Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Water-Deficit Stress On Cotton During Reproductive Development, Dimitra Loka

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Water deficit is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop productivity around the world. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered to be relatively tolerant to drought and the effects of water stress on leaf physiology and metabolism have been extensively documented. However, information is lacking on the effect of water-deficit stress on the cotton flower. It was hypothesized that water-deficit stress would impair gas exchange functions which consequently would result in perturbation of carbohydrates of cotton reproductive units. To investigate this hypothesis growth room studies and field studies were conducted with the objectives being to document the physiological …

Establishment Method And Cultural Practice Effects On Sports Turf, Josh Anderson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The use of soil-based sod on sand-based rootzones for the establishment of sports fields and golf courses is a common occurrence. Furthermore, the use of soil-based sod on sand-based rootzones can lead to potential problems associated with decreased water infiltration, gas exchange, rooting, and turfgrass quality caused by soil layering. Core-aerification and sand topdressing may help alleviate the problems associated with soil layering from the use of soil-based sod on sand-based rootzones. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of sod establishment methods and post- establishment cultural practices on the infiltration rate, moisture content, divot resistance, …

Identification And Confirmation Of Ssr Markers And Qtl For Seed Calcium Content And Hardness Of Soybean, Moldir Orazaly

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The health benefits and the nutritional values of soyfood products have expanded the demand for food-grade soybean varieties. For whole soyfood products such as natto, small seeded varieties with proper texture are essential. Seed calcium content and hardness are main factors in determining the seed texture. Utilizing molecular markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for marker assisted selection (MAS) has been an efficient technique for breeders. To find molecular markers associated with a trait is an initial step. The confirmation of QTL in different environments and in different genetic backgrounds is important for MAS. The objectives of this research …

Cotton Response To High Temperature Stress During Reproductive Development, Justin B. Phillips

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Temperature is a primary controller of the rate of plant growth, developmental events, and fruit maturation. Increased temperatures from global climate change are projected to cause substantial losses in crop productivity by the end of the twenty-first century. Elevated temperatures affect all stages of cotton development, but the crop seems to be particularly sensitive to adverse temperatures during reproductive development. In Arkansas, temperature stress is considered to be one of the main factors affecting cotton yield. Environmental stress during floral development is a major reason for the disparity between actual and potential yields. Field and growth chamber studies were conducted …

Utility Of Aminocyclopyrachlor For Control Of Horsenettle And Tall Ironweed In Cool-Season Grass Pastures, William Paul Phillips

Masters Theses

Previous research has shown that management of horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) and tall ironweed (Vernonia gigantea) in cool-season grass pastures and hayfields is difficult. Therefore, research was conducted at Alcoa, Fork Creek, Greenback, Maynardville, and Pulaski, Tennessee, and at London, Kentucky, in 2010 and 2011 to examine efficacy of aminocyclopyrachlor on these two perennial weeds. Research was conducted on naturally-occurring infestations of each weed. Treatments were: aminocyclopyrachlor (49 g ai/ha) with and without 2,4-D amine (371 g ai/ha), aminocyclopyrachlor (98 g ai/ha) with and without 2,4-D amine (742 g ai/ha), and aminopyralid (88 g ai/ha). Treatments were …

Molecular Marker Assisted Development And Stability Analysis Of Low Phytate, High Inorganic Phosphorus Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill], Suzannah Joy Wiggins

Masters Theses

Phytate [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate] is a mixed cation salt of phytic acid which binds to other minerals, in many field crops including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Livestock with monogastric digestive systems lack the ability to break bonds between phytate and these minerals, causing phytate phosphorus (P) to be excreted in the waste and contributing to possible P and other mineral deficiencies. Discovery of single sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with low phytate QTL (cqPha-001 and cqPha-002) have aided in development of low phytate soybean lines. The objectives of this study were …

Cotton (Gossipium Hirsutum L.) Response To Irrigation And Environment In A Short Season Climate, Matthew Scott Wiggins

Masters Theses

Research was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center in Jackson, TN to investigate water deficit and irrigation response in cotton to provide a better understanding of physiological growth changes and yield impact on the crop grown in soils of varying depth to a sandy layer. The deep soil yielded more vegetative mass when compared with the shallower soil. This is also true when applying higher rates of irrigation where plants grew two more nodes of growth and 15.2 centimeters of plant height. Time to cotton maturity was delayed seven days in the deep …

Uso De Molinos Cti Para La Producción Y Uso De Harina De Sorgo, Lily Lopez, Kris Duville, Carla Bermudez, Vilma Ruth Calderón, Lloyd Rooney

INTSORMIL Presentations

El aprovechamiento del sorgo para la alimentación humana permite agregar valor al cultivo y aumentar su rentabilidad, especialmente para pequeños y medianos productores, contribuyendo a la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional del país.

