Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2021, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Arkansas is the leading soybean-producing state in the mid-southern United States. Arkansas ranked 11th in soybean production in 2021 compared to the other soybean-producing states in the U.S. The state represented 3.49% of the total U.S. soybean production and 3.49% of the total acres planted in soybean in 2021. The 2021 state soybean average yield was 52.0 bushels per acre, setting a new state record and surpassing the previous yield record of 51.5 bushels per acre set in 2020. The top five soybean-producing counties in 2021 were Mississippi, Phillips, Crittenden, Poinsett, and Arkansas (Table 1). These five counties accounted for …

Nitrification Inhibitor, Nitrogen Source, And Herbicide Effects On Soil Nitrogen Transformations And Corn Yield, William Neels

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nitrogen fertilizer management continue to be challenging due to potential nitrogen losses under variable weather conditions. The objective of this was to evaluate the performance of nitrification inhibitors, nitrogen sources and herbicides on in-season nitrogen availability and agronomy indicators. A two site-year field experiment was conducted in silty clay loam soil in corn phase of the corn-soybean rotation at Central Nebraska. The treatments included three herbicide (no pre-emergence, Acuron, Resicore) and five nitrogen treatments: 1) control, 2) anhydrous ammonia, 3) anhydrous ammonia without nitrification inhibitor, 4) urea with nitrification inhibitors, and 5) urea without nitrification inhibitors. Results indicated that nitrogen …

Addressing Challenges Of Dryland Production Of Sunflowers And Corn In The Semi-Arid High Plains Of Nebraska, Zhan Orazov

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Corn and sunflower are value crops for America. Cultivation of corn and sunflower often vary depending on growing environment. Selecting appropriate planting dates, hybrids and plant density frequently concerns farmers. This concern is understandable because the decision made directly impacts final income. The objectives were to evaluate interaction of corn and sunflower planting dates and hybrid maturity and evaluate interaction of corn flex hybrids and plant density under conditions of western Nebraska. Nine corn hybrids with relative maturity ranging from 86 to 105 days were sown between early May and late June in first and between late April and early …

Biology, Monitoring, Sampling, And Management Of Rice Billbug, Sphenophorus Pertinax, In Furrow-Irrigated Rice, Chase Alan Floyd

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Furrow-irrigated rice hectares have increased annually for the last five years in the predominant long-grain rice producing states. Initial implementation of the system began in the 1980’s, but lack of rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea, Hebert) resistant cultivars made the system a nonviable option for rice producers. Hybridization of rice cultivars with less susceptibility has begun to increase the interest of producers to implement a furrow-irrigated rice production system due to the cost saving opportunities that it may provide. Elimination of the flood from large sections of the rice fields in a furrow-irrigated system alters management strategies and pest complexes compared …

Nitrogen Management In Rice Under Suboptimal Soil Conditions, Payton Suzanne Rhea

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In Mid-South rice (Oryza sativa, L.) production, nitrogen (N) fertilizer management for pureline varieties is most often recommended as a single preflood (SPF) or two-way split (2WS) application in a direct-seeded, delayed-flood system. Most of the N fertilizer is typically applied at the four- to six-leaf stage onto dry soil, and the second application, if necessary, into the floodwater during early reproductive growth stages (referred to as midseason). Environmental factors frequently prohibit growers from applying early N fertilizer under optimal dry soil conditions. A study was conducted to determine the best N fertilization management practices to utilize in rice when …

Applying A Material Science Approach To Improve Rice Processing Performance, Michelle Oppong Siaw

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice is typically consumed as whole kernel, which makes the economic value of whole kernels twice that of brokens. Macro-structural defects such as fissures and chalkiness have been recognized to weaken kernel mechanical strength, and thereby increase breakage during milling. However, high percentages of brokens are sometimes recorded even though these defects are controlled prior to milling. It was hypothesized that rice milling characteristics are influenced by endosperm porosity from the structural arrangement of chemical components and by bran thickness and composition. Thus, this study aimed to modify chemical components by applying treatments to alter rice porosity and its associated …

A Non-Destructive Approach For Measuring Rice Panicle-Level Photosynthetic Responses Using 3d-Image Reconstruction, Jaspinder Singh Dharni, Balpreet Kaur Dhatt, Puneet Paul, Tian Gao, Tala Awada, Harel Bacher4, Zvi Peleg, Paul E. Staswick, Jason Hupp, Hongfeng Yu, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Our understanding of the physiological responses of rice inflorescence (panicle) to environmental stresses is limited by the challenge of accurately determining panicle photosynthetic parameters and their impact on grain yield. This is primarily due to the lack of a suitable gas exchange methodology for panicles and non-destructive methods to accurately determine panicle surface area.

