Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Attitudes Toward Caring For Older Adults Among Undergraduate Nursing Students At A Public University In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Azera Hasra Ismail, Siti Zuhaida Hussein, Aslina Mohamed Yasi, Nurul Izzati Ishak, Nurul Nazira Mohd Yazar, Nur Syafiqah Sabri

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The growing number of elderly members of the population is expected to increase the demand for more dedicated nursing students committed to providing excellent care. This study aims to determine prevailing attitudes toward the care of older adults among undergraduate nursing students at a public university in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 107 undergraduate nursing students enrolled at a public university in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The students were recruited using stratified random sampling. The respondents’ attitudes toward caring for older adults were measured using 14 items from the Geriatrics Attitudes Scale …

Factors Associated With Postacute Covid-19 Syndrome Among Patients In Malaysia, Ahtheemathurra Ballasingam, Farida Islahudin, Siti Azdiah Abdul Aziz, Mohd Makmor-Bakry

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Post-acute COVID-19 is known to affect multiple organs. It is essential to determine factors that affect post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and medications needed by patients for optimized care.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among patients recruited by stratified sampling from two COVID-19 hospitals in Malaysia. Patients were followed up for 6 months using a standard questionnaire to identify demographics, symptoms, medications taken, and factors associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

Results: A total of 388 were successfully followed up. The most frequently reported symptom was respiratory symptoms (N = 168, 43.30%), of which cough (N = …

Influenza Prevalence And Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Kiran Ganesh Balakrishnan, Mohd Rizal Abd Manaf, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Mohd Kamarul Imran Musa, Azizul Rahman Mohamad Jamil, Norhaslira Abdul Rahim, Umi Kalsom Satariah Ali, Rahman Jamal

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Influenza infection can lead to mortality and morbidity. In densely populated Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) is high. This study assessed the prevalence and epidemiology of influenza in the target population.

Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample study was conducted in government clinics of Cheras, Malaysia, from November 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. Consent was sought from patients older than 18 years with symptoms of ILI (fever, cough, and onset within 10 days). A nasopharyngeal swab preceded an influenza rapid test. Logistic regression was used in SPSS 22.0 to evaluate the data.

Results …

Age, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity And Quality Of Life In Turkish Pregnant Woman With And Without A Diagnosis Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Study, Yaren Nur Tayyar, Hatice Kahyaoglu Sut

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: This study aimed to examine and compare the age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and quality of life (QOL) of third-trimester Turkish pregnant women with and without a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A comparative study was conducted in the obstetrics clinic of a university hospital in Turkey, and it included 210 women (GDM women = 105 and non-GDM women = 105). Personal Information Form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ), and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Short Form-Turkish (WHOQOL-Bref-TR) were used.

Results: The age and BMI of GDM women were higher …

Item Generation In The Development Of A Questionnaire For Predicting Multidrug Therapy Compliance In Leprosy, Yulia Siskawati, Sali Rahadi Asih, Aria Kekalih, Sri Linuwih Menaldi, Herqutanto Herqutanto, Kusmarinah Bramono

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia

Background: Lengthy therapeutic regimens in leprosy are prone to defaults, contributing to more antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium. Intervening patients’ medical habits midway would be more complicated than understanding their perception of undergoing such regimens in advance. We study the factors considered relevant to leprosy patients’ compliance to construct a novel self-reporting questionnaire that can predict the patients’ adherence before initiating multidrug therapy.

Methods: According to the Delphi methods, we conducted three rounds of interviews with twenty-three respondents from various backgrounds, including dermatologists, government officials, healthcare workers, and patients with leprosy, to infer the associated factors of the included items. Each …

Promoting Health Improvement Of Indonesian Migrant Workers And Their Children In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mitoriana Porusia, Listiana Masyita Dewi, Dewi Pertiwi Dyah Kusudaryati, Yuli Widyastuti, Lia Kicky Mahmudi, Wulan Prasesti, Fahwa Nyssa Insyiroh, Niken Diah Haryanti, Muhammad Fathan Nuralam, Nastiti Farasvita Putri, Miranda Azahra, Rafif Ryandra Izdhihar, Zulia Setiyaningrum, Siti Sabariah Buhari