CENTA esta promoviendo el cultivo del sorgo como una alternativa para la produccion de alimentos en las areas rurales.

Desde 2010 cuando el trigo bajo de precio nuevamente, dejo de ser una alternativa para la sustitucion del trigo, pero se le han buscado mercados mas estables, personas alergicas al gluten, personas diabéticas, y productos nutritivos para corregir deficiencias nutricionales como la anemia por falta de hierro, productos artesanales …

Strawberry Growth, Yield, Fruit Nutrition, And Control Of Verticillium Wilt With Pre-Plant Soil Fumigants, Ozone, And Biological Control, Justin J. Scurich

Master's Theses

Verticillium wilt is a widespread soilborne disease of strawberry historically controlled by soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). MB was banned by the United Nations in 1995 and will be completely phased out by 2015. Research has concentrated on alternative methods of disease control without finding a single alternative able to replace MB in widespread disease control and yield increase. For the current study, strawberries were greenhouse grown in container pots filled with soil from both infested and non-infested areas of a commercial strawberry field in Watsonville, CA. Treatments included pre-plant soil fumigation with commercially available formulations of methyl bromide, …

Use Of Cti Grinders For Sorghum Flour Production And Utilization: Final Report, Vilma Ruth Calderón De Zacatares, Lily Marisol López, Kris Emillee Duville, Carla Elizabeth Bermúdez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

The use of sorghum for human consumption to add value to the crop and increase its profitability, especially for small and medium producers, has contributed to food security and nutrition in El Salvador. CENTA is promoting the cultivation of sorghum as an alternative to food production in rural and urban areas. Since 2010 when wheat prices lower again, sorghum was no more an alternative to replace wheat in certain types of food, but is being used in more stable markets, as people allergic to gluten, people with diabetes and to correct nutritional deficiencies such as iron deficiency anemia because of …

Sorghum Flour Production Manual For Compatible Technology International (Cti) Burr Grinders, Kris Emillee Duville

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

The importance of sorghum in human nutrition and food security

The grinders of Compatible Technology International (CTI) were brought to El Salvador in 2009, for a project of CENTA-INTSORMIL/USAID to promote the grinding of sorghum for human nutrition. In 2011, ten of these grinders had been installed in small bakers associations, individual bakers, or persons producing ethnic drinks based on roasted and ground cereals. These people had been trained in sorghum use for human nutrition at the food technology laboratory of CENTA. The grinders are being used in areas were the access to other foods is limited and were sorghum …

Utilizacion De Molinos Cti Para La Produccion Artesanal De Harina De Sorgo, Vilma Ruth Calderón De Zacatares, Lily Marisol López, Kris Emillee Duville, Carla Elizabeth Bermúdez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El aprovechamiento del sorgo para la alimentación humana permite agregar valor al cultivo y aumentar su rentabilidad, especialmente para pequeños y medianos productores, contribuyendo a la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en El Salvador. El CENTA esta promoviendo el cultivo del sorgo como una alternativa para la produccion de alimentos en las areas rurales y urbanas. Desde 2010 cuando el trigo bajo de precio nuevamente, dejo de ser una alternativa para la sustitucion por sorgo en ciertos tipos de alimentos, pero se esta utilizando en mercados mas estables, como personas alergicas al gluten, personas diabéticas y para corregir deficiencias nutricionales como …

Arkansas Turfgrass Report 2010, Douglas Karcher, Aaron Patton, Michael Richardson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Potential For Barn Owl As Rodent Biological Control In Central California Vineyards, Hannah Tillmann

Biological Sciences

The pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) and voles (Microtus spp.) cause significant economic damage to vineyards. In response, many growers have taken steps to attract Barn Owls (Tyto alba) to their properties to help keep these rodent populations in check. This research project investigated Barn Owl consumption of pocket gophers and voles in Central California vineyards in order to assess the efficiency of this integrated pest management strategy. I collected a total of 715 owl pellets from five vineyard locations in Templeton and Paso Robles, California over an eight-month period during nesting and post-fledging seasons. I …

Genetic Differentiation Of Western Corn Rootworm Populations (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Relative To Insecticide Resistance, Hong Chen, Haichuan Wang, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Abstract

As the single most important pest of field corn, Zea mays L., throughout most of the Corn Belt, the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has undergone repeated selection for resistance to a variety of insecticides that persist widely among Nebraska populations. In this study, we used 11 microsatellite markers to genotype two populations with high levels of resistance to methyl-parathion and aldrin (Polk and Stromsburg), two populations with low and intermediate levels of resistance (Mead and Clay Center) from Nebraska, and one population from outside the Corn Belt (Safford, Arizona). The genetic diversity measured by …

Crop Modeling, Omar Maghawri Ibrahim Hassan Dr.