Results: To address these challenges, we have developed a custom panicle gas exchange cylinder compatible with the LiCor 6800 Infra-red Gas Analyzer. Accurate surface area measurements were determined using 3D panicle imaging to normalize the panicle-level photosynthetic measurements. We observed differential responses in …

Bison Movements Change With Weather: Implications For Their Continued Conservation In The Anthropocene, Nicholas A. Mcmillan, Samuel D. Fuhlendorf, Barney Luttbeg, Laura E. Goodman, Craig A. Davis, Brady W. Allred, Robert G. Hamilton

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Animal movement patterns are affected by complex interactions between biotic and abiotic landscape conditions, and these patterns are being altered by weather variability associated with a changing climate. Some animals, like the American plains bison (Bison bison L.; hereafter, plains bison), are considered keystone species, thus their response to weather variability may alter ecosystem structure and biodiversity patterns. Many movement studies of plains bison and other ungulates have focused on point-pattern analyses (e.g., resource-selection) that have provided information about where these animals move, but information about when or why these animals move is limited. For example, information surrounding the …

The Effects Of Tillage And Cover Crops On Crop Yield And Soil Properties In Wheat Double-Cropping Systems, Peters E. Egbedi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This three-year study was conducted on a commerce silt loam soil at the Northeast Research and Experiment Station near St. Joseph, Louisiana to evaluate the following objectives: 1) evaluate crop yield response to tillage, winter, and summer cover crops in wheat double-cropping systems. 2) evaluate the effects of tillage, winter and summer cover crops on soil properties under different cropping systems. 3) quantify the economic benefits of double-cropping, cover cropping and monoculture systems under conventional and no tillage practices. A winter cover crop (WCC) mix (winter wheat (Triticum aestivum and Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum) and summer …

The Genome Of Orychophragmus Violaceus Provides Genomic Insights Into The Evolution Of Brassicaceaepolyploidizationandits Distinct Traits, Kang Zhang, Yinqing Yang, Xin Zhang, Lingkui Zhang, Yu Fu, Zhongwei Guo, Shumin Chen, Jian Wu, James C. Schnable, Keke Yi, Xiaowu Wang, Feng Cheng

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Orychophragmus violaceus, referred to as ‘‘eryuelan’’ (February orchid) in China, is an early-flowering ornamental plant. The high oil content and abundance of unsaturated fatty acids in O. violaceus seeds make it a potential high-quality oilseed crop. Here, we generated a whole-genome assembly for O. violaceus using Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The assembled genome of O. violaceus was ~1.3 Gb in size, with 12 pairs of chromosomes. Through investigation of ancestral genome evolution, we determined that the genome of O. violaceus experienced a tetraploidization event from a diploid progenitor with the translocated proto-Calepineae karyotype. Comparisons between the reconstructed subgenomes …

Novel Single-Nucleotide Variants For Morpho-Physiological Traits Involved In Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance In Barley, Ibrahim S. Elbasyoni, Shamseldeen Eltaher, Sabah Morsy, Alsayed M. Mashaheet, Ahmed M. Abdallah, Heba G. Ali, Samah A. Mariey, P. Stephen Baenziger, Katherine Anna Frels

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) thrives in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; never-theless, it suffers large grain yield losses due to drought stress. A panel of 426 lines of barley was evaluated in Egypt under deficit (DI) and full irrigation (FI) during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Observations were recorded on the number of days to flowering (NDF), total chlorophyll content (CH), canopy temperature (CAN), grain filling duration (GFD), plant height (PH), and grain yield (Yield) under DI and FI. The lines were genotyped using the 9K Infinium iSelect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping platform, which …

Effects Of Sowing Date And Phosphorus Fertiliser Application On Winter Survival Of Lucerne Cv. Aohan In The Northern Semi-Arid Region Of China, Z. L. Wang, Q. Zh. Sun, Y. W. Wang, Zh. Y. Li, Sh. F. Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In the northern semi-arid region of China, winter survival is always a limiting factor for lucerne production, because low temperatures and a dry climate in winter (Zhou et al., 1993; Ma, 2000; Sun & Gui, 2001; Sun et al., 2003). An experiment was conducted to find an appropriate sowing date and P application rate in order to improve lucerne winter survival.

