Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Highly Efficient Gas-Phase Reactivity Of Protonated Pyridine Radicals With Propene, Cameron Bright, Matthew Prendergast, Patrick Kelly, James Bezzina, Stephen J. Blanksby, Gabriel Da Silva, Adam J. Trevitt

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Small nitrogen containing heteroaromatics are fundamental building blocks for many biological molecules, including the DNA nucleotides. Pyridine, as a prototypical N-heteroaromatic, has been implicated in the chemical evolution of many extraterrestrial environments, including the atmosphere of Titan. This paper reports on the gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of the three dehydro-N-pyridinium radical cation isomers with propene. Photodissociation ion-trap mass spectrometry experiments are used to measure product branching ratios and reaction kinetics. Reaction efficiencies for 2-dehydro-N-pyridinium, 3-dehydro-N-pyridinium and 4-dehydro-N-pyridinium with propene are 70%, 47% and 41%, respectively. The m/z 106 channel is the major product channel across all cases and assigned 2-, 3-, …

The Translational Controlled Tumour Protein Tctp: Biological Functions And Regulation, Ulrich A. Bommer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Translational Controlled Tumour Protein TCTP (gene symbol TPT1, also called P21, P23, Q23, fortilin or histamine-releasing factor, HRF) is a highly conserved protein present in essentially all eukaryotic organisms and involved in many fundamental cell biological and disease processes. It was first discovered about 35 years ago, and it took an extended period of time for its multiple functions to be revealed, and even today we do not yet fully understand all the details. Having witnessed most of this history, in this chapter, I give a brief overview and review the current knowledge on the structure, biological functions, disease …

Gestational Age And Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Individuals Born At Term: A Life Course Study, Isabel Ferreira, Pei Gbatu, Colin Boreham

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background--In contrast to the effects of preterm birth, the extent to which shorter gestational age affects the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels of individuals who were born at term (ie, between 37 and 42 weeks) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether life-course CRF levels varied across different gestational ages within the at-term range. Methods and Results--The association between gestational age (in weeks) obtained from Child Health Services records and CRF, estimated from field and laboratory tests and expressed by maximal oxygen uptake level through adolescence to young adulthood, was examined in 791 participants in the …

Modelling Inundation Extents Of The June 2016 Storm Surge In Estuarine Environments Using Static And Dynamic Approaches, Kristian Kumbier, Rafael Cabral Carvalho, Athanasios T. Vafeidis, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Identification of areas exposed to storm-tide inundation is of importance for coastal flood risk management. In June 2016 the coincidence of a storm surge with a high spring tide caused severe inundation across the coast of NSW. Settlements in low-lying areas of estuarine environments were particularly at risk due to the potential enhancement of extreme water levels by riverine flooding. Traditional flood risk assessments do not account for the latter driver, even though the degree of impact on flood extent can vary with the catchment size of an estuarine environment. This study compares flood extent generated from static ("bathtub") and …

A Multidisciplinary Learning Experience Contributing To Mental Health Rehabilitation, Lorna Moxham, Christopher F. Patterson, Ellie K. Taylor, Dana J. Perlman, Susan Sumskis, Renee M. Brighton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose People who access health services often have a range of needs that require the involvement of members from a multidisciplinary team. Teaching future health professionals about the importance of a multidisciplinary approach can be challenging. The aim of this paper is to describe a project called Recovery Camp that enhanced multidisciplinary health education through experiential and immersive engagement with people experiencing mental illness.

Method Future health professionals and people with a lived experience of mental illness took part in Recovery Camp - an innovative five-day therapeutic recreation initiative in the Australian bush. Results are presented in a case study …

How To Find Success As A Woman In Science, Kara L. Vine, Amy R. Wyatt, Martina L. Sanderson-Smith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

As children we are encouraged to dream big, and many young people - including young women and girls - aspire to a career in science. While there are role models at the top tiers of science combating gender bias, the jump from PhD student to lead researcher may at first seem insurmountable for many women. Students considering a career in science are told that competition for research funding is fierce, giving rise to short-term contracts and job insecurity. This sees scientists working overtime and weekends and that makes it harder to succeed if you are a female scientist and mother. …

Movement Of Lithics By Trampling: An Experiment In The Madjedbebe Sediments, Northern Australia, Benjamin Marwick, Elspeth Hayes, Christopher Clarkson, Richard Fullagar

