Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Simple Technique For Chromosome Preparation From Embryonic Tissues Of Teleosts For Ploidy Verification, Pradeep P. J., Srijaya T. C., Rosnah Binti Zain, Papini A., Chatterji A. K.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

The modified preparation technique developed in the present study has provided an excellent chromosome metaphase spread from the whole body of larvae of the red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) X Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Unlike other chromosome preparation methods, this modified technique showed a reduction in cell loss while suspending cells during the dropping process. This modified technique can therefore be widely applied not only to various tilapias but also to other teleostean fishes for preparing chromosome spreads. The best treatment parameters for preparing good chromosome spreads from red hybrid tilapia were optimized as 0.01% concentration of colchicine …

Structural And Compositional Characterization Of Silverfil Amalgam, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

SilverFil (Silverfildental Products, Malaysia) is another commercially available dental amalgam; however it is based on silver and mercury only. It is claimed that upon amalgamation, there is no excess mercury in SilverFil. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the structural state and chemical composition of the starting materials and presence of mercury in the resulting amalgam. Methods: All the starting materials of SilverFil and the SilverFil amalgam specimens were characterize using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Results: The FESEM images of the amalgam shows silver-mercury (Ag-Hg) clusters. The …

Decompression Of Inferior Alveolar Nerve: Case Report Comment, W.C. Ngeow

Wei Cheong Ngeow

Paresthesia as a result of mechanical trauma is one of the most frequent sensory disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve. This case report describes surgical treatment for paresthesia caused by a compressive phenomenon within the mandibular canal. The cause of the compression, a broken instrument left in the patient's mouth during previous endodontic therapy, was identified during routine radiography and computed tomography. Once the foreign object was removed by surgery, the paresthesia resolved quickly. This case highlights the potential for an iatrogenic mechanical cause of paresthesia.

Fracture Resistance Of Endodontically Teeth Restored With Functionally Graded Posts, Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

Objectives: To evaluate the fracture resistance and failure mode of endodontically teeth restored with functionally graded structured (FGS) posts compared to titanium and cast posts. Methods: Single canals in 70 bovine incisors were instrumented, irrigated, obturated and divided into seven groups. They were then root restored with titanium, cast and 3 experimental FGS posts of different compositions; ZrO2-Ti-HA, Al2O3-Ti-HA and Ti-HA. Two control groups were also included; sound teeth and those root treated only. All posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement and built up with composite core. Crowns margins of 1 mm chamfer finishing line were prepared to receive …

3d-Fe Analysis Of Functionally Graded Structured Dental Posts, Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

This study aimed to compare the biomechanical behaviour of functionally graded structured posts (FGSPs) and homogenous-type posts in simulated models of a maxillary central incisor. Two models of FGSPs consisting of a multilayer xTi-yHA composite design, where zirconia and alumina was added as the first layer for models A and B respectively were compared to homogenous zirconia post (model C) and a titanium post (model D). The amount of Ti and HA in the FGSP models was varied in gradations. 3D-FEA was performed on all models and stress distributions were investigated along the dental post. In addition, interface stresses between …

Valproic Acid: Growth Inhibition Of Head And Neck Cancer By Induction Of Terminal Differentiation And Senescence, Gan C. P., Hamid S., Hor S. Y., Rosnah Binti Zain, Ismail S. M., Mustafa W. M. W., Teo S. H., Saunders N., Cheong S. C.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Background: There are limited studies on the effects of drugs that modulate epigenetic regulation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study determined the effect of valproic acid (VPA) on HNSCC. Methods: Growth inhibition effects of VPA alone or in combination with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was evaluated with MTT and clonogenic assays on 5 HNSCC cell lines. The mechanism of growth inhibition was investigated by looking at markers of terminal differentiation and senescence. Results: Growth inhibition profiles of HNSCC cell lines varied in response to VPA. Inhibition of clonogenic survival in response to VPA …

Intercountry Prevalences And Practices Of Betel-Quid Use In South, Southeast And Eastern Asia Regions And Associated Oral Preneoplastic Disorders: An International Collaborative Study By Asian Betel-Quid Consortium Of South And East Asia, Lee C. H., Ko A. M. S., Warnakulasuriya S., Yin B. L., Rosnah Binti Zain, Ibrahim S. O., Liu Z. W., Li W. H., Zhang S. S., Utomo B., Rajapakse P. S., Warusavithana S. A., Abdul Razak I., Abdullah N., Shrestha P., Kwan A. L., Shieh T. Y., Chen M. K., Ko Y. C.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Health risks stemming from betel-quid (BQ) chewing are frequently overlooked by people. Updated epidemiological data on the increased BQ use among Asian populations using comparable data collection methods have not been widely available. To investigate the prevalence, patterns of practice and associated types of oral preneoplastic disorders, an intercountry Asian Betel-quid Consortium study (the ABC study) was conducted for Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. A random sample of 8,922 subjects was recruited, and the data were analyzed using survey-data modules adjusted for the complex survey design. Chewing rates among men (10.7-43.6%) were significantly higher than women …

