Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

School Transitions And Adjustment During Early Adolescence, Lisa J. Crockett, Anne C. Petersen, Julie A. Graber, John E. Schulenberg, Aaron Ebata

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of the timing and number of school transitions on young adolescents’ subsequent adjustment. Three groups of adolescents (total N = 253) were compared: those making a single early school transition prior to sixth grade, those making a single later transition prior to seventh grade, and those making a double transition prior to both sixth and seventh grades. Adjustment was assessed in terms of course grades and self-image. Negative effects were found for both early and repeated school transitions, with the double transition being especially debilitating. In addition, effects were seen …

The Impact Of Parents, Peers, And Socialization Processes On Adolescent Substance Abuse, Andrea M. Wilson

Electronic Dissertations and Theses

Adolescent drug use in the community is widespread social problem. The excessive use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs by our nation's youth has not created a dilemma with no clear-cut reasons or cures for adolescent substance abuse. Alcohol and other drug abuse has the most serious impact on developing children and youth. Initiating drug use at an early age can have far reaching physical, psychosocial, and developmental consequences. This paper gives a general overview of adolescent substance abuse. It examines adolescent substance abuse from a developmental perspective. It discusses various influences upon adolescent substance abuse, as well as the …

Depression In Alcohol And Other Drug Abusers: Prevalence, Nature, Assessment, And Relationship To Short-Term Relapse, Patricia Moulton Guilford

Dissertations

The prevalence of depression was evaluated in 168 inpatients being treated for alcohol and other drug abuse. Patients were divided into three groups according to their pattern of substance use: alcohol only, alcohol and other drugs, and other drugs only. After two weeks of sobriety, 35% of these patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1987) criteria for one of the Depressive Disorders based upon information from a structured interview using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Change Version (SADS-C) (Endicott & Spitzer, 1978). Prevalence rates did not vary …

Intelligence Quotient Vs Brain Ability : A Correlational Study Of The Brain's Perceptual Ability Through Three Different Sensory Modalities And Intelligence Quotient, Harold A. Wynn

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate how an individual's ability to perceive various stimuli through the auditory, olfactory, and tactile sensory systems correlates with his/her ability to perform on the Wechsler standard intelligence test.

Arousal And Physiological Toughness: Implications For Mental And Physical Health, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

From W. B. Cannon’s identification of adrenaline with “fight or flight” to modern views of stress, negative views of peripheral physiological arousal predominate. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is associated with anxiety, neuroticism, the Type A personality, cardiovascular disease, and immune system suppression; illness susceptibility is associated with life events requiring adjustments. “Stress control” has become almost synonymous with arousal reduction. A contrary positive view of peripheral arousal follows from studies of subjects exposed to intermittent stressors. Such exposure leads to low SNS arousal base rates, but to strong and responsive challenge- or stress-induced SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal, with resistance to brain …

Creativity And Perception, John H. Flowers, Calvin P. Garbin

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Informal thought about the nature of mental operations important to creative human behavior suggests that perceptual processes are of considerable importance. The ability to “see relationships among elements” is an attribution commonly made toward authors of major scientific discoveries or of noteworthy artistic achievements. For example, Shepard (1978, 1981) documented self-reports from several creative scientists and authors that strongly emphasize the role of visual imagery and the manipulation of visual codes in the creative process.

Given the anecdotal and self-report evidence for a relationship between creative behavior and aspects of perceptual processing, it initially may seem surprising that there is …

Neurological Soft Signs And School Achievement: The Mediating Effects Of Sustained Attention, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, David Shaffer, Joseph E. Barmack

Publications and Research

Citation:

Schonfeld, I. S., Shaffer, D., & Barmack, J.E. (1989). Neurological soft signs and school achievement: The mediating effects of sustained attention. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 575-596. doi:10.1007/BF00917723

Children's Motivation Analysis Test (Cmat) Normative Data, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

Normalized standard ten scores (N-Stens) for a large cohort of 475 Australian Grade 6 children and for the boys and girls separately are presented for the Cattellian Children's Motivation Analysis Test (CMAT), representing the first such normative data available for this instrument.