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Understanding post-depositional movement of artefacts is vital to making reliable claims about the formation of archaeological deposits. Human trampling has long been recognised as a contributor to post-depositional artefact displacement. We investigate the degree to which artefact form (shape-and-size) attributes can predict how an artefact is moved by trampling. We use the Zingg classification system to describe artefact form. Our trampling substrate is the recently excavated archaeological deposits from Madjedbebe, northern Australia. Madjedbebe is an important site because it contains early evidence of human activity in Australia. The age of artefacts at Madjedbebe is contentious because of the possibility of …

Estimating The Atmospheric Concentration Of Criegee Intermediates And Their Possible Interference In A Fage-Lif Instrument, A Novelli, K Hens, C. Tatum Ernest, M Martinez, A C. Nolscher, V Sinha, P Paasonen, T Petaja, M Sipila, T Elste, Dagmar C. Kubistin

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We analysed the extensive dataset from the HUMPPA-COPEC 2010 and the HOPE 2012 field campaigns in the boreal forest and rural environments of Finland and Germany, respectively, and estimated the abundance of stabilised Criegee intermediates (SCIs) in the lower troposphere. Based on laboratory tests, we propose that the background OH signal observed in our IPI-LIF-FAGE instrument during the aforementioned campaigns is caused at least partially by SCIs. This hypothesis is based on observed correlations with temperature and with concentrations of unsaturated volatile organic compounds and ozone. Just like SCIs, the background OH concentration can be removed through the addition of …

Intraocular Pressure And Cerebral Oxygenation During Prolonged Headward Acceleration, Ola Eiken, Michail E. Keramidas, Nigel A.S. Taylor, Mikael Gronkvist

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose Supra-tolerance head-to-foot directed gravitoinertial load (+Gz) typically induces a sequence of symptoms/ signs, including loss of: peripheral vision—central vision— consciousness. The risk of unconsciousness is greater when anti-G-garment failure occurs after prolonged rather than brief exposures, presumably because, in the former condition, mental signs are not consistently preceded by impaired vision. The aims were to investigate if prolonged exposure to moderately elevated +Gz reduces intraocular pressure (IOP; i.e., improves provisions for retinal perfusion), or the cerebral anoxia reserve. Methods Subjects were exposed to 4-min +Gz plateaux either at 2 and 3 G (n = 10), or at 4 and …

Friday Essay: When Did Australia's Human History Begin?, Billy Griffiths, Lynette Russell, Richard G. Roberts

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In July, a new date was published that pushed the opening chapters of Australian history back to 65,000 years ago. It is the latest development in a time revolution that has gripped the nation over the past half century. In the 1950s, it was widely believed that the first Australians had arrived on this continent only a few thousand years earlier. They were regarded as "primitive" - a fossilised stage in human evolution - but not necessarily ancient. In the decades since, Indigenous history has been pushed back into the dizzying expanse of deep time. While people have lived in …

Study Of The Footprints Of Short-Term Variation In Xco2 Observed By Tccon Sites Using Nies And Flexpart Atmospheric Transport Models, Dmitry Belikov, Shamil Maksyutov, Alexander Ganshin, Ruslan Zhuravlev, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Debra Wunch, Dietrich G. Feist, Isamu Morino, Robert J. Parker, Kimberly Strong, Yukio Yoshida, Andrey Bril, Sergey Oshchepkov, Hartmut Boesch, Manvendra K. Dubey, David W. T Griffith, Will Hewson, Rigel Kivi, Joseph Mendonca, Justus Notholt, Matthias Schneider, Ralf Sussmann, Voltaire A. Velazco, Shuji Aoki

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) that record near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the sun. From these spectra, accurate and precise observations of CO2 column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (denoted XCO2) are retrieved. TCCON FTS observations have previously been used to validate satellite estimations of XCO2; however, our knowledge of the short-term spatial and temporal variations in XCO2 surrounding the TCCON sites is limited. In this work, we use the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Eulerian three-dimensional transport model and the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM) …

Initial Micromorphological Results From Liang Bua, Flores (Indonesia): Site Formation Processes And Hominin Activities At The Type Locality Of Homo Floresiensis, Mike W. Morley, Paul Goldberg, Thomas Sutikna, Matthew W. Tocheri, Linda C. Prinsloo, - Jatmiko, E Wahyu Saptomo, Sri Wasisto, Richard G. Roberts

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Liang Bua, a karstic cave located on the island of Flores in eastern Indonesia, is best known for yielding the holotype of the diminutive hominin Homo floresiensis from Late Pleistocene sediments. Modern human remains have also been recovered from the Holocene deposits, and abundant archaeological and faunal remains occur throughout the sequence. The cave, the catchment in which it is located and the gross aggradational phases of the sediment sequence have all been subject to a great deal of scientific scrutiny since the discovery of the holotype of H. floresiensis in 2003. A recent program of geoarchaeological research has extended …

A Grounded Theory Study Of Thai Family Caregiving Process For Relatives With First Episode Psychosis, Wilai Napa, Patraporn Tungpunkom, Hunsa Sethabouppha, Areewan Klunklin, Ritin S. Fernandez

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This grounded theory study explored the family caregiving process for relatives with first-episode psychosis related to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The study was conducted during May 2013-March 2014 in lower northeastern region of Thailand using semi-structured interviews and observations, and involved 31 participants from 18 Thai families. The data were analyzed by using Strauss and Corbin's constant comparative method until theoretical saturation was achieved.

