Animal Experimentation and Research Commons^™

The Effect Of Dietary Fat Level On Tumor Development And Immunity In Balb/C Mice Fed Casein Of Wheat Gluten As Protein And Challenged With Herpes Type 2-Transformed Cells, Helen Drakou

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A high percentage of fat in the diet has been implicated through epidemiological studies in several human cancers. Studies in experimental animals have produced evidence that increasing the fat in the diet decreases the animal’s ability to restrict tumor development and growth. In previous work done in this laboratory with BALB/c mice injected with herpes simplex Type 2-transformed mouse cells (H238), the effects of a diet which greatly enhanced tumor growth was compared with one which restricted tumor growth. The latter, a low (5%) fat, low protein diet, in which the protein was casein, was also found to produce a …

Alternatives Sought To Save Lab Animals, Jim Detjen

Popular Press Items

No abstract provided.

A Semiquantitative Analysis Of The Chorda Tympani Taste Pathway In The Rat Brain With The 2-Deoxyglucose Method, Charles L. Hardison

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This thesis is based on a semiquantitative analysis of four nuclear relay centers [nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), parabrachial nucleus (PBN), ventroposteromedial nucleus (VPM), gustatory neocortex (GNC)] in the chorda tympani nerve pathway. Metabolic changes were examined by the 2-deoxyglucose method in which one chorda tympani nerve was chemically stimulated and its contralateral side lesioned. Coronal sections of four taste centers were prepared for autoradiography and Nissl staining. Densities of the autoradiograms were determined by means of a video based image processor. Relative differences in the optical density ratios of the stimulated versus lesioned nuclear grey matter areas to white matter …

The Use Of Dura Mater As A Meniscus Replacement In Tmj Surgery, Kim J. Dipasquale

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint is recognized as a problem of significant magnitude in both medical and dental circles. The last decade has seen a steady progression in the knowledge and sophistication of not only the anatomy and physiology of the temporomandibular joint, but also in the techniques of non-surgical and surgical management of internal derangements. Surgical correction of the unrepairable disc has typically been addressed by performing a menisectomy followed by placement of a non-physiologic implant material.

The animal study reported here was performed in order to evaluate the histologic fate and biological compatibility of freeze-dried dura when …

Interaction Of Putative Estrogens And The Estrogen Receptor System In Leydig Cells In The Balb/C Mouse Testis Resulting In The Initiation Of Dna Synthesis, R. Lloyd Juriansz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Continuous administration of estrogens for 7-9 months, both steroidal and nonsteroidal, to male BALB/c mice, leads to the formation of testicular Leydig cell tumors. Three days following the subcutaneous implantation of a pellet of estrogen in cholesterol, there is a peak in the incorporation of ³H-tymidine into the DNA of the interstitial cells. These effects are hypothesized to be mediated by the estrogen receptor system in the Leydig cell. Common experimental techniques for the measurement of hormone binding, such as dextran coated charcoal treatment, proved to be impossible to employ in this system, therefore a procedure was developed using …

Effects Of Lateral Mandibular Expansion On Mandibular Morphology In The Growing Rat : A Comparative Study Of Treatment Effects With Orthopaedic And/Or Surgical Procedures, Eric Looi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mandibular expansion by orthopaedic and surgical procedures in the growing rat mandible.

Sixty-four 35 day old Sprague Dawley Harlan rats were divided into four groups of 16 rats each and categorized as the control, orthopaedic expansion, surgery without graft and surgery with graft respectively. Prefabricated appliances were used for orthopaedic expansion of the mandibles and maintaining surgical expansion at the symphysis in the respective groups. Oxytetracycline were given intraperitoneally to mark areas of bone remodeling. Half the number of rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of …

The Case Against The Use Of Animals In Science, Donald J. Barnes

Experimentation Collection

As a scientist long committed to the understanding, prediction, and control of biological, physiological, and behavioral events, I have no objection to the animal as a legitimate focus of science. As a parent, a son, a sibling, and the proud recipient of unconditional positive regard from a few special people, I am vitally interested in matters of health and in the most ethically efficient use of available resources. As a member of a species which has evolved sufficiently to allow the relatively broad perspective of a "web of life" and at least a rudimentary concept of altruism, I have laboriously …

The Case For The Use Of Animals In Science, James A. Will

Experimentation Collection

Animals are now used extensively in research and teaching, and the appropriateness of their use appears to be questioned. Some people believe that we are in a new era where the animal activists have become much more influential, and that the antagonism between the scientists and these groups is worse than it ever has been. This does not appear to be the case. The preeminence of various influences seems rather cyclic, even perhaps influenced by such things as economic conditions or wars. At present, the question is often asked, "Should we continue to use animals in science?" The real question …

The Cruel Deception, Robert Sharpe

Experimentation Collection

With new legislation to replace the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 near at hand, the powerful vested interest groups whose profits and livelihood depend on laboratory animals are stepping up their campaigns to ensure the survival of vivisection. Have the benefits really been so great, and can vivisection achieve major advances in our present state of health?