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

This article discusses the health promotion program among Indonesian migrant workers and their children living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, aiming for a better awareness of their health condition. In particular, this article describes and analyzes the community engagement program in Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur (SIKL) and Muhammadiyah Malaysia (PCIM) to provide health education and screening. Based on the preliminary study, Indonesian migrant workers and their families have limited access to healthcare facilities and programs. The program covers topics such as healthy reproduction and sexual vigilance for the youth, well-being and healthy lifestyles, as well as the importance

of basic health …

Foreword From Editor - 14th Edition, Yandi Andri Yatmo

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

This edition of AJCE brings together discussions on the various roles and effectiveness of research and community engagement programs in strengthening local identity, developing skills, and enhancing quality of life towards a resilient society. Expanding such roles, this issue consists of four research articles, one review article, and three case-based articles. The authors of this edition emerge from the background of language, engineering, economy, policy, education, and health, providing different outlooks and methods in overseeing the processes of community-related programs.

Dwelling Quality Assessment During Covid-19 Pandemic Self Isolation In East Jakarta, Aisyah Arimurti Afandi

Cities and Urban Development Journal

Background: The government encouraged public health protection with self isolation policy as an effort to control Covid-19 on a wide scale and prevent an increase in occupation rate on health service facilities in order to quickly and effectively handling confirmed cases of Covid-19. Dwelling quality is a significant factor to ensure that self isolation can be carried out effectively since it is stated in public health theory that one of the factors that influences

a person's health status is dwelling quality.

Aims: This research aims to assess dwelling quality where self-isolation being carried out during Covid-19 in East Jakarta. …

Relation Of Salivary Alpha-Amylase (Saa) Concentration To Fatigue Biomarkers In Palm Oil Office Workers In Jambi Province: Preliminary Study, David Kusmawan, Willia Novita Eka Rini, Wahyu Indah Dewi Aurora

Makara Journal of Science

The salivary α-amylase (sAA) concentration has a potential role as a biological indicator of occupational fatigue. This study aimed to determine the levels of sAA and its influencing factors. This research used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 40 office staff respondents at PT. X (Persero). Mental workload (MWL), sleep quality, and occupational fatigue were measured using the NASA-Total Load Index (TLX), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Industrial Fatigue Research Committee, respectively. Meanwhile, the basic sAA levels was measured through the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using the Bioenzy® Kit Assay. Descriptive analysis showed that the workers were mostly …

System Safety Assessment Of The Warehouse Operation Using Functional Resonance Analysis Method And Resilience Analysis Grid, Adithya Sudiarno, Ahmad Murtaja Dzaky Ma’Arij

Kesmas

This study applied the perspective of Safety-II using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and the Resilience Analysis Grid (RAG) to analyze safety in warehouse operations from a system perspective. FRAM was used to emphasize what caused things to go right, with the findings highlighting higher performance and safety variability occurring in activities that require multiple individual or group efforts. RAG was used to assess the organization’s potentialto handle unexpected occurrences, identify the potential resilience of the warehouse in its daily activities, and evaluate the ability to maintain flow and workersafety based on four pillars of resilience. The assessment resulted …

Editorial: The Public Health Scholars As The Health Leaders, Al Asyary, Meita Veruswati, Putri Bungsu Machmud, Indri Hapsari Susilowati

Kesmas

1. Achmadi UF. Kesehatan Masyarakat: Teori dan Aplikasi. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers; 2014.

2. Asyary A. Editorial. Kesmas. 2023; 18 (Special Issue 1): 1-3. DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v18isp1.7201

3. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. Pembangunan Kesehatan di Indonesia melalui Kesinambungan Finansial Jaminan Kesehatan serta Meningkatkan Kualitas Layanan dengan Integrasi Data. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2023.

Development And Validation Of Perception Of Seating Ergonomics Questionnaire: A Study On Klang Valley Drivers In Malaysia, Choy Min Yap, Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi, Dzalani Harun, Wen Xin Lim

Kesmas

Driving is an instrumental activity of daily living that has become an essential mode of transportation. Good ergonomic practices are vital to ensure successful driving. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire that could be used to determine how personal, environmental, and occupational factors influence drivers' perceptions of seating ergonomics. This cross-sectional study was conducted in June-July 2022 among 250 drivers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, recruited via an online survey. The participants completed the questionnaire by assessing different constructs in the Person-Environment-Occupationmodel and perceptions of seating ergonomics. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted, followed by a path …

Evaluation Of Solid Medical Waste Management In Bogor Regional Public Hospitals, Silvia Khansa, Agustin Kusumayati, Dewi Susanna, Uli Tiarma Sinaga

