Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Advancing Drug Delivery Systems For The Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis, I. Tabansky, M. D. Messina, C. Bangeranye, J. Goldstein, K. M. Blitz-Shabbir, S. Machado, V. Jeganathan, P. Wright, S. Najjar, J. N. Stern

Joel N.H. Stern

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by demyelination of neurons and loss of neuronal axons and oligodendrocytes. In MS, auto-reactive T cells and B cells cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), causing perivenous demyelinating lesions that form multiple discrete inflammatory demyelinated plaques located primarily in the white matter. In chronic MS, cortical demyelination and progressive axonal transections develop. Treatment for MS can be stratified into disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and symptomatic therapy. DMTs aim to decrease circulating immune cells or to prevent these cells from crossing the BBB and reduce the …

A Sodium Salt Of The Dimer Of Boronoterephthalic Acid Anhydride, Scott Simmons, Albert Fratini, Vladimir Benin

Albert Fratini

The title compound, sodium bis­(6-carb­oxy-1-hy­droxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborol-1-yl)oxidanium, Na+·C16H15B2O13-, was prepared in two steps from 2-bromo-p-xylene. Its crystal structure was determined at 140 K and has triclinic (P) symmetry. The compound presents a unique structural motif, including two units of the cyclic anhydride of boronoterephthalic acid, joined by a protonated, and thereby trivalent, oxonium center. Association in the crystal is realized by complementary hydrogen bonding of the carboxyl groups, as well as by coordination of the sodium cations to the oxygen centers on the five-membered rings.

Does The Expression Of Ki-67, P16 And Cox-2 At Initial Diagnosis Of Breast Atypia Or Usual Ductal Hyperplasia Predict A Second Clinically Significant Event?, Judy Tjoe, Philippe Gascard, Jianxin Zhao, Gary Neitzel, Maharaj Singh, Brittany Last, James Marx, Thea Tlsty, Sanjay Kansra

Judy Tjoe, MD

Background: Women diagnosed with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) have a fivefold increased risk of developing breast cancer. Because ADH/ALH can be precursors or predictive markers of a subsequent clinically significant event (SCSE), i.e. atypia, in situ or invasive carcinoma, the clinical outcome for these patients ranges anywhere from remission to invasive malignancy. Currently we cannot predict which atypical breast lesion is likely to be associated with future cancer, resulting in aggressive management and, possibly, overtreatment. Kerlikowske et al. reported that a combination of three biomarkers (cell cycle regulator p16INK4a, proliferation antigen Ki-67 and stress response …

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Associates With Cd137 Ligand And Mediates Its Reverse Signaling., Mei Moh, Paolo Lorenzini, Charles Gullo, Herbert Schwarz

Charles Gullo

Reverse signaling through CD137 ligand (CD137L) potently activates monocytes. However, the underlying mechanism is not well elucidated. This study provides evidence that tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) acts as a coreceptor for CD137L and mediates CD137L signaling. CD137L colocalizes with TNFR1 on the plasma membrane and binds directly to TNFR1 via its extracellular domain. Using the human monocytic THP-1 cell line, we demonstrate that engagement of CD137L by recombinant CD137 protein promotes cell adhesion, apoptosis, expression of CD14, and production of IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Concomitantly, the expression of TNFR1 protein is down-regulated in response to CD137L …

Twelve Tips For Facilitating Team-Based Learning, Charles Gullo, Tam Ha, Sandy Cook

Charles Gullo

Background: Team-based learning (TBL) has become a more commonly recognized and implemented pedagogical approach in curricula of numerous disciplines. The desire to place more autonomy on the student and spend less in-class time delivering content has resulted in complete or partial adoption of this style of learning in many educational settings.

Aim: Provide faculty with tools that foster a well facilitated and interactive TBL learning environment.

Methods: We examined the published literature in the area of facilitation – specifically in TBL environments, and explored learning theories associated with team learning and our own experiences to create these facilitation tips.

Results: …

Hysteresis As A Measure Of Ankle Dysfunction, Alissa Cohen, James Mertz, Peggy Stewart, Michael Warner, Michael Kuchera

Michael Kuchera

There is no abstract for this article.

Whole-Body Vibration Improves Functional Mobility, Flexibility, And Relative Risk For Falling In The Assisted Living Elderly: A Case Series, Christina Garrity, Harold Merriman, C. Brahler

C. Jayne Brahler

Study design: A randomized double blind repeated measures, case series study of whole body vibration (WBV) in the assisted living elderly.

Background: A single exposure to WBV has been shown to have benefit with respect to muscle activity, strength, balance, and power in some studies while other studies have found no benefit. Its overall effectiveness is unknown due to the conflicting findings reported in the literature.

Case description: Six subjects (5 female, 1 male; mean age = 85.4) in an assisted living community volunteered to participate. Subjects were exposed to a single bout of WBV at 0, 2, 20, and …

Metastatic Brain Tumors: Current Therapeutic Options And Historical Perspective, Mark Rivkin, Richard Kanoff

Mark Rivkin

Metastatic brain tumors affect more than 150,000 patients annually in the United States. The therapeutic paradigms for these tumors have evolved over the years and currently encompass numerous modalities implemented by treating physicians across several medical disciplines. The armamentarium of brain tumor treatment involves neurosurgical intervention, whole-brain and focused radiation modalities, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Patient selection, however, remains critical to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit and depends on functional status, number and location of lesions, and tissue histologic findings. Best outcomes can be expected with a multidisciplinary approach to patient care where state-of-the-art treatment options are readily available.