History shows (McKeown 1979) that the real reasons for the dramatic increase in life expectancy since the middle of the last century are improvements in nutrition, living and working conditions, hygiene and sanitation, with medical measures only having a relatively marginal effect. The …

Socialized Vs. Unsocialized Wolves (Canis Lupus) In Experimental Research, Harry Frank, Linda M. Hasselbach, Dawn M. Littleton

Experimentation Collection

In the experimental setting human contact is both more frequent and more intimate than in observational research, and the issue therefore assumes even greater importance. The present paper discusses two experimental studies of wolf information processing, one of which was conducted with unsocialized animals and one of which was conducted with socialized animals, and examines the both the management and methodological consequences of these approaches.

Alternative To Current Uses Of Animals In Research, Safety Testing, And Education: A Layman's Guide, Martin L. Stephens

eBooks

No abstract provided.

A Pivotal Year For Lab Animal Welfare, Constance Holden

Popular Press Items

Tighter regulations, higher costs, and refined methodologies likely to lead to decreased animal use

The Case For The Use Of Animals In Medicine, Gary F. Merrill

Experimentation Collection

The use of animals in medical research and teaching, and the public concern this has generated is not a new issue (Visscher 1969). Ever since scientists began using animals to investigate the function of the body in health and disease, there have been those who opposed their work (Fishman and Richards 1982). Whether this controversy is cyclic is not known, but most concerned biomedical investigators agree that the opposition is here to stay. The author shares this opinion, and thus maintains that it is in the best interest of all parties to be properly educated on the issues. Only through …

Ethics, Welfare, And Laboratory Animal Management, David J. Allan, Judith K. Blackshaw

Experimentation Collection

Animals have been used in medical research from as far back as 129-199 A.D. when Galen, a Greek medical scientist, used a pig for his experiments. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, anatomical dissections were carried out on animals; Galvani used frogs in 1791 for his experiments and the Russian physiologist, Pavlov, carried out his famous dog experiments in the early 1900s. Since this time, large numbers of animals have been used in biomedical and other research. In 1963 the first edition of "The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" was published, and the United States Public …

A Rapid Concentration And Identification Technique For Human Malaria Infections Using A Mouse Model, Donald D. Barton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Red blood cells infected with malaria parasites experience a change in density making them lighter (less dense). This paper reports a new, rapid diagnostic technique using this change in density in the infected red blood cell. It is not only easy to use, but it is also compatible with the technological conditions found where the malaria problem is most acute - in many developing countries of the world. A small sample of blood drawn from a simple finger stick can be concentrated and examined microscopically for malaria parasites within 10 minutes. The thick film slide preparation, presently used, takes a …

The Animal Slave Trade: Brutality On The Road To Research

Close Up Reports

The HSUS is working on several fronts to stop the exploitation of our nation's pets. In January, we were instrumental in establishing a coalition to abolish pound seizure-the practice of relinquishing pound and shelter animals for research purposes. Consisting of 11 of the country's leading animal welfare organizations, The National Coalition to Protect Our Pets will be working with local groups to outlaw pound seizure on a state-by-state basis. HSUS investigators will continue to trace the road to research, and we'll be taking legal action against both dealers and research centers whenever necessary. In our effort tore- r duce the …

Stability In Mechanical Expansion Of The Maxilla With Surgical/Mechanical Expansion Of The Mandible In An Adult Baboon, Robert D. Mitchell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Expansion of the maxilla at the midpalatal suture has had much investigation and is a recognized option in orthodontic therapy. Lateral expansions of the mandible through surgical separation at the symphysis have been done in animal studies. A combination of these procedures has not yet been done together.

The purpose of this study was to expand both the maxilla and the mandible of a baboon simultaneously while maintaining occlusion. The amount of expansion and stability was studied using photographs, models, cephalograms, and tetracycline bone labels using U.V. microscopy.

A young adult baboon with full dentition and normal occlusion was used. …

Cryptosporidiosis In The Immunosuppressed Mouse And In Cell Culture, Mercy Prabhu Das

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection primarily of animals that has been recently recognized as an important disease in immunocompromised humans. Most cases to date have occurred in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Persons with abnormal humoral or cellular immune function, and even normal subjects, have also been affected.

To determine whether or not mice, when experimentally immunosuppressed, would develop cryptosporidiosis, a test was designed using the AKR/J strain. This strain was selected because, it was previously reported that it was the strain shown to respond most readily to the production of disease caused by the opportunistic protozoan, Pneumocystis carinii …

Relationship Between Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity And Hormone Dependency In Rat Mammary Cancer, Lila S. Berry

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Lila S. Berry on May 2, 1985.

One Man’S Beef, William Severini Kowinski

Profiles

Henry Spira believes that animals have rights but no say. He speaks for all species.

Cruel Cosmetic Testing Could Be Stopped Today If Consumers Demanded It!

Close Up Reports

The HSUS is launching an all-out offensive to bring an end to the terror and torture endured by millions of animals used in product-safety tests for cosmetics. In recent years, pressure from the animal-welfare community has prompted cosmetic companies to begin developing more humane methods of testing their products. Despite what appears to be progress, findings of a new HSUS study indicate that non-animal alternatives for testing cosmetics may never be implemented on an industry-wide basis unless consumers take action now.