Kesmas

Healthcare facilities generate medical waste. If not properly managed, medical waste may damage the environment and spread diseases. Many hospitals in Indonesia do not adhere to medical waste management regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the management of solid medical waste at four public hospitals in Bogor District, Indonesia. A case study design was used to obtain a comprehensive description of the solid medical waste management activities inthe hospitals. Data were collected through direct observations, interviews, and document reviews. This study revealed that the medical waste generated in allhospitals was infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and cytotoxic, totaling approximately 4,000-12,000 kg. …

Role Of Partner And Health Workers On Modern Contraceptive Use Among Married/In-Union Women In Uzbekistan, Supriatin Supriatin, Mohamed Rifky, Muhammad Uzair Khan, Lili Amaliah, Marlynda Happy Nurmalita Sari, Eko Budi Santoso, Indra Ruswandi, Maretalinia Maretalinia, Linda Suwarni

Kesmas

Many factors contribute to the declining total fertility rate, including family planning programs. The successful implementation of the family planning method might be influenced by how the decision to choose a contraceptive method was made. This study aimed to examine the correlation between family planning decision-makers and modern contraceptive use among married/in-union women of reproductive age in Uzbekistan. The 2021-2022 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was used by selecting only married/in-union women of reproductive age of 15 to 49 years, totaling 2,794 eligible samples. The modern family planning use variables were divided into not using, using Long-Acting Contraceptives (LAC), and Short-Acting …

Development Of An Evidence-Based Tool To Assess The Relative Vulnerability Of Different Communities To Tuberculosis, Slamet Isworo, Sri Handayani, Reece Hinchcliff, Zainal Arifin Hasibuan

Kesmas

Identifying specific tuberculosis (TB) vulnerabilities in populations based on their geographical, demographic, and epidemiological characteristics is anessential yet challenging requirement to help reduce and eliminate TB. Assessment tools that can accurately quantify the risks associated with key factorscould be used to measure TB vulnerability efficiently and indicate the most appropriate range of interventions. This study aimed to develop TB vulnerability assessment tools based on a TB vulnerability assessment conceptual framework developed with Leximancer. Three steps to produce the tools were facetanalysis, interpreting the facet to create a list of questions, and expert judgment to confirm the suitability of the questionnaire. …

The Effect Of Fluid Overload Control Program On Knowledge And Behavior Among Caregivers Of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients On Hemodialysis, Kanyanat Ummee, Kittipan Rerkkasem, Jukkrit Wungrath

Kesmas

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a pressing health issue, and patients on hemodialysis frequently grapple with fluid overload. In Chiang Mai, Thailand, from September to November 2022, this study was conducted to assess the impact of an educational program on the knowledge and behavior of caregivers managing fluid overload in ESRD patients. Using a quasi-intervention design, participants were categorized into two groups: the intervention group, which underwent the educational intervention, and the control group, which continued with standard care. The educational content was grounded in existing studiesand insights from healthcare professionals, caregivers, and patients. Post-intervention results revealed a significant enhancement …

Social Media Use Behavior And Social Media Disorder Among Faculty Of Public Health Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Tiara Amelia, Ulfi Hida Zainita, Evi Martha

Kesmas

Excessive use of social media can lead to vulnerability to social media disorder, which is significantly related to the trend of mental health problems among college students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of social media disorder among college students and to determine the relationship between the number of social media accounts, the total duration of social media use, and social media disorder. This cross-sectional study collected data through an online survey of 201 college students from the class of 2021 in the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia. This study used the Social Media Disorder scaleand univariate and …

Comparison Of Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Multisystem Health Symptoms Among Workers In The Gas Station Area, Thailand, Chan Pattama Polyong, Anamai Thetkathuek

Kesmas

This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the prevalence of multisystem health symptoms (MHS) of workers in gas station areas before and after their employment and examine the factors affecting the MHS of workers. Data were collected by an interview questionnaire from 200 workers inside and outside refueling areas at eight gas stations in Rayong Province, Thailand. This study found that employees had a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of current MHS in comparison to before starting work (p-value<0.05), with 31.5%. Working overtime for more than 6 hours per week led to respiratory symptoms (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.14–6.07) and psychological symptoms (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.12–6.49). Wearing respiratory protective equipment for less than three hours affected ear/throat/nose systems (OR = 4.26, 95% CI = 1.43–12.65). Petrol refueling resulted in liver (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.4–12.65) and eye symptoms (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.10–5.39). Therefore, gas station owners should set up enclosed rooms to reduce the duration of fuel exposure, and workers should wear personal protective equipment when refueling or near the dispenser.

