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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning As A Function Of The Interstimulus Interval, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres
One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning As A Function Of The Interstimulus Interval, Rick A. Bevins, John J. B. Ayres
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In two experiments, we examined the effects of a wide range of interstimulus intervals (2.5, 15, 45, 120, 135, and 405 sec) on one-trial context fear conditioning with rats. Here, the interstimulus interval (ISI) denotes the time between placement in a conditioning chamber and the onset of a single footshock. On the conditioning day, we observed that the rats’ behavior at the time of shock onset varied systematically across ISI values. On the subsequent test day, we used context-evoked freezing as a measure of context conditioning and found the well-known inverted U-shaped ISI function. We also found that conditioned freezing …
The Impact Of Humor On Energy, Tension, Task Choices, And Attributions: Exploring Hypotheses From Toughness Theory, Richard A. Dienstbier
The Impact Of Humor On Energy, Tension, Task Choices, And Attributions: Exploring Hypotheses From Toughness Theory, Richard A. Dienstbier
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Hypotheses derived from toughness theory suggest that nonaggressive humor should lead to increased feelings of energy without influencing tension, to preferences for studying materials that require more effort and energy, and to ratings of mundane laboratory activities as more challenging but not more threatening. Eighty-one college-age men and women were randomly assigned to watch a 12-minute video of Bill Cosby's humor or to watch a nonhumorous control video that analyzed the Cosby comedy routine. The humor condition resulted in significant increases in feelings of energy but not in feelings of tension. The other hypotheses were also confirmed except that performance …
Cervical Cancer: Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type Ii A Cofactor?, Clinton J. Jones
Cervical Cancer: Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type Ii A Cofactor?, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Approximately 1.6% of all women will develop cancer of the cervix during their lifetime (4). Cervical cancer is the second leading type of cancer in women and accounts for approximately one-sixth of all cancer deaths in females. In many ways, cervical cancer behaves as a sexually transmitted disease. The major risk factors associated with cervical cancer are the early onset of sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and/or sexual contact with promiscuous partners (66, 94). The disease is composed of several pathological stages ranging from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to invasive squamous carcinoma. Substantial evidence suggests that CIN is a precursor …
Phage Infection, Transfection And Transformation Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ellen M. Foley-Thomas, Diane L. Whipple, Luiz M. Bermudez, Raul G. Barletta
Phage Infection, Transfection And Transformation Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis, Ellen M. Foley-Thomas, Diane L. Whipple, Luiz M. Bermudez, Raul G. Barletta
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Mycobacterium avium complex strains and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis are closely related intracellular pathogens affecting humans and animals. M. avium complex infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, and M. paratuberculosis is the agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. Genetic manipulation of these micro-organisms would facilitate the understanding of their pathogenesis, the construction of attenuated vaccine strains and the development of new drugs and treatment methods. This paper describes the replication of mycobacterial shuttle phasmids and plasmids, and the expression of the firefly luciferase reporter gene in M. avium complex and M. paratuberculosis. The mycobacteriophage TM4 …
Identification Of Gene Products Encoded By The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Ashfaque Hossain, L. M. Schang, Clinton J. Jones
Identification Of Gene Products Encoded By The Latency-Related Gene Of Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Ashfaque Hossain, L. M. Schang, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of infected animals. Expression of latency-related (LR) gene products is controlled by a 980-bp fragment (LR promoter). DNA sequence analysis revealed that two major open reading frames (ORFs) are in the LR gene. Antibodies directed against both ORFs were generated in rabbits by using synthetic peptides. Antibody P2, which is directed to sequences near the amino terminus of ORF 2, recognized a 41-kDa protein in lytically infected cells, suggesting that ORF 2 encodes a protein. When the LR gene was inserted into a mammalian expression vector and subsequently …
EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia Coli O157:H7 Requires Intimin To Colonize The Gnotobiotic Pig Intestine And To Adhere To Hep-2 Cells, Marian L. Mckee, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Alison D. O'Brien
EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia Coli O157:H7 Requires Intimin To Colonize The Gnotobiotic Pig Intestine And To Adhere To Hep-2 Cells, Marian L. Mckee, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Alison D. O'Brien
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
In a previous study, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 with a deletion and insertion in the eaeA gene encoding intimin was used to establish that intimin is required for the organism to attach to and efface microvilli in the piglet intestine (M. S. Donnenberg, S. Tzipori, M. L. McKee, A. D. O’Brien, J. Alroy, and J. B. Kaper, J. Clin. Invest. 92:1418–1424, 1993). However, in the same investigation, a role for intimin in EHEC adherence to HEp-2 cells could not be definitively demonstrated. To analyze the basis for this discrepancy, we constructed an in-frame deletion of eaeA and compared the …
Pathways Through Adolescence: An Overview, Lisa J. Crockett, Ann C. Crouter
Pathways Through Adolescence: An Overview, Lisa J. Crockett, Ann C. Crouter
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Given the connection between adolescent behavior and future well-being, it is important to understand the choices that adolescents make and how patterns of behavior evolve and are maintained during this period. The premise of this volume is that we can describe the behavior patterns young people develop in adolescence, and piece together the decisions that shape their paths through adolescence and into adulthood. Moreover, we can begin to identify the dynamic processes that affect adolescents7 life choices, the emergence of behavior patterns, and the development of lifestyles. This volume seeks to address three questions. How can developmental pathways in adolescence …
"Preface" To Pathways Through Adolescence: Individual Development In Relation To Social Contexts, Lisa J. Crockett, Ann C. Crouter
"Preface" To Pathways Through Adolescence: Individual Development In Relation To Social Contexts, Lisa J. Crockett, Ann C. Crouter
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The choices that adolescents make about peer relations, risky behavior, investment in school, and income-producing activities set the stage for subsequent development in later adolescence and into adulthood. Moreover, at the aggregate level, these choices have tremendous implications for the quality of life in such key social contexts as families, schools, neighborhoods, and communities. Thus, the pathways that young people follow through adolescence and beyond affect us all. Adolescents' choices, however, are not made in a vacuum; these social contexts provide opportunities--or obstacles--that influence the probability that adolescents will choose certain pathways and not others. Therefore, understanding these critical choices, …
Developmental Paths In Adolescence: Commentary, Lisa J. Crockett
Developmental Paths In Adolescence: Commentary, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Much remains to be done to illuminate the processes shaping adolescents' developmental paths. Influences affecting adolescents' day-to-day behavior, as well as their decisions at specific turning points, need to be elucidated. The reciprocal influences operating between adolescent and environment, and the fact that selection processes (both passive and active) are likely to increase the correlation between individual and environmental characteristics, further complicate the task of disentangling causal processes. Furthermore, understanding adolescents' developmental pathways requires more than identifying the dynamic processes in operation at key turning points and in the settings the person enters subsequently. It requires examining the chain of …
Heterozygosity Mapping Of Partially Congenic Lines: Mapping Of A Semidominant Neurological Mutation, Wheels ( Whl), On Mouse Chromosome 4, Patrick M. Nolan, Patricia J. Sollars, Barbara A. Bohne, Warren J. Ewens, Gary E. Pickard, Maja Bucan
Heterozygosity Mapping Of Partially Congenic Lines: Mapping Of A Semidominant Neurological Mutation, Wheels ( Whl), On Mouse Chromosome 4, Patrick M. Nolan, Patricia J. Sollars, Barbara A. Bohne, Warren J. Ewens, Gary E. Pickard, Maja Bucan
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
We identified a semidominant, chemically induced, mouse use mutation with a complex array of abnormal behaviors including bidirectional circling and hyperactivity, abnormal circadian rhythmicity and abnormal responses to light. In this report, we genetically and phenotypically characterized the circling/ waltzing component of the abnormal behavior. We mapped the locus controlling this trait by heterozygosity mapping of partially congenic lines carrying the mutagenized chromosome outcrossed to different inbred strains for three generations. Analysis of 68 PCR-based markers in 13 affected individuals indicated that the mutant locus, named Wheels (Whl), resides in the subcentromeric portion of mouse chromosome 4. The …
Learning Lessons From Sunk Costs, Brian H. Bornstein, Gretchin B. Chapman