Dr. Omar Maghawri Ibrahim

No abstract provided.

Spatial Genetic Variation Among Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Sampled From The United States, Puerto Rico, Panama, And Argentina, Difabachew K. Belay, Pete L. Clark, Steven R. Skoda, David J. Isenhour, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, Claudia Gianni, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Spatial genetic variability of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was studied by collecting samples from 31 locations in the United States, Argentina, Panama, and Puerto Rico, and then using amplified fragment length polymorphism to detect genetic variation. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic variation in fall armyworm among all (28%) sample locations and individuals within (71%) sample locations; genetic variation of fall armyworm was minimal between sample locations grouped into regions. The pairwise fixation index (F_ST) comparisons showed significant genetic differentiation (0.288) among the 31 locations. However, dendrograms of results from cluster …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2011, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Wheat Variety Guide For Wa 2012, Brenda Shackley, Sarah Ellis, Christine Zaicou, Harmohinder Dhammu, Manisha Shankar, Mohammad Amjad

Bulletins 4000 -

The wheat variety guide summarises performance characteristics of commercially available wheats which have undergone testing in the National Variety Testing Project (NVT), and Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) wheat agronomy project.

This information includes variety summaries, agronomic, disease and herbicide tolerance characteristics and medium to long-term yield performance. There is a review of regional NVT performance, time of sowing experiments and observed flowering dates in 2011. By combining agronomy research outcomes with other related wheat research this document provides current information to assist with variety choice and management for 2012.

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2011, Fred M. Bourland, A. B. Beach, D. P. Roberts Jr.

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant.

The Hormonal Characterization And Mapping Of A New Jasmonate Hypersensitive Mutant (Jah2) In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Hsin-Ho Wei

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone that plays important roles in growth, development, and defense in plants. Although many functions and mechanisms of JA are known, some pathways are still unclear. One of the simplest approaches to understanding JA signal transduction is isolating mutants that respond abnormally to JA. From the defects of such mutants we can determine the regulatory functions of JA. jasmonate hypersensitive 2 (jah2) is a JA hypersensitive mutant. JA normally inhibits the root growth of plants and the jah2 mutant has an even shorter root compared with wild-type Col-0 (wild type) under the same …

Simulation Of Barley Grain Yield Using Artificial Neural Networks And Multiple Linear Regression Models, Omar Maghawri Ibrahim Hassan

Dr. Omar Maghawri Ibrahim

Developing models for simulation of barley grain yield is important for making early prediction. To simulate barley grain yield, a simple and advanced modeling techniques were used based on a field experiment that was conducted using 40 foreign barley genetic resources from 2007/08 to 2008/09 winter seasons at Kalubia Governorate, Egypt. The barley genotypes were imported from International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria. Artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed to simulate barley grain yield. The models were constructed using the first year of field data and validated with the second …

2011 Vadose Zone Nitrate Study At Hastings, Ne (Revised), Roy F. Spalding, Martin Toavs

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In an effort to assist Hastings Utilities in the management of their well-head protection area (WHP A) and to protect the groundwater from the impact of nitrate loading from potential nonpoint and point sources, Hastings Utilities subcontracted with the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture at the University of Nebraska for deep vadose zone coring. Continuous 60-ft soil cores were obtained at 36 sites within the apparent WHP A (Figure 1). The sites were selected by Marty Stange on the basis of availability for sampling, management, landuse , cropping history, and location within the WHPA. Nitrogen analyses of these deep soil …

Genome-Wide Analysis Of Syntenic Gene Deletion In The Grasses, James C. Schnable, Michael Freeling, Eric Lyons

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The grasses, Poaceae, are one of the largest and most successful angiosperm families. Like many radiations of flowering plants, the divergence of the major grass lineages was preceded by a whole-genome duplication (WGD), although these events are not rare for flowering plants. By combining identification of syntenic gene blocks with measures of gene pair divergence and different frequencies of ancient gene loss, we have separated the two subgenomes present in modern grasses. Reciprocal loss of duplicated genes or genomic regions has been hypothesized to reproductively isolate populations and, thus, speciation. However, in contrast to previous studies in yeast and teleost …