Human Platelet Lysate Permits Scale-Up Of Dental Pulp Stromal Cells For Clinical Applications, Govindasamy V., Ronald V. S., Abdullah A. N. B., Ganesan Nathan K. R., Aziz Z. A. C. A., Abdullah M., Rosnah Binti Zain, Kasim N. H. A., Musa S., Bhonde R. R.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Background aims. Dental pulp stromal cells (DPSC) are considered to be a promising source of stem cells in the field of regenerative therapy. However, the usage of DPSC in transplantation requires large-scale expansion to cater for the need for clinical quantity without compromising current good manufacturing practice (cGMP). Existing protocols for cell culturing make use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a nutritional supplement. Unfortunately, FBS is an undesirable additive to cells because it carries the risk of transmitting viral and prion diseases. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of human platelet lysate (HPL) as a …

Advancing Oral Medicine Through Informatics And Information Technology: A Proposed Framework And Strategy, Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

The implementation of information technology in healthcare is a significant focus for many nations around the world. However, information technology support for clinical care, research and education in oral medicine is currently poorly developed. This situation hampers our ability to transform oral medicine into a 'learning healthcare discipline' in which the divide between clinical practice and research is diminished and, ultimately, eliminated. This paper reviews the needs of and requirements for information technology support of oral medicine and proposes an agenda designed to meet those needs. For oral medicine, this agenda includes analyzing and reviewing current clinical and documentation practices, …

Optimization Of Microencapsulation Process For Self-Healing Polymeric Material, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

A series of poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules filled with dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) was successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. The effect of diverse process parameters and ingredients on the morphology of the microcapsules was observed by SEM, optical microscopy (OM) and digital microscopy. Different techniques for the characterization of the chemical structure and the core content were considered such as FT-IR and (1)H-NMR as well as the characterization of thermal properties by DSC. High yields of free flowing powder of spherical microcapsules were produced. The synthesized microcapsules can be incorporated into another polymeric host material. In the event the host material cracks …

Effect Of Low-Dose Aspirin Or Calcium Supplementation On The Incidence Of Pre-Eclampsia Among Pregnant Women, Philadelphia University

Philadelphia University, Jordan

No abstract provided.

Thermo-Mechanical Stress In Multilayered Dental Post Due To Temperature Gradient, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Objective: To analyse thermo-mechanical stress in endodontically treated teeth restored with Multilayered Structured Dental Posts (MSDPs) under cold and hot conditions using Finite Element Analysis (FEM). Methods: Three MSDPs of multilayer design of xTi-yHA composition added to a zirconia layer (model A), an alumina layer (model B) and a titanium layer (model C) were compared with zirconia (model D) and titanium (model E) posts. The fractions of Ti and HA was varied gradually. Changes in temperature of an endodontically restored tooth model were calculated as a result of hot and cold response. The resulting thermo-mechanical stresses were analysed and compared …

Genetic Polymorphisms And Risk Of Oral Cancer, Zaini Z. M., Karen-Ng L. P., Cheong S. C., Gurdeep S. M., Yuen K. M., Tay K. K., Jalil N., Ismail S. M., Jallaluddin A., Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Objectives: This study was done to investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) within genes of phase I (CYP1A1) and phase II (GSTM1, GSTT1,GSTP1) of the xenobiotic metabolism and its association with oral cancer risk.Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted using 207 newly diagnosed oral cancer patients and 117 non-cancer subjects selected from the OCRCC database. Peripheral blood was obtained from consented individuals and the CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme digestion (RFLP). Simple and multiple logistic regression yielding odds ratio (OR and aOR) were employed to measure the …

Hydroxyl-Terminated Poly(Urethane Acrylate) As A Soft Liner In Dental Applications: Synthesis And Characterization, Selda Keskin

ABSTRACT: Hydroxyl-terminated poly(urethane acrylate) s were synthesized for use in biomedical applications. Acrylate end capping via an interesterification reaction was successfully achieved with methacryloyl chloride addition to the hydroxyl ends of the polyurethane at low temperatures. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexane diisocyanate, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate were used as diisocyanates for urethane synthesis, and they were end-capped with methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The nature of the monomers that we used had an effect on the thermal and morphological properties that were interpreted in terms of the level of hydrogen bonding and the degree of phase separation. The synthesized polymers were characterized …

A New Multilayer Composite With Functionally Graded Design For Endodontic Application., Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

Multilayer composite with FG structure were fabricated using zirconia (ZrO), alumina (AI2O3), Hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium (Ti) micropowders. Powder selection and their combination in each layer were according to the results of finite element analysis.