Learning Lessons From Sunk Costs, Brian H. Bornstein, Gretchin B. Chapman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Study participants rated the quality of several arguments for continuing an original plan in sunk cost situations in order to (a) avoid wasting resources, (b) learn to make better decisions, (c) punish poor decision making, and (d) appear consistent. The lesson-learning argument was perceived as most appropriate when adult teachers taught lessons to others, the original decision was carelessly made, or if it consumed comparatively more resources. Ratings of the lesson-learning argument were higher for teacher-learner than for adult-alone situations, regardless of whether the learner was a child or an adult. The implications for improving decision making and judging whether …
The Relationship Between Homophobia, Peer Counseling Effectiveness, And Peer Counseling Self-Confidence, Marc T. Kiviniemi
The Relationship Between Homophobia, Peer Counseling Effectiveness, And Peer Counseling Self-Confidence, Marc T. Kiviniemi
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The relationships between a peer counselor's level of homophobia, their self-perceptions of counseling ability, and their effectiveness as a peer counselor were examined. Resident Assistants (RA's, N=27) completed the Index of Homophobia (Hudson & Ricketts, 1980) and the Peer Counseling Comfort Scale. Resident students (N=159) evaluated their RA's performance and ability as a peer counselor. Results from the three surveys were correlated. A significant correlation was found between Homophobia scores and self-perceptions of ability. Implications for counseling practice and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Memory Processes In Elderly Eyewitnesses: What We Know And What We Don’T Know, Brian H. Bornstein
Memory Processes In Elderly Eyewitnesses: What We Know And What We Don’T Know, Brian H. Bornstein
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Research is reviewed on the memory abilities of elderly eyewitnesses. Two major issues are addressed: First, how credible are elderly witnesses? Second, how accurate are they? Despite negative stereotypes regarding elderly eyewitnesses, they do not necessarily lack credibility at trial. In terms of their memory performance, older witnesses are as accurate as young adults in many respects, but they are particularly vulnerable to misleading information that is presented after the witnessed event. Furthermore, their performance varies depending on the type of information that is sought and the manner in which their memory is assessed. Recommendations are made for improving the …
Restoration Of Circadian Behavior By Anterior Hypothalamic Heterografts, Patricia J. Sollars, Daniel P. Kimble, Gary E. Pickard
Restoration Of Circadian Behavior By Anterior Hypothalamic Heterografts, Patricia J. Sollars, Daniel P. Kimble, Gary E. Pickard
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus (AH) is a circadian oscillator and an important component of the mammalian circadian system. To determine whether the SCN is the dominant circadian pacemaker responsible for generating a species-typical characteristic of circadian rhythms [i.e., period length (T)], neural transplantation was conducted using fetal AH donors of different species and SCN-lesioned (SCNx) hosts. The circadian behavior of each of the three donor species is clearly distinguishable by its species-typical T. The extent of SCN pacemaker autonomy was assessed by noting whether the period of the restored circadian rhythm following heterograft transplantation was characteristic …
Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass
Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
We review two groups of taxonomically unrelated viruses that share similarities in host preference and transmission routes to humans and pose a risk for mammalogists working with rodents. The rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses in the Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae are widely distributed on most continents where rodents occur. Their geographic distribution usually exceeds the distribution of the recognized human diseases they cause and has resulted from either natural coevolutionary events or the dissemination of viral passengers traveling with introduced mammalian hosts. Diseases of humans caused by these agents are among the most severe and most frequently fatal of zoonotic diseases. These …
Certain Canine Weakly Β-Hemolytic Intestinal Spirochetes Are Phenotypically And Genotypically Related To Spirochetes Associated With Human And Porcine Intestinal Spirochetosis, Gerald E. Duhamel, Nagaraja Muniappa, Michelle R. Mathiesen, J. L. Johnson, J. Toth, R. O. Elder, A. R. Doster
Certain Canine Weakly Β-Hemolytic Intestinal Spirochetes Are Phenotypically And Genotypically Related To Spirochetes Associated With Human And Porcine Intestinal Spirochetosis, Gerald E. Duhamel, Nagaraja Muniappa, Michelle R. Mathiesen, J. L. Johnson, J. Toth, R. O. Elder, A. R. Doster
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Four canine weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes associated with intestinal spirochetosis (IS-associated WBHIS) were compared with IS-associated human and porcine WBHIS and the type species for Serpulina hyodysenteriae and S. innocens by using phenotypic and genotypic parameters. The IS-associated canine, human, and porcine WBHIS belonged to a phyletic group distinct from but related to previously described Serpulina type species.