The core category emerging from the data was Balancing family life, which consisted of three phases: 1) Communicating to gain support and understanding, 2) Capturing solution, and 3) Engaging in the family caregiving role. To keep balance …

Modifications To The Shoalhaven Estuary And The Coastal Sediment Budget Over The Past 40 Years, Rafael Cabral Carvalho, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Shoalhaven River is one of the few rivers in NSW to supply significant quantities of sand to the coast at the present time. The bulk of sediment delivery does not occur continuously but rather in pulse events driven by storms and floods that breach the beach berm at Shoalhaven Heads, and modify the estuary and adjacent nearshore. Analysis of aerial photographs and Landsat imagery revealed that the river mouth at Shoalhaven Heads was open in 1961, 1974-1980, 1988-1994, 1998-1999, 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. This work presents a series of surveys that started in the 1980's and included repeated echo-sounding, sediment …

Accreditation Of Biosafe Clinical-Grade Human Embryonic Stem Cells According To Chinese Regulations, Qi Gu, Juan Wang, Lei Wang, Zheng-Xin Liu, Wan-Wan Zhu, Yuanqing Tan, Wei-Fang Han, Jun Wu, Chunjing Feng, Jinhui Fang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are promising in regenerative medicine. Although several hESC-based clinical trials are under way, a widely accepted standard of clinical-grade cells remains obscure. To attain a completely xeno-free clinical-grade cell line, the system must be free of xenogenic components, the cells must have a comprehensive set of functions, and good manufacturing practice conditions must be used. In this study, following these criteria, we successfully derived two hESC lines, which were thereby considered "clinical-grade embryonic stem cells". In addition to the primary capacity for pluripotency, these two cell lines were efficiently differentiated into various types of clinical-grade …

Remanence Acquisition Efficiency In Biogenic And Detrital Magnetite And Recording Of Geomagnetic Paleointensity, Liang Chen, David Heslop, Andrew P. Roberts, Liao Chang, Xiang Zhao, Helen V. Mcgregor, Gianluca Marino, Laura Rodriguez-Sanz, Eelco Rohling, Heiko Paelike

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Relative paleointensity (RPI) variations of Earth's magnetic field are widely used to understand geomagnetic field behavior and to develop age models for sedimentary sequences. RPI estimation is based on a series of assumptions. One key assumption that is rarely considered is that all magnetic particles in the sediment acquired a magnetization in an identical manner. In this paper, we test this assumption for sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that record well-documented global RPI variations over the last ∼780 kyr. The magnetization is carried by two stable single domain magnetic components, which we identify as magnetite magnetofossils and titanomagnetite …

Quantifying The Effects Of Land Use And Climate On Holocene Vegetation In Europe, Laurent Marquer, Marie Gaillard, Shinya Sugita, Anneli Poska, Anna Trondman, Florence Mazier, Anne Nielsen, Ralph Fyfe, Anna Jonsson, Benjamin Smith, Jed Kaplan, Teija Alenius, H Birks, Anne Bjune, Jorg Christiansen, John R. Dodson, Kevin Edwards, Thomas Giesecke, Ulrike Herzschuh, Mihkel Kangur, Tiiu Koff, Malgorzata Latalowa, Jutta Lechterbeck, Jorgen Olofsson, Heikki Seppa

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Early agriculture can be detected in palaeovegetation records, but quantification of the relative importance of climate and land use in influencing regional vegetation composition since the onset of agriculture is a topic that is rarely addressed. We present a novel approach that combines pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant cover with climate, anthropogenic land-cover and dynamic vegetation modelling results. This is used to quantify the relative impacts of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation at a sub-continental scale, i.e. northern and western Europe north of the Alps. We use redundancy analysis and variation partitioning to quantify the percentage of variation …

Understanding Early Later Stone Age Technology At A Landscape-Scale: Evidence From The Open-Air Locality Uitspankraal 7 (Upk7) In The Western Cape, South Africa, Marika Low, Alex Mackay, Natasha Phillips