Ear Emergence Of Different Grass Species Under Finnish Growing Conditions, M. Niskanen, O. Niemeläinen, L. Jauhiainen

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Timothy is the most commonly cultivated grass species in Finland. Swards cultivated for silage of hay are of pure timothy or timothy is the dominant species of the mixture. Successful timing of harvesting of the primary growth is very critical in Northern latitudes where the stand develops very rapidly at daylengths of above 18 hours with a daily mean temperature close to 20 °C. The primary growth has to be harvested within a very short period to obtain a yield of high and uniform quality. Short harvesting periods require high capacity harvest machinery which lead to high costs. If it …

Reasons For The Premature Decline In Astragalus Adsurgens Stands In Kerqin Sandy Land, Q. Zh. Sun, Z. L. Wang, J. G. Han, Y. W. Wang, G. R. Liu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Diseases partly account for reductions in Astragalus adsurgens, stand longevity. The effect of some cultural practices on the control of pests and diseases have been reported (Hou, 1986; Nan, 1996), but few reports have detailed the relationship among soil fertiliser status, diseases and premature stand decline. This study was conducted to investigate these relationships in order to extend the longevity of Astragalus adsurgens stands.

The Influence Of Fertiliser Application To Strip-Sown Grasslands On Herbage Production And Quality, A. Kohoutek, P. Komárek, V. Odstrčilová, P. Nerušil

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

To increase the productivity of dairy cattle in the Czech Republic requires an improvement in herbage quality and an increase in the net energy of herbage. The decrease in cattle numbers by 50 % and the expansion of the grassland area both result in a surplus of feedstuffs of low quality. Introduction of strip-seeding of legumes and grasses into grasslands in interaction with fertilisation provides a possible solution to this problem.

Range-Based Livestock Production In Turkmenistan, R. H. Behnke, G. Davidson

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Turkmenistan retains a centralized system of livestock production in which many critical assets are owned by the state. Though technically in the temperate zone, the country's climate is harsh and unstable. Groundwater resources are unevenly distributed, leaving many potential grazing areas seasonally inaccessible due to lack of drinking water for livestock. This paper summarizes the results of a three-year study of rangelands, livestock production, flock economics and land tenure at two study sites, one in central and the other in eastern Turkmenistan. The results of this study suggest that pastoral communities in Turkmenistan have coped remarkably well with the institutional …

Characterization Of Algerian Apricots (Prunus Armeniaca) Using Morphological And Pomological Markers, Kaouther Boutiti, Ines Bellil, Douadi Khelifi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of an Algerian apricot germplasm. This Algerian apricot was characterized by a green-yellow skin, a red ground color, and a light orange flesh color in general. Besides, highly positive and negative significant correlations were revealed between the studied characters. Whereby, the principal component analysis explained 81% of the variability. Fruit, stone and leaves dimensions were the main features that explained evidentially the majority of variability. Moreover, the cluster analysis divided the accessions into two major groups. Thus, Algerian accessions selected in this study may have the potential to be used …

Foliar Application Of Acetic Acid And Effectiveness Against Drought At Different Time Points In Soybean Development, Miranda Rudolph

Scholars Week

Abstract

Drought is arguably the most serious environmental factor affecting crop production today. A plants response to drought stress is extremely complex, affecting numerous metabolic pathways that are all interconnected in their responses. Due to this complex nature, scientists do not fully understand the implications of different treatments and how they affect these processes. Acetic acid has been shown to improve plant growth and resistance to drought stress, but exactly how it accomplishes this is also unknown. Soybeans (Glycine max) are one of the most important crops worldwide and can suffer significant yield loss due to drought stress. As climate …

Genome‑Wide Association Analyses Of Leaf Rust Resistance In Cultivated Emmer Wheat, Dhondup Lhamo, Qun Sun, Qijun Zhang, Xuehui Li, Jason D. Fiedler, Guangmin Xia, Justin D. Faris, Yong‑Qiang Gu, Upinder Gill, Xiwen Cai, Maricelis Acevedo, Steven S. Xu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), constantly threatens durum (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) production worldwide. A Pt race BBBQD detected in California in 2009 poses a potential threat to durum production in North America because resistance source to this race is rare in durum germplasm. To find new resistance sources, we assessed a panel of 180 cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) accessions for seedling resistance to BBBQD and for adult resistance to a mixture of durum-specific races BBBQJ, CCMSS, and MCDSS in the field, and genotyped …