Is There A "Safety Zone" In The Mandibular Premolar Region Where Damage To The Mental Nerve Can Be Avoided If Periapical Extrusion Occurs?, W.C. Ngeow

Wei Cheong Ngeow

The mandibular premolars are located close to the mental foramina (Fig. 1). As such, various events affecting these teeth, such as odontogenic infection1 and orthodontic, endodontic, periodontal or surgical misadventure, may result in neurosensory disturbance of the mental nerves.2-4 In one retrospective study, the incidence of mental paresthesia resulting from periapical infection or pathology was 0.96%. In another 0.24% of cases in the same study, mental paresthesia was a complication of root canal treatment (caused by severe overfill in one case and iatrogenic perforation of mechanical instrumentation through the root and into the mental nerve in the second case).1 The …

Transcriptional Profiling Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples, Saleh A., Rosnah Binti Zain, Hussaini H., Ng F., Tanavde V., Hamid S., Chow A. T., Lim G. S., Abraham M. T., Teo S. H., Cheong S. C.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Despite the advances in cancer treatment, the 5-year survival rate for oral cancer has not changed significantly for the past 40 years and still remains among the worst of all anatomic sites. Gene expression microarrays have been used successfully in the identification of genetic alterations in cancer development, however, these have hitherto been limited by the need for specimens with good quality intact RNA. Here, we demonstrated the use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in microarray experiments to identify genes differentially expressed between cancerous and normal oral tissues. Forty-three tissue samples were macrodissected and gene expression analyses were conducted using the …

Identification Of 2-Aminothiazole-4-Carboxylate Derivatives Active Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv And The B-Ketoacyl-Acp Synthase Mtfabh, Philadelphia University

Philadelphia University, Jordan

No abstract provided.

Scar Less: A Review Of Methods Of Scar Reduction At Sites Of Peripheral Nerve Repair, W.C. Ngeow

Wei Cheong Ngeow

Scar formation is important for normal wound healing but proliferation of scar tissue from the epineurium in response to a nerve injury will result in impediment to the regenerating axons that need to traverse the repaired site. This article reviews the events that occur after peripheral nerve transection and the challenges that need to be addressed to reduce scarring in order to improve nerve regeneration. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: 357-366)

Microtensile Bond Strength Of Self-Adhesive Resin-Based Dental Cement, Selda Keskin

This study investigated the effectiveness of bleaching agents on the micro tensile bond strength (mTBS) of self-adhesive luting cement and enamel. A total of 126 samples were prepared from the labial surfaces of permanent human maxillary central incisors and assigned into three groups with 42 samples each as: control, enamel bleached with 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and enamel bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). Rely X Unicem1 (3 M, ESPE) was used as self-adhesive resin cement. The total testing period for bleaching was selected as 14 days and the bleaching agents were applied 8 hours a day. The statistical one-way …

Microstructural Characteristics Of Functionally Graded Materials Designed As Dental Post, Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

To study the interfaces and microstructure of multilayered materials fabricated based on functionally graded concept for use as dental posts.

Effect Of Au And Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles On The Sers Of Bridging Organic Molecules., Remziye Guzel Dr., Zafer Ustundag Dr., Haslet Eksi, Selda Keskin Dr., Bilge Taner, Zeynep Durgun, Ali Osman Solak Prof. Dr.

No abstract provided.

New Generation Of The Dental Posts For Endodontic Application., Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

Fabricated multilayer dental post with the functionally graded design is a novel product that exhibits graded properties varied from coronal to apical parts of the tooth. The new dental post definitely performs better than posts available in the market and improves the quality of human life

A Bootstrap-Anfis Framework For Oral Cancer Prognosis Based On Clinical And Genomic Markers, Chang S. W., Sameem A. K., Rosnah Binti Zain, Merican A. F. M. A.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

The incidence of oral cancer is high in Malaysia especially for those of Indian ethnic origin. In this research, an oral cancer prognosis prediction model will be developed by using Bootstrap-ANFIS techniques. The aim of this research is to improve the prediction of oral cancer survival and to identify the key clinical and genomic markers for the survival prediction of oral cancer. The proposed model is designed to handle small medical dataset with limitations in terms of time, cost and tissue samples.

