Livelihoods, And Coping With Food Insecurity In The Context Of Drought And Hiv/Aids In Rural Zimbabwe, John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.