Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Quality Of Life And Peak Oxygen Consumption In Patients With Congestive Heart Failure, Chen-Liang Chou, Chia-Ling Chang, Chantelle Wu, Su-Ying Hung, Shun-Ping Chen, Tcho-Jen Liu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Although the physical consequences of congestive heart failure are well known, its effects on patient well-being, severity of exercise intolerance, and quality of life are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of physical fitness (as measured by O2 peak), quality of life (as measured with the WHOQOL-BREF in Taiwan), and severity of left ventricle dysfunction (as measured by left ventricle ejection fraction) in patients with congestive heart failure.Twenty patients were enrolled in this study, but only 11 had completed the ”WHOQOL-BREF”. We used the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS14.0) for statistical analysis. The …

Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy In Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study, Hsuan-Ju Lin, Ching-Yi Wu, Chia-Ling Chen

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) usually exhibit motor deficits and limited daily activities. Studies in recent years indicated that constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) might improve motor performance in CP patients. Combining kinematic analysis with clinical assessments, this study investigated the effect of modified CIMT (mCIMT) in four children with spastic CP immediately and one month after treatment. During the 3-week intervention, subjects underwent task-related training using the affected hand with restraint of the unaffected hand.The experimental results revealed significant improvements of the affected hand in use frequency, movement quality, grasping pattern, and bimanual coordination, both immediately and one month …

Is Electrical Stimulation A Predictive Tool For Autonomic Dysfunction In Males With Diabetes?, Susan Dorothy Rand

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine whether electrical stimulation can be used as a predictive tool to assess autonomic dysfunction in males with diabetes. The study was designed to better understand the extent of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in the diabetic population.

Controls and patients with diabetes were recruited from the community at large and the Loma Linda University Diabetes Treatment Center and were managed by a physician. Twelve (12) people with diabetes and thirteen (13) control subjects participated. Mean age (years) for people with diabetes was 52.4 +/- 6.1 and 47.2 +/-11.1 for controls (p =0.05). …

Effects Of Voluntary Breathing On Force Responses To Electrical Stimulation (Es) Of Finger Extensors : A Pilot Study, Shang Li, W. H. Park, Elizabeth Ikeda, Charles Leonard

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Faculty Publications

Voluntary breathing can influence motor functions of non-respiratory skeletal muscles, e.g., finger muscles. The influence was proposed to be mediated by the ventilation-associated enhancement on corticospinal excitability of the finger muscles, possibly including spinal mechanisms. Force responses to electrical stimulation include spinal mechanisms. The purpose was to investigate the potential spinal mechanism mediating the voluntary breathing effects on responses of finger extension forces to electrical stimulation. A single-pulse electrical stimulation of the same intensity was delivered to the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) during voluntary breathing (forced inspiration, IN and force expiration, OUT) and normal breathing (Norm) across various submaximal levels …

Developing "Human Functioning And Rehabilitation Research" From The Comprehensive Perspective., Gerold Stucki, Jan Dietrich Reinhardt, Gunnar Grimby, John Melvin

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty Papers

With the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) the World Health Organization (WHO) has prepared the ground for a comprehensive understanding of Human Functioning and Rehabilitation Research, integrating the biomedical perspective on impairment with the social model of disability. This poses a number of old and new challenges regarding the enhancement of adequate research capacity. Here we will summarize approaches to address these challenges with respect to 3 areas: the organization of Human Functioning and Rehabilitation Research into distinct scientific fields, the development of suitable academic training programmes and the building of university centres and collaboration networks.

Reference Group Data For The Functional Gait Assessment, Martha L. Walker, Alvis G. Austin, Gina M. Banke, Suzanne R. Foxx, Lynn Gaetano, Laurie A. Gardner, Jill Mcelhiney, Kisiah Morris, Liz Penn

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose: The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a clinical tool for evaluating performance in walking. The purpose of this study was to determine age-referenced norms for performance on the FGA in community-living older adults.

Subjects: Subjects were 200 adults, ages 40 to 89 years, living independently.

Methods: Each subject completed the FGA one time and was scored simultaneously by 2 testers.

Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient for interrater reliability was .93. Mean scores for the FGA ranged from 29/30 for adults in their 40s to 21/30 for adults in their 80s.