Confirmation Of The Structural Dimensionality Of The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition), Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

The new Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (fourth edition) seemingly represents an important advance in design and construction over the earlier form L-M. The latest version of the instrument (SB-IV) is purported to index both crystallized intelligence (Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning Areas) and fluid intelligence (Abstract/Visual Reasoning Area) structural dimensions respectively. Given the prominence of modem information­ processing theories of cognition, a separate Short-Term Memory (STM) Area is also provided. The authors provided confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) evidence to support their claim for the construct validity of each of the four cognitive ability areas. However, several inconsistent factor loadings were apparent, for …

Factor Structure Of The Differential Emotions Scale And The Eight State Questionnaire Revisited, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

The Differential Emotions Scale (DES-IV) and the Eight State Questionnaire (SSQ) are two separately developed multidimensional instruments purported to index simultaneously a number of fundamental emotional/mood states. The two instruments combined quantify some 20 primary mood states, which, in practice, may provide too complex a picture to be of benefit in many applied and research settings. Attempts to derive higher-order mood-state factors from both the DES-IV and the SSQ have yielded somewhat inconsistent results. In. this paper an attempt was made to resolve this issue by reanalysing data collected from 450 Australian tertiary college students. The results indicated that there …

Sex Differences In Reported Mood States, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

It is generally agreed that females tend to assent more readily to negative mood states such as Anxiety or Depression, than do males. The present study explored this issue on a large sample of male and female Education undergraduate students, using the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ) as the measure of mood states. Several studies had previously suggested that the 8SQ is a useful multidimensional instrument for quantifying a wide range of clinically important mood states. Results indicated that male and female students responded differentially to a minority of the 8SQ items, and that the factor structure of reported moods differed …

Dimensions Of Adolescent Motivation As Measured By Higher-Order Factors In The School Motivation Analysis Test, Gregory J. Boyle, K Brian Start, E John Hall

Gregory J. Boyle

Although previous analyses of higher-order motivational dimensions have suggested at least seven major dynamic traits among adults, corresponding analyses among adolescents have not yet been undertaken in any satisfactory manner. To this end, the present article reports the results of a higher-order factor analysis of the subscale intercorrelations for the School Motivation Analysis Test (SMAT) on an Australian sample of 277 Year I 0 students enrolled in various senior high schools. The results suggest that at least six factors maximally account for the common variance in the SMAT. Tentative interpretations of the higher-order factors obtained are made and discussed in …

The Psychological Effects Of Exercise, Judith Rodin, Thomas G. Plante

Psychology

Thousands of businesses in the United States have implemented programs to promote physical fitness among their employees (Falkenberg, 1987). The programs range from company-paid memberships at private health and fitness clubs to complete work site fitness facilities. These programs have been developed not only to improve and maintain employee health but also to promote psychological well-being and productivity and to reduce absenteeism, insurance claims, and stress. Recent research focusing on the use of employee fitness programs to improve work-related behaviors suggests that these programs may improve absenteeism, job satisfaction, tenure. and health care costs, especially among female employees (Baun, Bernacki, …

Pig Vocalizations Under Selected Husbandry Practices, H. Xin, J. A. Deshazer, Daniel W. Leger

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Acoustical characteristics of vocalizations of sows, piglets, and nursery pigs under selected husbandry practices were analyzed with a digital signal processing system. The duration (D) and major energy-resonance frequency (P) for each call were determined as follows: a) processing of piglets (D = 0.81 s and f* = 3 700 Hz); b) food anticipation of breeding-gestation sows (2.50 s and 3 000 Hz); c) isolation of piglet (0.34 s and 500, 3 500 Hz); d) startling of nursery pigs (0.29 s and 900 Hz); e) sows in heat (3.07 s and 1 375 Hz); f) farrowing (0.10 s and 3 …