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci (Qtls) For Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Streak: Xanthomonas Translucens Using Qtl And Association Mapping In Three Populations Of Soft Red Winter Wheat, Benjamin Tyler Meritt

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and black chaff, caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu), can be a very destructive disease of wheat, especially in the warmer, wetter areas of the Southeastern U.S. Yield losses of up to 40 percent have been recorded in some cases in southern wheat growing regions. With no effective agronomic or chemical method of disease control, identification of genetic resistance is seen as a promising solution. Three soft red winter wheat populations (GAWN, ARK-SNP, and AGS 2060- AGS 2035 DH) representative of soft red winter wheat germplasm in the southeastern U.S. developed by …

Precipitation And Not Cover Crop Composition Influenced Corn Economic Optimal N Rate And Yield, Hunter Bielenberg, Jason D. Clark, Debankur Sanyal, Johnathon Wolthuizen, David Karki, Amin Rahhal

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

The effects of single species cover crops on corn (Zea mays L.) N requirement and grain yield are well studied throughout the U.S. Midwest. However, comparing cover crop mixes that include different compositions of grass and broadleaf species is limited. Fourteen corn N response experiments were conducted in South Dakota from 2018 to 2021. Fall cover crops planted after small grain harvest were mixtures of dominantly grasses, broadleaves, a 50/50 grass/broadleaf mixture, and a no cover crop control. Compared to the control, including a cover crop led to no differences in economic optimal N rate (EONR) and yield at …

Historical Corn Price Evolution Implications For Pre-Harvest Hedging, Cory Walters, Richard K. Preston

Cornhusker Economics

Commodity markets evolve through information provided by participating buyers and sellers and throughout this process the conditions in which commodity markets work are revealed. Producer pre-harvest commodity marketing can be further developed by incorporating information on how commodity markets work, leading to better farm financial performance.

We investigate how commodity markets have historically evolved from spring to fall. While changes in future prices appear random in any given year, observing average daily prices over 32 years could uncover a seasonal tendency. In the past 32 years, the average daily price tends to be higher in the spring than the fall, …

Salt Tolerance Qtls Of An Endemic Rice Landrace, Horkuch At Seedling And Reproductive Stages, Taslima Haque, Sabrina M. Elias, Samsad Razzaque, Sudip Biswas, Sumaiya Farah Khan, G. M. Nurnabi Azad Jewel, Md. Sazzadur Rahman, Thomas E. Juenger, Zeba I. Seraj

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Salinity has a significant negative impact on production of rice. To cope with the increased soil salinity due to climate change, we need to develop salt tolerant rice varieties that can maintain their high yield. Rice landraces indigenous to coastal Bangladesh can be a great resource to study the genetic basis of salt adaptation. In this study, we implemented a QTL analysis framework with a reciprocal mapping population developed from a salt tolerant landrace Horkuch and a high yielding rice variety IR29. Our aim was to detect genetic loci that contributes to the salt adaptive responses of the two …

Microgreens Outreach In The Community - Applying A Novel Diet-Related Disease Prevention Tool, Jessica Nwabeke, Vibhuti Mishra, Rayna Marshall, Simone Udeh, Swaksha Rachuri, Ben Haslund-Gourley, Annette Gadegbeku

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Alfalfa Water Productivity And Yield Gaps In The U.S. Central Great Plains, Kaylin P. Fink, Patricio Grassini, Alexandre Rocateli, Leonardo M. Bastos, Jude Kastens, Luke P. Ryan, Xiaomao Lin, Andres Patrignani, Romulo P. Lollato

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Context: Yield gap (Yg) analyses using farmer-reported yield and management data have been performed for a number of annual grain crops, but it lacks for perennial forages. The U.S. accounts for 21 % of the global alfalfa production with a large rainfed area located in the central Great Plains, serving as an interesting case-study for Yg in perennial forages. Most existing alfalfa Yg analyses quantified the magnitude of the Yg but failed to identify associated management practices to reduce it. Challenging this analysis, a systematic benchmark for alfalfa water productivity [WP, kg dry matter per mm evapotranspiration (ETc)] that …