Discussion and Conclusion: Patient performance on the …

Use Of Psychometric Assessment To Identify Fall Risk In Seniors At Home, Kitsum Li

Kitsum Li

Using Art In Occupational Therapy With People Who Have Cancer: A Qualitative Case Study, Jennifer R. Dochod

Masters Theses

OBJECTIVE. To explore the role of art, with a small group of people who have cancer, as a means provide distraction from pain, to help express feelings, and to assist in making connections with others.

METHOD. Using a randomized sample from Gilda’s Club, a support center for those with cancer, in-house social workers recruited two participants to take part in a small group case study conducted by a master’s level occupational therapy student.

RESULTS. Two participants enrolled in the art class conducted by the researcher. Predetermined questions gathered through participant interviews and class discussions provided the data. Although the participant …

Assistive Technology Enhancement Of Written Expression For Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Laura Greiss Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood, Susan Harris

Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship

This study involves the use of computer software to assess the use of assistive technology (AT) in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. We will present an update of the subjects in the study, including research issues, subject diagnoses and diagnostic trends as assessed through baseline and follow-up testing.

Assistive Technology Enhancement Of Written Expression For Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders [Poster], Laura Greiss Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood, Susan Harris

Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship

The purpose of this project is to carry out an intensive training program in subjects with a broad range of neurodevelopmental disabilities to assess the efficacy of assistive technology (AT) intervention.

Cec: Clinical Exchange Corner, Mary Lloyd Moore, Laura Reynolds

CEC Publications

No abstract provided.

Mechanisms Of Fatigue Differ After Low- And High-Force Fatiguing Contractions In Men And Women, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie A. Schlinder-Delap, Erin E. Griffith, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

The magnitude of failure in voluntary drive after fatiguing contractions of different intensities in men and women is not known. The purpose of this study was to compare the time to task failure and voluntary activation of men and women for a sustained isometric contraction performed at a low and high intensity with the elbow flexor muscles. Nine men and nine women sustained an isometric contraction at 20% and 80% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force until task failure during separate sessions. The men had a shorter time to failure than women for the 20% but not the 80% MVC …

The Realization Of The Rights To Health, Education And Social Welfare Among Disabled Youth In Ingwavuma And Bhambanana, Kwazulu Natal, Ali Mumford

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This practicum based study was completed in an effort to explore the realization of the rights to health, education and social welfare for disabled children in Ingwavuma and Bhambana, KwaZulu Natal. Very little research has been done on disabled children in South Africa, and estimations of prevalence range from 3.3-6.4%. The absence of accurate data creates a situation where implementation of policy and delivery of services is slow and does not always address the most urgent needs. The new South Africa aimed to bring rights and freedom to all groups of people, but the question which this study attempts to …

Age-Related Changes In Strength And Somato-Sensation During Mid-Life Support Rationale For Targeted Preventive Intervention Programs, Nancy Low Choy, Sandra Brauer, Jennifer Nitz

Nancy Low Choy

Age-related changes in strength and somatosensation have a negative impact on balance with advanced age. Knowledge of the decades of life when strength and somatosensation show initial and subsequent reductions could inform balance assessment and targeted preventive intervention. We report a cross-sectional study investigating strength and somatosensation of 316 healthy women aged 20–80 years. Demographics, health profile, and activity level were recorded. Strength of quadriceps, hip abductors and adductors, and lower limb somatosensation (tactile acuity, vibration threshold, and joint position error) were measured. Significant age-related changes in strength and somatosensory function were identified, even when demographic variables of activity level, …

Understanding Ayres' Sensory Integration, Susanne Smith Roley, Zoe Mailloux, Heather Miller-Kuhaneck, Tara J. Glennon

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications

Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants rely on knowledge and skills to guide their intervention planning as they help clients who are experiencing difficulties with engaging in occupation. Sensory integration theory, with its rich history grounded in the science of human growth and development, offers occupational therapy practitioners specific intervention strategies to remediate the underlying sensory issues that affect functional performance.