Three Blind Mice, See How They Run: A Critique Of Behavioral Research With Animals, Michael A. Giannelli

Experimentation Collection

Animal research has been a traditionally accepted and respected part of modern psychology from its earliest days. The prevalent view of animals in contemporary psychology has origins far more basic than the scientific method. Its roots are deeply imbedded in Judaeo-Christian culture, a tradition which postulates a wide gulf between humankind and the animal world. The Darwinian revolution and the ethological outlook it fostered, while of immense biological significance, has for the most part been neglected by modern American comparative psychologists in favor of a positivistic-behaviorist orientation with a heavy reliance upon laboratory experimentation.

In recent years, opposition to animal …

Advances In Animal Welfare Science 1985/86, M. W. Fox (Ed.), A. N. Rowan (Ed.)

eBooks

This second volume of papers dealing with scientific and ethical aspects of animal welfare covers a variety of topics and areas of investigation. It will be of particular interest to those readers seeking more insight into such subjects as farm animal welfare and humane husbandry systems; animal experimentation, especially in the field of psychology; and pain in animals, notably its recognition and alleviation.

Ethical Aspects Of Animal Experimentation, Wolfgang Scharmann

Experimentation Collection

If inquiries are made of people regarding their attitudes towards animal experimentation, there will no doubt be various answers corresponding to the different ethical attitudes today. Three principle points of view are imaginable. The two extremes are: an unrestricted support of all animal experiments; and a radical rejection of any such experiment. These two positions, in all likelihood, are taken by only a minority of the population. The majority will approve of animal experimentation in principle, however, only insofar as it is really necessary to preserve human life. So, the point of controversy arises from the question: When is an …

Anthropomorphism Is Not A Four-Letter Word, Randall Lockwood

Experimentation Collection

Most animal scientists are directly or indirectly instructed to avoid any hint of anthropomorphism, yet it is an approach that is invariably applied by scientists and lay people alike. Science may have gained some objectivity in discarding this common view of animals, but it has gone overboard in its rejection of the concept of the continuity of human and animal experiences. I hope to outline how an anthropomorphic perspective can be applied in ways that are a service to science and the animals themselves.

Repair Of Lethal Damage Induced In A Hamster X Amphibian Hybrid Tissue Culture Cell Line By Ultraviolet Light And Gamma Ray, Susan Kulp, Ann Page, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A hybrid cell line was formed by fusing cells from two established vertebrate tissue culture cell lines (V79B1 hamster and A84 Xenopus), which were known to differ substantially in resistance to some radiation-induced lesions and in associated repair potential. Ultraviolet and gamma ray dose-survival relations were then determined and analyzed for the three cell lines, primarily to compare the radiosensitivity (Do dose) of the hybrid line with that of each parental line for each radiation. Further experimentation was conducted to determine the extent to which observed differences in these Do doses could be attributed to interactions of the combined parental …

Animals In Testing: How The Cpi Is Handling A Hot Issue, Anonymous

Popular Press Items

No abstract provided.

The Role Of The Salivary Glands In Uptake Of Fluoride In Teeth And Bone, Robin E. Vance

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The cariostatic capability of fluoride is generally recognized, in addition, it may also have a beneficial effect on bone. Fluoride is thought to exercise its cariostasis through a local effect on teeth, however, the possibility exists that fluoride exerts its action through a systemic mechanism. Fluoride uptake by rat teeth and its effectiveness as a cariostatic substance was studied in parotidectomized, submaxillariectomized, and totally sialoadenectomized animals (both parotid and submaxillary glands removed). The uptake of fluoride in bone was also quantitated for comparison purposes.

Rats were injected daily with 15 micromoles of fluoride dissolved in 0.1 ml saline. The rats …

Age-Related Changes Of Neurites In Meissner Corpuscles Of Diabetic, Vicky R. Ras

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This thesis is based on a qualitative and quantitative study of the neural component of Meissner corpuscles of diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Age-related changes were also documented in these mechanoreceptors. Corpuscles from forty-six diabetic mice and forty-six non-diabetic mice ranging from 2.5 to 17 months old were studied. Forepaw index digital pads were formalin-fixed and frozen-sectioned parallel to each digit and perpendicular to the skin. Serial sections were then silver-impregnated to allow light microscopic examination of the neurites in the corpuscles.

Neurites became more coarse, tortuous, branched, varicose, and thus more complex until middle age. Corpuscle size appeared greatest at …

The Hsus Condemns Psychological Experimentation On Animals

Close Up Reports

For almost a century, millions of cats, dogs, monkeys, and other laboratory animals have fallen victim to the misguided notion that by torturing animals we may someday find the golden key that unlocks the dark corners and passageways of human psychology. Heedless of any relevance the experiments may have to the human condition or of the differences between humans and other animals, experimental psychologists are exercising unbridled on animals the whole range of suffering, from emotional trauma, like that experienced by the doomed infant monkey, to outright physical torture. Animals have been blinded and returned to the wild to test …