Risk Factors Of Worsening Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus In Patients At Two Tertiary Hospitals In Jakarta, Giri Aji, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Ratna Djuwita, Sukamto Sukamto

Kesmas

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical multiorgan autoimmune disease with a fluctuating and chronic disease course. As an emerging disease in this century, SLE will burden stakeholders and the country. This study was conducted to determine the prognostic factors for SLE worsening, especially in ambulatory patients. This ambispective study used logistic regression to view the risk factors for worsening SLE in patients. Anemia, age, body mass index, education level, employment status, marital status, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressants were the independent variables in this study. This study concludes that anemia is statistically significant and, therefore, a risk factor for worsening SLE …

Effects Of Early Hospital-Based Palliative Care Consultation On Length Of Stay And Costs Of Care At Indonesian Tertiary Hospital, Rudi Putranto, Hamzah Shatri, Wulyo Rajabto, Sumariyono Sumariyono, Edward Faisal, Sihwastuti Sihwastuti

Kesmas

Despite the numerous benefits of palliative care for cancer patients, there have been few studies on palliative care services for terminal cancer patients, particularly near the end of life. This study aimed to evaluate whether there were differences in length of stay and cost of care associated with how early or late a patient received palliative care intervention. Another objective was to compare the length of stay and cost of care of those who received palliative care intervention and those who did not. This study used a cohort retrospective design at Hospital A, Jakarta, Indonesia, from January to December 2019. …

Analysis Of Climate And Environmental Risk Factors On Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence In Bogor District, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Tria Rahmawati, Al Asyary, Fajar Nugraha

Kesmas

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and is still becoming endemic in Bogor District. This quantitative correlation study with an ecological approach aimed to analyze how DHF incidence is influenced by climate factors, population density, Larvae Free Rate (LFR), and the area altitude factor. Secondary data were obtained from the Bogor Regency Health Office; the Central Bureau of Statistics of Bogor District; and the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency. In this study, the spatial analysis method was also used, but only on the area altitude factor. The study’s results showed …

Maternal Factors Influencing Postpartum Depression In Indonesia, Nurhalina Sari, Nova Muhani, Friska Novira Maya Dewi

Kesmas

The estimated prevalence of postpartum depression differs in developed and developing countries. Due to the increasing number of cases in developing countries like Indonesia, postpartum depression has become a serious issue. This study aimed to identify factors influencing postpartum depression in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, in 2023 using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale instrument. This study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 251 respondents, selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using a purposive sampling technique. The multiple logistic regression results indicated that women with abortion records had a three times higher risk (95% CI = 1.394–7.648; p-value …

Workload And Stress Level In Non-Covid-19 Zoning Nurses At National Central Public Hospital Jakarta, Zakiyah Zakiyah, Ulfah Nuraini Karim, Aliana Dewi, Siti Nuraini, Aan Sutandi, Rony Darmawansyah Alnur

Kesmas

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the workload for nurses directly handling COVID-19 patients and those working in non-COVID-19 zones. As the number of COVID-19 cases rises, nurses face psychological problems, including stress. This study aimed to determine the relationship between workload and stress levels in a non-COVID-19 zoning ward using a cross-sectional approach and Spearman’s correlation test conducted on 94 nurses at one hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia, selected through simple random sampling. The workload questionnaire with 15 items and the DASS 42 questionnaire were used to measure stress levels. The results indicated that most nurses (73.4%) experienced a heavy workload. …

Development Of A Medication Compliance Determinant Instrument For Low-Middle Literate Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Ivans Panduwiguna, Rani Sauriasari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Woro Riyadina, Fransiskus Samuel Renaldi

Kesmas

Diabetes, a leading cause of 6.7 million deaths in 2021, poses a significant challenge despite existing interventions. Non-adherence to treatment remains a barrier to diabetes management. However, a comprehensive instrument to assess medication adherence determinants in diabetes patients’ population in Indonesia with low-medium literacy levels and following the sociocultural characteristics of Indonesian society has been lacking. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a valid and reliable instrument for measuring medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on the Borg and Gall model. Through the input of an expert panel, a valid and reliable instrument was developed, which …