Bovine Tuberculosis In A Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) From Montana, Jack Rhyan, Keith Aune, Brian Hood, Ryan Clarke, Janet Payeur, Jerald Jamagin, Larry Stackhouse
Bovine Tuberculosis In A Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus) From Montana, Jack Rhyan, Keith Aune, Brian Hood, Ryan Clarke, Janet Payeur, Jerald Jamagin, Larry Stackhouse
Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database
A survey of 41 mule deer (Odocolleus hemionus) and three white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) for bovine tuberculosis was conducted on a Montana (USA) cattle ranch from 2 November 1993 through January 1994. Gross and microscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis were present in tonsil and lymph nodes of the head, thorax, and abdomen of one adult female mule deer. Additionally, a single microgranuloma considered morphologically suggestive of tuberculosis was present in one lymph node of the head of a second mule deer. Mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes of the head and thorax of the first deer were …
Morphine Taste Conditioning And Analgesia: Assessing Conditioned And Novelty-Induced Analgesia, Rick A. Bevins, Joanne M. Valone, Melinda C. Bradley, Michael T. Bardo
Morphine Taste Conditioning And Analgesia: Assessing Conditioned And Novelty-Induced Analgesia, Rick A. Bevins, Joanne M. Valone, Melinda C. Bradley, Michael T. Bardo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In previous work showing a taste-elicited decrease in pain sensitivity (J. S. Miller, K. S. Kelly, J. L. Neisewander, D. F. Mc- Coy, & M. T. Bardo, 1990), the rats (Rattus norvegicus) were always habituated to an inactive hot plate after each drug injection. The present report examined whether the analgesic response was a conditioned response to the taste or a response to the novelty of the hot plate resulting from morphine disrupting the habituation process. In 3 experiments, it was found that hot plate novelty was mainly responsible for the analgesic response. For example, increasing the number …
A Comparison Of Item And Source Forgetting, Brian H. Bornstein, Denny C. Lecompte
A Comparison Of Item And Source Forgetting, Brian H. Bornstein, Denny C. Lecompte
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The purpose of the present research was to compare memory for an item with memory for the item’s source. Experiment 1 investigated discrimination between two external sources: each item in a list of words was spoken in either a male or a female voice. Subjects received a test of item recognition and a test of source monitoring at each of four delay intervals (immediate, 30 min, 48 h, 1 week). In contrast with previous research, no evidence of differential forgetting rates for item and source information was found. With delay intervals of 0 and 48 h, Experiment 2 replicated Experiment …
Isolation And Characterization Of A B-D-Glucuronidase-Producing Strain Of Escherichia Coli Serotype O157:H7 In The United States, Peggy S. Hayes, Kristina Blom, Peter Feng, Jay Lewis, Nancy A. Strockbine, Bala Swaminathan
Isolation And Characterization Of A B-D-Glucuronidase-Producing Strain Of Escherichia Coli Serotype O157:H7 In The United States, Peggy S. Hayes, Kristina Blom, Peter Feng, Jay Lewis, Nancy A. Strockbine, Bala Swaminathan
Public Health Resources
A phenotypic variant of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 (G5101) was isolated from a patient with bloody diarrhea. Strain G5101 does not ferment sorbitol but is β-D-glucuronidase and urease positive. Serotyping and colony hybridization using a serotype-specific DNA probe confirmed that the isolate was O157:H7. G5101 produces Shiga-like toxins I and II and contains an eae gene that is highly conserved in the O157:H7 serotype. This strain would have been missed by laboratories that screen for the sorbitol-negative, β-D-glucuronidase- negative phenotype in isolating E. coli O157:H7 from clinical and food specimens.