In Vitro Haematopoiesis Of A Novel Dendritic-Like Cell Present In Murine Spleen, Jonathan Tan, Helen O'Neill

Jonathan Tan

Abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are important antigen presenting cells (APC) which induce and control the adaptive immune response. In spleen alone, multiple DC subsets can be distinguished by cell surface marker phenotype. Most of these have been shown to develop from progenitors in bone marrow and to seed lymphoid and tissue sites during development. This study advances in vitro methodology for haematopoiesis of dendritic-like cells from progenitors in spleen. Since spleen progenitors undergo differentiation in vitro to produce these cells, the possibility exists that spleen represents a specific niche for differentiation of this subset. The fact that an equivalent cell …

Trans-Catheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The Future Is Here, Raymond Singer, J Kleaveland

Raymond L Singer MD

No abstract provided.

Medical Hypothermia Post Cardiac Arrest, Nainesh Patel, John Castaldo, Ronald Freudenberger, Sudip Nanda

Nainesh C Patel MD

No abstract provided.

Spleen As A Distinct Site For Dendritic Cell Haematopoiesis, Jonathan Tan, Helen O'Neill

Jonathan Tan

No abstract provided.

Relative Reward Effects On Operant Behavior: Incentive Contrast,Induction And Variety Effects, Howard Cromwell

Howard Casey Cromwell

Comparing different rewards automatically produces dynamic relative outcome effects on behavior. Eachnew outcome exposure is to an updated version evaluated relative to alternatives. Relative reward effectsinclude incentive contrast, positive induction and variety effects. The present study utilized a novelbehavioral design to examine relative reward effects on a chain of operant behavior using auditory cues.Incentive contrast is the most often examined effect and focuses on increases or decreases in behavioralperformance after value upshifts (positive) or downshifts (negative) relative to another outcome. Weexamined the impact of comparing two reward outcomes in a repeated measures design with three ses-sions: a single outcome and …

Choosing Radial Vs. Femoral Cardiac Catheterization: Does Operator Seniority Matter? A Single Center Experience, Nitin Verma Md, Amit N. Nanavati Md, Justin Roberts Do, Nainesh C. Patel Md

Nainesh C Patel MD

No abstract provided.

Door To Balloon Times Less Than 30 Minutes: The Lehigh Valley Health Network (Lvhn) Experience, M Sarkees, Matthew Martinez, Bruce Feldman, J Kleaveland, Orlando Rivera, Michael Rossi, William Combs, David Cox, Ronald Freudenberger, Nainesh Patel

Nainesh C Patel MD

No abstract provided.

Is Early Broncoscopy Helpful In Diagnosing Inhalation Injury?, Sigrid Blome-Eberwein

Sigrid A Blome-Eberwein MD

No abstract provided.

Natural Killer Cells In Patients With Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Ekua Brenu, Sharni Hardcastle, Gunn Atkinson, Mieke Van Driel, Sanne Kreijkamp-Kaspers, Kevin Ashton, Don Staines, Sonja Marshall-Gradisnik

Kevin Ashton

Maintenance of health and physiological homeostasis is a synergistic process involving tight regulation of proteins, transcription factors and other molecular processes. The immune system consists of innate and adaptive immune cells that are required to sustain immunity. The presence of pathogens and tumour cells activates innate immune cells, in particular Natural Killer (NK) cells. Stochastic expression of NK receptors activates either inhibitory or activating signals and results in cytokine production and activation of pathways that result in apoptosis of target cells. Thus, NK cells are a necessary component of the immunological process and aberrations in their functional processes, including equivocal …

Salamanders Of Indiana, Rod Williams, Bruce Kingsbury, Brian Macgowan, Zach Walker

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Microsatellite Variation, Population Structure, And Bottlenecks In The Threatened Copperbelly Watersnake, J. Marshall, Bruce Kingsbury, D. Minchella

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Impacts Of Clear-Cutting On The Habitat Use And Spatial Ecology Of The Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus C. Catenatus), B. Degregorio, N. Bieser, J. Manning, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Conservation Strategies: Captive Breeding, Translocation, And Repatriation. In: Snakes: Ecology And Conservation, Bruce Kingsbury, O. Attum

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

The Massasauga Saga: Summary Of The Biology Of Sistrurus Catenatus, M. Dreslik, R. Seigel, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Nerodia Erythrogaster Neglecta (Copper-Bellied Watersnake): Foraging Behavior, J. Roe, Bruce Kingsbury, M. Myers

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Hibernation Ecology Of The Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus Catenatus Catenatus) In Michigan, C. Smith, J. Sage, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Conserving And Tracking Tortoises: A Local Community Visual Tracking Or Radio-Tracking Approach?, Omar Attum, B. Rabea, S. Osman, S. Habinan, S. Baha El Din, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Natural History And Snake Conservation In The Midwestern United States, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Reptile Conservation At The Landscape Level, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Intraspecific Variation In Area Use And Movements Of The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus Horridus) In Southern Indiana, S. Gibson, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Prescribed Fire On The Eastern Box Turtle, Terrapene C. Carolina, J. Gibson, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Ecology And Conservation Of The Eastern Box Turtle, Terrapene C. Carolina, J. Gibson, Bruce Kingsbury

Bruce A Kingsbury Ph.D.

No abstract provided.