A Qualitative Exploration Of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices Among Karen Ethnicity Mothers In Northern Thailand Remote Rural Areas, Wanchalerm Ritthimon, Aksara Thongprachum, Jukkrit Wungrath

Kesmas

Low exclusive breastfeeding rates among the Karen ethnic group in Northern Thailand's remote rural areas underscore the need to understand knowledge, attitudes, and social support to develop targeted interventions. This qualitative study examined exclusive breastfeeding practices and the factors influencing breastfeeding behavior among 14 Karen Ethnicity Mothers (KEMs) in Northern Thailand. A structured interview was used to collect the data, a triangular method to determine the data's validity, and a content analysis method to examine the data revealed seven themes and 14 subthemes. This study identified three key factors for successful breastfeeding: self-motivation, social support, and effective problem management, which …

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors And Sociodemographic Characteristics Among Medical Students In Indonesia During The New Normal Era: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sharren Shera Vionnetta, Tommy Nugroho Tanumihardja, Kevin Kristian

Kesmas

This study aimed to identify medical students’ healthy lifestyle behaviors during the new normal era and to determine its relationship with sociodemographic factors, bearing in mind that, as future physicians and health role models, medical students play an important role in adopting and promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce the risk of future health problems as well as optimize communities’ health status. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences of Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, with 111 medical students selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using sociodemographic characteristics (sex, residence, year of …

Knowledge, Awareness, And Perceived Barriers Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Among Bangladeshi Women Suffering From Cervical Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study, Muhammed Mohibul Islam, Farhana Sultana, Md Hasan Shahriar Rahman, Nandita Islam Pia, Md. Al Hasibuzzaman, Arman Ahmed, Mohammed Shamim Hasan, Md Kayes Mahmud, Rabeya Akter, Md. Saqline Mostaq, Mohammad Nurul Amin

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and perceived barriers regarding cervical cancer screening among women in Bangladesh.

Methods: A hospital-based survey was conducted from January to April 2021 among 200 female participants. Statistical analysis of this study was performed by using Stata 13 (StataCorp LP, 4905 Lakeway Drive, College Station, TX 77845, USA), where Chi-square test was used for the determination of the correlation among different variables.

Results: Among the participants, 86.5% were rural residents, 96% were married, 87.5% were housewives, 47% were uneducated, and 93.5% lived on a husband’s income. Moreover, 84.5% hadn’t …

Evaluation Of Self-Confidence In Women With Chronic Disease, Sebahat Atalıkoğlu Başkan, Sevinç Kose Tuncer, Demet Güneş

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Self-confidence, which is an important emotional need in women, affects women's quality of life. This research was conducted to evaluate the self-confidence of women with chronic diseases.

Methods: This study was conducted at the internal medicine clinic of Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between August 2019 and June 2020. The sample consisted of 339 female patients with chronic diseases who agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using information form and the Women’s Self-Confidence Scale.

Results: The mean total score of the participants was 136.40 ± 24.92. …

Related Factors With Self-Management Behaviors Among Patients With Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Study In Myanmar, Yoon Zarchi Wint, Jiraporn Lininger, Sirirat Leelacharas

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Self-management behavior is key to managing patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is effective in slowing disease progression in impoverished Burmese patients with CKD. This study aimed to outline the association of personal and environmental factors with the self-management behaviors of people with predialysis CKD.

Methods: Using convenience sampling, this cross-sectional study included 84 individuals with predialysis CKD from two private hospitals in Myanmar. The interviewer-administered questionnaire included demographic information, the Health Literacy Short Form-12, the CKD knowledge questionnaire, the self-efficacy questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the self-management behavior questionnaire. This …

Risk Factors Associated With Occupational Stress Among Malaysian Construction Professionals, Nur Syafiqah Fauzan, Nur Alia Farahanin Mohd Tajuddin, Neroshini Thanarejee, Dayana Hazwani Mohd Suadi Nata, Ezrin Hani Sukadarin, Mirta Widia

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Construction industries that focus on project-based nature, pressure, and long hours may lead to job-related stress among workers. In many emerging nations, robust economic growth plans generate occupational depression, anxiety, and stress among construction industry personnel. This study aims to determine the relationship between these items and the risk factors (demographic) among Malaysian construction professionals.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 173 Malaysian construction professionals. A DASS-21 questionnaire is used to survey eligible respondents.

Results: Findings show that construction professionals have a high level of stress (54.9%), anxiety (48.5%), and depression (37%). Gender is …