Genetic Polymorphism Of The Ipah Multicopy Antigen Gene In Shigella Spps. And Enteroinvasive Escherichia Coli, Jerry M. Buysse, Antoinette B. Hartman, Nancy Strockbine, Malabi Venkatesan
Genetic Polymorphism Of The Ipah Multicopy Antigen Gene In Shigella Spps. And Enteroinvasive Escherichia Coli, Jerry M. Buysse, Antoinette B. Hartman, Nancy Strockbine, Malabi Venkatesan
Public Health Resources
The ipaH loci comprise a multicopy antigen gene family unique to Shigella species and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). DNA probes derived from the Shigella flexneri stereotype 5 ipaH7.8 gene were used to compare the molecular arrangement of ipaH alleles in a variety of Shigella and EIEC strains. Multiple copies of ipaH-homologous sequences were detected in all invasion plasmids examined. Oligonucleotide probes covering discrete 24 bp segments of the ipaH7.8 gene and sequences flanking the ipaH4.5 (probe H25) and ipaH2.5 (probe H24) loci were used to define the extent of homology among invasion plasmid copies of …
Fulminant Hepatic Failure: Summary Of A Workshop, Jay Hoofnagle, Robert Carithers Jr., Craig Shapiro, Nancy Ascher
Fulminant Hepatic Failure: Summary Of A Workshop, Jay Hoofnagle, Robert Carithers Jr., Craig Shapiro, Nancy Ascher
Public Health Resources
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is defined by the appearance of severe liver injury with hepatic encephalopathy in a previously healthy person. There are an estimated 2,000 cases of FHF in the United States yearly, representing 0.1% of all deaths and, perhaps, 6% of liver related deaths. The causes of FHF are many, the chief ones in the United States being hepatitis A; B; non-A, non-B and drug induced liver disease. There are no specific therapies for FHF, however, liver transplantation is recommended for situations in which spontaneous recovery appears unlikely. Factors that are valuable in assessing the likelihood of spontaneous …
Infections Associated With Bartonella Species In Persons Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Russell L. Regnery, James E. Childs, Jane E. Koehler
Infections Associated With Bartonella Species In Persons Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Russell L. Regnery, James E. Childs, Jane E. Koehler
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
Two members of the genus Bartonella, Bartonella quintana (formerly Rochalimaea quintana) and Bartonella henselae (formerly Rochalimaea henselae), have recently been recognized as agents of severe or fatal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiencyv irus (HIV). The development of infection with B. henselae in HIV-infected individuals has been associated with traumatic contact with cats (scratches or bites), and domestic cats have been identified as a major reservoir for this organism. Specific information regarding the transmission of B. henselae to humans is not yet available, but common-sense precautions that minimize exposure to cat-associated organisms are appropriate. Preliminary accounts suggest that …
A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters
A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome( HPS) occurred in the south-western United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households( household controls), members of neighboring households( near controls), and members of randomly selected households ≥ 24 km away ( far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near ( P = .03) or far control households( P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for,case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio …
Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters
Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and the possibility of aerosol transmission of hantaviruses, persons handling known reservoir species in the field, laboratory, or classroom should take special precautions to minimize the risk of infection. We provide specific guidelines for personal safety while trapping, handling and releasing, transporting, sampling, and performing necropsy on potentially infected rodents or teaching field classes in areas occupied by reservoir species. Special consideration should be given to respiratory protection, choice and use of disinfectants, decontamination of instruments and traps, proper disposal of infectious wastes, and preservation and shipment of …
Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs
Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