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Understandings of past human behaviour in southern Africa are hampered by a site-based approach to prehistoric technological systems that relies on spatially isolated samples from one or a few key 'type-sites'. Lithic technological behaviour, however, was a landscape-scale process with raw material acquisition, reduction, transportation, use, maintenance and discard taking place at varied locations. This study takes a landscape approach to the investigation of Early Later Stone Age (ELSA) technology on the Doring River by exploring two points in what we believe to be one system. It compares data from an open-air lithic scatter from Uitspankraal 7 (UPK7) located on …

Buried Tools And Pigments Tell A New History Of Humans In Australia For 65,000 Years, Christopher Clarkson, Ben Marwick, Lynley A. Wallis, Richard Fullagar, Zenobia Jacobs

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The question of when people first arrived in Australia has been the subject of lively debate among archaeologists, and one with important consequences for the global story of human evolution. Australia is the end point of early modern human migration out of Africa, and sets the minimum age for the global dispersal of humans. This event was remarkable on many fronts, as it represented the largest maritime migration yet undertaken, the settlement of the driest continent on Earth, and required adaptation to vastly different flora and fauna. Although it is well known that anatomically modern humans were in Africa before …

Educating Students To Play The Publication Game, Kathryn M. Weston

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The rise and rise of predatory publishers (Beall, 2016) suggests the unwary in the research world are still being conned. Yet, for emerging researchers, this rogue behaviour is only one of the threats encountered when playing the 'publication game'

Phytochemical Studies On Two Australian Anigozanthos Plant Species, Rudi Hendra, Paul A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Phytochemical studies of two Australian Anigozanthos (kangaroo paw) species, A. rufus and A. pulcherrimus, resulted in the identification of 13 secondary metabolites. 2-Amino-6-O-p-coumarylheptanedioic acid (3) and chalcone-5′-O-(4-O-p-coumaryl)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) are reported as new compounds and are accompanied by nine flavonoids (2, 5−11,13) and two anthocyanins (1, 4). Compounds 1 and 4 were isolated as red solids from A. rufus and are likely responsible for the coloration of the flowers. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 showed weak antimicrobial activities against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 at concentrations of 52.4, 94.9, and 53.9 …

A Small Cohort Omega-3 Pufa Supplement Study: Implications Of Stratifying According To Lipid Membrane Incorporation In Cardiac Surgical Patients, Wendy T. K Ip, Chanchal Chandramouli, Julian A. Smith, Peter L. Mclennan, Salvatore Pepe, Lea M. D Delbridge

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Epidemiological studies and randomised clinical trials (RCTs) report disparate findings in relation to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) benefit for cardiac patients. With RCTs interpretation is potentially confounded by background n-3 PUFA intake. The goal of this pilot, small cohort, pre-surgical supplementation study was to evaluate post-operative atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiac molecular expression profiles employing two data analysis approaches - by treatment randomisation and by stratification using measured n-3 PUFA. Methods: Patients (n=20) received 3g/day of fish or placebo oil (FO vs PO) in a double blind randomised protocol prior to elective coronary artery graft and valve …

Experiencing And Responding To Everyday Weather In Darwin, Australia: The Important Role Of Tolerance, Eliza R. De Vet

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Climates are changing, yet the everyday implications for societies and cultures are unclear. Until recently, weather and climate (change) have been largely represented quantitatively and discussed at broad spatial and social scales. Qualitative weather research is helping to reconnect weather with its diverse local meanings and to explain how climate change may alter future representational and behavioral understands of weather (herein called ''weather-relations'') in the hope of furthering climate change action. Responding to the need for greater research into weather-relations, particularly in industrialized urban areas, this paper examines the role of weather in everyday life in tropical Darwin, Australia. It …

Algal Supplementation Of Vegetarian Eating Patterns Improves Plasma And Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations And Omega-3 Indices: A Systematic Literature Review, Joel Craddock, Elizabeth Neale, Yasmine Probst, Gregory E. Peoples

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Vegetarians are likely to have lower intakes of preformed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than omnivorous populations who consume fish and animal products. As such, vegetarian populations have omega-3 indices up to 60% lower than those who consume marine products. Algae, the primary producer of DHA in the marine food chain, offer an alternative source of DHA for those who do not consume marine or animal products. This systematic review aims to examine the evidence for the relationship between supplementation with algal forms of DHA and increased DHA concentrations in vegetarian populations. The SCOPUS, Science Direct and Web of Science scientific databases …