Rice Chalky Grain 5 Regulates Natural Variation For Grain Quality Under Heat Stress, Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran, Jaspreet Sandhu, Larissa Irvin, Puneet Paul, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Waseem Hussain, Tian Gao, Paul E. Staswick, Hongfeng Yu, Gota Morota, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Heat stress occurring during rice (Oryza sativa) grain development reduces grain quality, which often manifests as increased grain chalkiness. Although the impact of heat stress on grain yield is well-studied, the genetic basis of rice grain quality under heat stress is less explored as quantifying grain quality is less tractable than grain yield. To address this, we used an image-based colorimetric assay (Red, R; and Green, G) for genome-wide association analysis to identify genetic loci underlying the phenotypic variation in rice grains exposed to heat stress. We found the R to G pixel ratio (RG) derived from mature …

Effect Of Water Stress On Weed Germination, Growth Characteristics, And Seed Production: A Global Meta-Analysis, Mandeep Singh, Resham Thapa, Meetpal Singh Kukal, Suat Irmak, Steven Mirsky, Amit J. Jhala

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Weeds compete with crops for soil moisture, along with other resources, which can impact the germination, growth, and seed production of weeds; however, this impact has not been systematically recorded and synthesized across diverse studies. To address this knowledge gap, a global meta-analysis was conducted using 1,196 paired observations from 86 published articles assessing the effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production. These studies were conducted and published during 1970 through 2020 across four continents (Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America). Imposed water stress was expressed as solution osmotic potential (ψsolution), soil water potential (ψsoil), …

The Genomic And Bulked Segregant Analysis Of Curcuma Alismatifolia Revealed Its Diverse Bract Pigmentation, Xuezhu Liao, Yuanjun Ye, Xiaoni Zhang, Dan Peng, Mengmeng Hou, Gaofei Fu, Jianjun Tan, Jianli Zhao, Rihong Jiang, Yechun Xu, Jinmei Liu, Jinliang Yang, Wusheng Liu, Luke R. Tembrock, Genfa Zhu, Zhiqiang Wu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves (petals) directly subtending the reproductive structures, most Zingiberaceae species produce showy ‘‘flowers’’ through modifications of leaves (bracts) subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence. Curcuma alismatifolia, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, a plant species originating from Southeast Asia, has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars. Here, we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C. alismatifolia ‘‘Chiang Mai Pink’’ and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation. Comparative genomic analysis revealed C. alismatifolia contains a …

Auxin-Based Herbicide Program For Weed Control In Auxin Resistant Soybean, Joy Amajioyi, Thandiwe Nleya, Graig Reicks, Janet Moriles- Miller, David Clay, Sharon Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars resistant to synthetic auxin herbicides have provided another mode of action for the postemergence broadleaf weed control. This field study was conducted at three South Dakota locations [Northeast, NERF; east-central, ARF; and Southeast, SERF) in 2019 and two locations (ARF and SERF) in 2020. The Enlist E3 and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend cultivars were planted at three dates (early, mid-, and late season) to examine weed control, agronomic characteristics, nodulation, and yield. Preemergence (PRE) treatment was flumioxazin + metribuzin + S-metolachlor + glyphosate + pendimethalin. Two postemergence (POST) treatments, based on cultivar, were compared …

Cyclic Adp Ribose Isomers: Production, Chemical Structures, And Immune Signaling, Mohammad K. Manik, Yun Shi, Sulin Li, Mark A. Zaydman, Neha Damaraju, Samuel Eastman, Thomas G. Smith, Weixi Gu, Veronika Masic, Tamim Mosaiab, James S. Weagley, Steven J. Hancock, Eduardo Vasquez, Lauren Hartley-Tassell, Nestoras Kargios, Natsumi Maruta, Bryan Y.J. Lim, Hayden Burdett, Michael J. Landsberg, Mark A. Schembri, Ivan Prokes, Lijiang Song, Murray Grant, Aaron Diantonio, Jeffrey D. Nanson, Ming Guo, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Thomas Ve, Bostjan Kobe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cyclic adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–ribose (cADPR) isomers are signaling molecules produced by bacterial and plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) (NAD+) hydrolysis. We show that v-cADPR (2′cADPR) and v2-cADPR (3′cADPR) isomers are cyclized by O-glycosidic bond formation between the ribose moieties in ADPR. Structures of 2′cADPR-producing TIR domains reveal conformational changes that lead to an active assembly that resembles those of Toll-like receptor adaptor TIR domains. Mutagenesis reveals a conserved tryptophan that is essential for cyclization. We show that 3′cADPR is an activator of ThsA effector proteins from the bacterial antiphage defense system termed Thoeris and …