Rabies is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, maintained in nature by a variety of animal reservoirs. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system, resulting in progressive encephalopathy and ultimately death in an infected human. Globally, the risk of contracting rabies for humans is greatest in regions of the developing world where dog rabies is enzootic. Where rabies in dogs has been eliminated or otherwise controlled through vaccination programs, the disease can be maintained by wildlife. Wildlife primarily involved in maintenance of transmission cycles are carnivores and bats. Persons having frequent contact with wildlife, such as mammalogists, are at …
The Role Of Aidose Reductase In Diabetic Retinopathy: Prevention And Intervention Studies, W. Gerald Robinson Jr., Nora M. Laver, Marjorie F. Lou
The Role Of Aidose Reductase In Diabetic Retinopathy: Prevention And Intervention Studies, W. Gerald Robinson Jr., Nora M. Laver, Marjorie F. Lou
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Diabetic retinopathy is the major ocular complication of diabetes, both in terms of incidence and irreversible visual impairment. In spite of modern procedures for strict blood glucose control (DCCT, 1993), laser treatment (ETDRS, 1991f; Aiello, 1994), vitrectomy (Gardner and Blankenship, 1994; Glaser, 1994b), and classical pituitary ablation (Kohner et al., 1976; Speakman et al., 1966; Poulsen, 1953), it is a serious threat to normal vision. It is mainly a vascular disorder, primarily involving microvessels (Garner, 1970). Retinal capillaries undergo multiple, extremely complex structural alterations in response to the unavoidable hyperglycemia of long-term diabetes. Because many of the angiopathies occur on …
Media Components Influence Viral Gene Expression Assays In Human Fetal Astrocyte Cultures, Micheline Mccarthy, Charles Wood, Larisa Fedoseyeva, Scott R. Whittemore
Media Components Influence Viral Gene Expression Assays In Human Fetal Astrocyte Cultures, Micheline Mccarthy, Charles Wood, Larisa Fedoseyeva, Scott R. Whittemore
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
In vitro neurovirological studies of viral infectivity or viral gene expression may be confounded by the mulHple neural cell types and/or fibrob last contamination present in early passage cultures prepared from dissociated human central nervous system (eNS) tissue. We have developed highly enriched astrocyte cultures for neurovirological study by culturing in a serum-free defined medium, 816, supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Subculture in this medium selects against fibroblast proliferation and favors sustained proliferation of a highly enriched glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cell population. These astrocytes support productive replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and transient expression of transfected CMVand …
Investigation Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Adherence Characteristics And Invasion Potential Reveals A New Attachment Pattern Shared By Intestinal E. Coli, Marian L. Mckee, Alison D. O'Brien
Investigation Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Adherence Characteristics And Invasion Potential Reveals A New Attachment Pattern Shared By Intestinal E. Coli, Marian L. Mckee, Alison D. O'Brien
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
In this study, the interactions of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 strains with human ileocecal (HCT-8) epithelial cells and HEp-2 cells were examined. EHEC adhered to, but did not invade, HCT-8 cells by the localized adherence mechanism and a heretofore unrecognized pattern which we called log jam. The log jam formation was (i) not observed on HEp-2 cells, (ii) independent of the EHEC eaeA gene required for localized adherence, and (iii) shared by pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli strains but not K-12 strains. The log jam phenotype may represent a basal means by which E. coli bacteria attach to the …
Survey Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Diets Of Midwest Low-Income Pregnant Women, Nancy M. Lewis, Anne C. Widga, Janet S. Buck, Andrea M. Frederick
Survey Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Diets Of Midwest Low-Income Pregnant Women, Nancy M. Lewis, Anne C. Widga, Janet S. Buck, Andrea M. Frederick
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications
The objectives of this project were to detennine the omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3 FA) consumption of low-income pregnant women, and to identify food sources of ω-3 FA in their diets. Thirty women provided three days of dietary intake that were analyzed using the Food Processor Plus computer program. Mean daily consumption of ω-3 FA was 1.060 ± 0.030 g/day. The major form of the ω-3 FA was α-linolenic acid (α-LNA; 93%), with less from eicosapentanoic acid (EPA; 2%), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA; 5%). Foods that provided the most α-LNA were fats, oils, salad dressings, and milk products. EPA …