This article articulates the core principles of sensory integration as originally developed by Dr. A. Jean Ayres, explains the rationale for developing a trademark specifically linked to these core principles, and identifies the impact that this trademark can have …

An Exploratory Survey Of Occupational Therapists' Role In Hippotherapy, Cristina Cerquozzi, Ericka Cerquozzi, Amy Darragh, Heather Miller-Kuhaneck

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications

The term hippotherapy is derived from the Greek word for horse, or hippos. The American Hippotherapy Association (2007) defines hippotherapy as an occupational, physical, or speech therapy intervention strategy, using the movements of a horse, used as part of an intervention program to facilitate functional gain. In hippotherapy, therapists use the movements of the horse as a vehicle for improving clients' functional limitations. Hippotherapy is an intervention method mentioned in the occupational therapy literature more than 20 years ago (Engel, 1984) that has received minimal research attention within our field. Little is known about the role of occupational therapists in …

Acute Reperfusion Therapy In St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction From 1994-2003, Brahmajee K. Nallamouthu, Martha E. Blaney, Susan M. Morris, Lori Parsons, Dave P. Miller, John G. Canto, Hal V. Barron, Harlan M. Krumholz

Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Background—Appropriate utilization of acute reperfusion therapy is not a national performance measure for ST-elevation myocardial infarction at this time, and the extent of its contemporary use among ideal patients is unknown.

Methods—From the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction, we identified 238,291 patients enrolled from June 1994 to May 2003 who were ideally suited for acute reperfusion therapy with fibrinolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention. We determined rates of not receiving therapy across 3 time periods (June 1994–May 1997, June 1997–May 2000, June 2000– May 2003) and evaluated factors associated with underutilization.

Results—The proportion of ideal patients …

Physiological Effects Of Vibration In Select Populations, Colleen S. Maloney-Hinds

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently, researchers have demonstrated that Whole Body Vibration results in significant increases in skin blood flow. No study has determined if there is an optimal frequency or duration for optimizing this response. In addition, there is no known mechanism for the increase in skin blood flow. It is hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for the increase in skin blood flow due to its ability to vasodilate the smooth muscle in response to shear stress. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the optimal frequency and duration of vibration and determine if NO is the mechanism for …

Assitive Technology, Laura Greiss Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood, Susan Harris

Laura Greiss Hess

Intervention To Enhance Skilled Arm And Hand Movements After Stroke: A Feasibility Study Using A New Virtual Reality System, Jill Campbell Stewart Pt,Phd, Shih-Ching Yeh, Younbo Jung, Hyunjin Yoon

Faculty Publications

Background: Rehabilitation programs designed to develop skill in upper extremity (UE) function after stroke require progressive practice that engage and challenge the learner. Virtual realty (VR) provides a unique environment where the presentation of stimuli can be controlled systematically for optimal challenge by adapting task difficulty as performance improves. We describe four VR tasks that were developed and tested to improve arm and hand movement skills for individuals with hemiparesis. Methods: Two participants with chronic post-stroke paresis and different levels of motor severity attended 12 training sessions lasting 1 to 2 hours each over a 3-week period. Behavior measures and …

The Physiological Consequences Of Bed Rest, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Daniel G. Drury

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Bed rest often is used to treat a wide variety of medical conditions. However, bed rest results in profound deconditioning of the body. Bed rest reduces the hydrostatic pressure gradient within the cardiovascular system, reduces muscle force production, virtually eliminates compression on the bones, and lowers total energy expenditure. This review focuses on the deconditioning that occurs in the cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal systems following bed rest. Reduction in plasma volume reduces cardiac preload, stroke volume, cardiac output, and ultimately, maximal oxygen consumption. Skeletal muscle volume, muscle cross sectional area, and fiber cross sectional area decrease, which results in diminished …

Collective Creativity: Ideas For The Super Library Organism, Lisa Forrest, Dennis Reed

Lisa A Forrest

No abstract provided.

Bactericidal And Cytotoxic Effects Of Chloramine-T On Wound Pathogens And Human Fibroblasts In Vitro, Luther C. Kloth, Joseph E. Berman, Linda Jean Laatsch-Lybeck, Phyllis A. Kirchner

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cytotoxicity and bactericidal effects of chloramine-T.