Cytotoxicity Of Polyurethane Dimethacrylate Derived From Palm Oil Polyol., Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of polyurethane dimethacrylate monomer derived from palm oil polyol (PUDMA) and 2 experimental composite resins based on these monomer PUDMA- based composites) compared to an experimental Bis-GMA/TEGDMA-based composite and EsthetX flowable composite (Dentsply, Caulk, USA). Methods: The experimental composite resins were prepared by mixing 0.25% and 0.75% by weight camphorquinone and ethyl (4-dimethyl amino) benzoate with 60% filler for each of the following monomer systems; I) PUDMA monomer (PUDMA-based composite resin), II) Bis-GMA/TEGDMA at ratio of 75:25 by weight, III) PUDMA/BisGMA-TEGDMA at ratio of 50:50 by weight. Eight …

Surface Reproduction Of Elastomeric Materials: Viscosity And Groove Shape Effects, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of viscosity and type of grooves on surface detail reproduction of elastomeric impression materials. Methods: Express putty/light-, Impregum medium- and heavy/light-bodied and Aquasil medium- and putty/light-bodied elastomeric impression materials were chosen for this study. Five impressions were made using a cylindrical aluminum reference block with U- and V- shaped grooves and to produce 35 master dies. Each master die was immersed in distilled water at 370 C for 5 minutes prior to the impression making on moist surfaces. Surface topography of the dies and impressions were captured using Alicona Imaging System. The mean difference in …

Effects Of Different Denture Cleansers On The Tensile Bond Strength Of Denture Liners, Selda Keskin

The effect of two denture cleansers (Polident1 and Protefix1) on the tensile bond strength between four soft liner materials (Molloplast B1, Permaflex1, Sofreliner Tough Medium1, and GC Reline Soft1) and a conventional denture base resin was investigated. For each of the liner materials 35 test specimens were prepared according to test the requirements and assigned into seven groups (n¼5). Before tensile testing, five of the liner specimens were kept in water or soaked in two cleansing solutions during 2 and 7 d. Five other samples served as a control group subjected directly to tensile testing. The bond strength values were …

Tensile Bond Strength Of A Highly Cross-Linked Denture Tooth To The, Selda Keskin

This study compared tensile bond strengths between conventional compressionmolded heat (HC)-, auto (AP)-, and microwave-polymerized (MC) poly(methyl methacrylate)-based denture resins and a relatively new injection-molded, microwave-polymerized polyurethane based resin (MI) bonded to a highly cross-linked denture tooth. In the first part of the experiments, denture teeth were used as received. In the second part, they were treated with dichloromethane to see its effect on bonding of conventional denture bases (HCS and APS). Bond strength was tested in tension according to ADA specification No.15. The results showed that the HC group failed cohesively because of higher interface bonding (49.95 MPa) compared …

A Finite Element Study Of The Multilayered Structured Dental Post, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Ideally, dental post should have stiffness that is similar to the crown at the coronal part and stiffness similar to the dentine at the apical part. This will reduce stress concentration at either coronal or the apical parts of the dentine and minimize the chance of interfacial loosening and enhance the reliability of post. Objective: To investigate the biomechanical behaviour of Multilayered Structured Dental Posts (MSDPs) using finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Two models of MSDPs consist of multilayer design of xTi-yHA composition added to a zirconia layer (model A) and the same compositions added to alumina layer (model B) …

Gene Expression In Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Influenced By Risk Factor Exposure, Cheong S. C., Chandramouli G. V. R., Saleh A., Rosnah Binti Zain, Lau S. H., Sivakumaren S., Pathmanathan R., Prime S. S., Teo S. H., Patel V., Gutkind J. S.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a world health problem and is associated with exposure to different risk factors. In the west, smoking and alcohol consumption are considered to be the main risk factors whilst in India and southeast Asia, betel quid (BQ) chewing is predominant. In this study, we compared the gene expression patterns of oral cancers associated with BQ chewing to those caused by smoking using Affymetrix microarrays. We found that 281 genes were differentially expressed between OSCC and normal oral mucosa regardless of aetiological factors including MMP1, PLAU, MAGE-D4, GNA12, IFITM3 and NMU. Further, we identified 168 …