Memory For The Absolute Pitch Of Familiar Songs, Andrea Halpern

Faculty Journal Articles

Four experiments were conducted to examine the ability of people without "perfect pitch" to retain the absolute pitch offamiliar tunes. In Experiment 1, participants imagined given tunes, and then hummed their first notes four times either between or within sessions. The variability of these productions was very low. Experiment 2 used a recognition paradigm, with results similar to those in Experiment 1 for musicians, but with some additional variability shown for unselected subjects. In Experiment 3, subjects rated the suitability ofvarious pitches to start familiar tunes. Previously given preferred notes were rated high, as were notes three or four semitones …

1989-1990 Course Catalog (Graduate), Columbia College Chicago

Course Catalogs

1989-1990 graduate course catalog.

Stress, Social Support And Parental Behavior, Mila M. Buset

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The present study investigated the relationship between stress, social support and parenting behavior. Eighty-six mothers who had a child enrolled in a daycare center in the Kitchener-Waterloo region volunteered for this study. Participants completed four questionnaires: A Demographic Sheet, the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein, 1983), the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Cohen and Hoberman, 1983), and the Parent Behavior Scale (which was specifically constructed for this study). The overall support scale and the four subscales (tangible, belonging, appraisal, and self-esteem support) were used to determine whether the perceived availability of social support is directly related to parenting behavior …

An Evaluation Of Drama Therapy As A Form Of Secondary Prevention For Children With Social Skills Deficits, Myra Kosidoy

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The following study investigated the effectiveness of an intervention that was based on creative drama designed to improve the social skills of school age children identified as deficient in social-emotional development. The intervention, termed the structured fantasy approach, combines theoretical principals from psychodynamic theory, social learning theory, and creative drama. The study was conducted at a public school in the Kitchener-Waterloo area. Eight students from the third to sixth grade participated in a ten-week social skills program, while seven students from first to third grade participated in a similar program. Five first to third graders and four third to six …

Assessing Socially Skilled Behaviour For Vocational Tenure In Adults With Developmental Disability, Paula M. Daoust

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Socially skilled behaviour is a critical factor in an individual's ability to secure and maintain employment. Due to the very nature of their handicap, persons with mental retardation often exhibit social skills deficits, thus restricting access to competitive employment and the status of full membership in society that such employment facilitates. Previous attempts to train socially skilled behaviour in persons with mental retardation have been hampered by the lack of a valid assessment tool to evaluate program effectiveness and inform program content. The purpose of this paper was to develop such an instrument by extending work done by Lagreca, Stone …

Drawing With And Without Models: An Examination Of Drawing Behavior In Children And Adults, Jenet Bogles

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Research in drawing development has indicated that individuals’ drawing behavior changes with age. Preschoolers, six, nine, twelve year-olds, and adults participated in the present study since these ages corresponded to the most prominent stages noted in the literature. Part one of this study examined drawing behavior in three drawing conditions: a model-absent condition (C1) in which drawing took place following a brief verbal description, a model briefly-present condition (C2) in which the model on which the verbal description was based was examined and drawn when removed from sight, and a model continuously present-condition (C3) in which drawings were made while …

Mood Induction, Interpersonal Perceptions, And Behavioral Rejection In Students With Depressed, Non-Depressed Disturbed, And Normal Roommates, Charles A. Sanislow, David V. Perkins, Deborah Ware Balogh

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The present study used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to select, based on multidimensional criteria, 51 college students who displayed depression alone, depression in conjunction with other psychological disturbance (PD), nondepressive PD, or no PD. All students had been living with randomly assigned roommates (RMs) for at least 10 wks. RMs of these students completed the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List, the Profile of Mood States, MMPI-168 Depression scale items, and items concerning roommate behavior. RMs of students depressed in conjunction with other PD were significantly more depressed themselves on 2 measures than were RMs of students in the …