METHODS: In vitro study of various concentrations and exposure times to preparations containing human fibroblasts or 1.5 x 10⁸ colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of 3 gram-positive bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis-and 2 gram-negative bacteria-Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-with and without fetal bovine serum present.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage reduction of bacterial growth and percentage of viable fibroblasts 48 hours after exposure.

RESULTS: All gram-positive growth was reduced by 95% to 100%, regardless of dose, with or without serum. …

Concept Mapping 101, Heather Miller-Kuhaneck, Joanne M. Bortone, Lenore Frost

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications

Concept maps are visual depictions of information, generally in diagram form, that are used to enhance and document learning (Novak, 1990; Whiteley, 2005). As a learning tool, concept maps have been used for many years in the fields of education and nursing (Novak, 1990; Schuster, 2002). The methods and uses of concept mapping have evolved in the areas of academic education, clinical education, and research since the 1970s (All & Havens, 1997; Novak, 1990; Schuster, 2002; Whiteley, 2005). This article discusses the use of concept mapping in occupational therapy education.

A Qualitative Study Of Inpatient Rehabilitation Client Perceptions Of The Semi-Fixed Environment, Liane Hewitt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background and Purpose. Literature supports the importance of the environment on promoting or compromising health. However, little is known about how the semi-fixed environment affects client perceptions and recovery from a debilitating condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate beliefs about control within the semi-fixed environment and client perceptions of the rehabilitation process.

Design and Method. This study utilized a basic qualitative research design with 10 rehabilitation clients whose average inpatient length of stay was 14 days. Data were collected in two phases. Phase I included two inpatient visits involving semi-structured interviews on the rehabilitation process and …

Assistive Technology And The Iep, Laura Greiss Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood

Laura Greiss Hess

Co-Localization Of P-Creb And P-Nr1 In Spinothalamic Neurons In A Chronic Muscle Pain Model, Marie K. Hoeger Bement, Kathleen A. Sluka

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Activation of the cAMP pathway is an important mediator of chronic muscle pain. This study examined phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response-element-binding protein (p-CREB) and the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (p-NR1) in the spinal cord. Bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia of the paw was induced by administering two injections of acidic saline, 5 days apart, into the gastrocnemius muscle of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The proportion of spinothalamic neurons that expressed p-NR1 or p-CREB did not change in the dorsal horn 24 h after the second intramuscular acid injection compared with animals that received pH 7.2 injections. This lack of change …

Antibacterial Activity Of Positive And Negative Polarity Low-Voltage Pulsed Current (Lvpc) On Six Typical Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Of Chronic Wounds, Georg Daeschlein, Ojan Assadian, Luther C. Kloth, Christina Meinl, Frank Ney, Axel Kramer

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

The positive effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on wound healing has been shown in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of increased blood flow, protein denaturation, and stimulation of cellular defense, an antibacterial effect of ES is to be expected. Although the antibacterial effect of ES already has been demonstrated in vitro, little attention has been paid to the direct antibacterial effect of changing polarity of the applied current. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of positive and negative monophasic low-voltage pulsed current on typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens of chronic wounds. Using the …

Occupations, Habits And Routines: A Case Study Of An African-American Woman, Michelle Leigh Velting

Masters Theses

Obesity is a growing problem in the United States. African-American women make up a large portion of the obese population in the United States, however, the treatment techniques available have had limited success with this group. Although many health professionals are involved with the treatment of obesity, literature involving the value of occupational therapy with this population is limited. This mixed-methods case study identified the daily occupations, habits, and routines of a middle-class obese African-American woman. The participant was selected via a health care professional in the area of Grand Rapids, MI. The Occupational Questionnaire (OQ), Model of Human Occupation …

A Case Study Of School Age Female Minority Athletes Who Became Pregnant, Floyd Jones Phd, Jennifer Y. Mak, Phyllis A. Jones Ed

Management Faculty Research

The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding of ''What had happened to the urban minority female athletes who became pregnant while playing high school basketball?'' The study wanted to provide a qualitative analysis of rich narrative data collected from questionnaire interviews of two separate groups (one in Pittsburgh, the other in New York City). The findings of this study suggest that in fact urban female African-Americans athletes still received benefits from sports participation.