Changes In Medical Education To Help Physicians Meet Future Health Care Needs, Judith N. Hudson, Kathryn M. Weston, Elizabeth Farmer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Health care needs are changing due to the rapidly ageing population and the increasing number of patients with long term conditions and comorbidities.1 This has occurred at a time of continuing maldistribution of the medical workforce in Australia and increased specialisation and subspecialisation within the medical profession and the medical education system. As the next generation of doctors will need to serve an older population and those with more than one condition, a more useful focus would be "much less on narrow disease silos and . more on the breadth of possible permutations of co-morbidity". 1 Long periods of training …

Glyoxal Yield From Isoprene Oxidation And Relation To Formaldehyde: Chemical Mechanism, Constraints From Senex Aircraft Observations, And Interpretation Of Omi Satellite Data, Christopher C. Miller, Daniel J. Jacob, Eloise A. Marais, Karen Yu, Katherine R. Travis, Patrick S. Kim, Jenny A. Fisher, Lei Zhu, Glenn M. Wolfe, Frank N. Keutsch, Jennifer Kaiser, Kyung-Eun Min, Steven S. Brown, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Gonzalo Abad, Kelly Chance

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is produced in the atmosphere by oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It is measurable from space by solar backscatter along with formaldehyde (HCHO), another oxidation product of VOCs. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is the dominant source of CHOCHO and HCHO in most of the world. We use aircraft observations of CHOCHO and HCHO from the SENEX campaign over the Southeast US in summer 2013 to better understand the time-dependent yields from isoprene oxidation, their dependences on nitrogen oxides (NO_x ≡ NO + NO₂), the behaviour of the CHOCHO-HCHO relationship, the quality of OMI satellite …

Investigating The Performance Of A Greenhouse Gas Observatory In Hefei, China, Wei Wang, Yuan Tian, Cheng Liu, Youwen Sun, Wenqing Liu, Pinhua Xie, Jianguo Liu, Jin Xu, Isamu Morino, Voltaire A. Velazco, David W. T Griffith, Justus Notholt, Thorsten Warneke

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) station has been established in Hefei, China to remotely measure CO₂, CO and other greenhouse gases based on near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Total column measurements of atmospheric CO₂ and CO were successfully obtained from July 2014 to April 2016. The spectra collected with an InSb detector in the first year were compared with those collected by an InGaAs detector from July 2015, demonstrating that InGaAs spectra have better signal-to-noise ratios and rms of spectral fitting residuals relative to InSb spectra. Consequently, the measurement precision of the retrieved XCO₂ and …

Human Occupation Of Northern Australia By 65,000 Years Ago, Christopher Clarkson, Zenobia Jacobs, Ben Marwick, Richard Fullagar, Lynley A. Wallis, Mike A. Smith, Richard G. Roberts, Elspeth H. Hayes, Kelsey M. Lowe, Xavier Carah

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The time of arrival of people in Australia is an unresolved question. It is relevant to debates about when modern humans first dispersed out of Africa and when their descendants incorporated genetic material from Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins. Humans have also been implicated in the extinction of Australia's megafauna. Here we report the results of new excavations conducted at Madjedbebe, a rock shelter in northern Australia. Artefacts in primary depositional context are concentrated in three dense bands, with the stratigraphic integrity of the deposit demonstrated by artefact refits and by optical dating and other analyses of the sediments. …

Oxazolidinones And 2,5-Dihydrofurans Via Zinc-Catalyzed Regioselective Allenylation Reactions Of L-Α-Amino Aldehydes, Farzad Zamani, Stephen G. Pyne, Christopher J. T Hyland

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The simultaneous control of diastereoselectivity and regioselectivity in Zn-catalyzed allenylation reactions of N-protected L-α-amino aldehydes is reported. A reversal in diastereoselectivity could be realized by variation of the α-amino aldehyde protecting groups. A range of 1-allenyl-2-amino alcohols were obtained with excellent regioselectivity and converted to oxazolidinones and dihydrofurans. Many of which could be isolated as single diastereoisomers and without significant erosion of ee, making this a practical catalytic synthesis of highly functionalized heterocycles.

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Compounds Isolated From The Twig Extracts Of Maclura Fruticosa, Isaraporn Polbuppha, Wisanu Maneerat, Tawanun Sripisut, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, Sarot Cheenpracha, Stephen G. Pyne, Chatchai Muanprasat, Sawinee Seemakhan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Surat Laphookhieo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The first phytochemical investigation of the twig extracts of Maclura fruticosa led to the isolation and identification of a new xanthone, maclurafruticosone (1), together with 14 known compounds (2-15). All compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods as well as through comparisons made with data reported in the literature. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. Compound 4, 6 and 7 showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals with IC₅₀ values ranging from 7.45-16.12 μM. Compound 4 also exhibited potent activity against ABTS^•+ scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.55 ± …