Cambio Climático Reduciría Cultivos: El País Vería Una Baja De Entre Un 20% Y 50% En El Rendimiento Del Frijol, Maíz Y Sorgo, Por El Incremento En Las Temperaturas, Según Un Informe De La Universidad Estatal De Kansas, Rosa María Pastrán

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

El aumento de la temperatura que se producirá en los próximos 50 años, a consecuencia del cambio climático, provocaría una reducción en la producción de granos básicos en El Salvador, según un estudio del Departamento de Agronomía de la Universidad Estatal de Kansas, Estados Unidos.

En el caso de El Salvador, la investigación encontró que la temperatura actual incrementará entre 3 y 5 grados centígrados (°C). Este aumento afectará, de manera progresiva, el rendimiento de cultivos como frijol, maíz y sorgo, de acuerdo con lo que explicó el profesor Vara Prasad, quien presentó el estudio en el país.

El cultivo …

Rhythmic Growth And Vascular Development In Brachypodium Distachyon, Dominick A. Matos

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Plants reduce inorganic carbon to synthesize biomass that is comprised of mostly polysaccharides and lignin. Growth is intricately regulated by external cues such as light, temperature, and water availability and internal cues including those generated by the circadian clock. While many aspects of polymer biosynthesis are known, their regulation and distribution within the stem are poorly understood. Plant biomass is perhaps the most abundant organic substance on Earth and can be used as feedstock for energy production. Various grass species are under development as energy crops yet several of their attributes make them challenging research subjects. Brachypodium distachyon has emerged …

Mortality Impact Of Mon863 Transgenic Maize Roots On Western Corn Rootworm Larvae In The Field, T. L. Clark, D. L. Frank, B. W. French, Lance J. Meinke, D. Moellenbeck, T. T. Vaughn, B. E. Hibbard

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Mortality of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) due to feeding on MON863 transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein was evaluated at three Missouri sites in both 2003 and 2004 and at one site each in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa in 2004. To do this, survivorship relative to survivorship on isoline maize (i.e., the same genetic background, but without Cry3Bb1) was evaluated. Comparisons were made using low (1650–2500 eggs/m) and high (3300–3500 eggs/m) western corn rootworm egg densities. Significantly fewer beetles were recovered from MON863 than from isoline maize. Emergence from MON863 as …

Distribution Of Genes And Repetitive Elements In The Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Genome Estimated Using Bac Sequencing, Brad S. Coates, Analiza P. Alves, Haichuan Wang, Kimberly K. O. Walden, B. Wade French, Nicholas J. Miller, Craig A. Abel, Hugh M. Robertson, Thomas W. Sappington, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Feeding damage caused by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is destructive to corn plants in North America and Europe where control remains challenging due to evolution of resistance to chemical and transgenic toxins. A BAC library, DvvBAC1, containing 109,486 clones with 104 ± 34.5 kb inserts was created, which has an ~4.56X genome coverage based upon a 2.58 Gb (2.80 pg) flow cytometry-estimated haploid genome size. Paired end sequencing of 1037 BAC inserts produced 1.17Mb of data (~0.05% genome coverage) and indicated ~9.4 and 16.0% of reads encode, respectively, endogenous genes and transposable elements (TEs). …

Using Sex Pheromone Traps In The Decision-Making Process For Pesticide Application Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda [Smith] [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]) Larvae In Maize, Ivan Cruz, Maria De Lourdes Corrêa Figueiredo, Rafael Braga Da Silva, Ivana Fernandes Da Silva, Cristiane De Souza Paula, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize and frequently demands control measures. The timing of insecticide application is a key factor in determining its efficiency, so an experiment was designed to investigate this. Application of insecticide was based on three criteria: (i) the number of trap-caught moths in a Delta-type trap with a commercial sex pheromone lure placed in the center of the target area, soon after plant emergence; (ii) the percentage of plants exhibiting pinhole-type damage (10% or 20%), and (iii) the percentage of plants exhibiting shot hole–type damage (10% or 20%) …

Modeling An Improvement In Phosphorus Utilization In Tropical Agriculture, David Edelstein, David J. Tonjes

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Studies of Terra Preta soils have generated interest in recreating their fertility elsewhere. Much of the research has focused on soil amendment charcoal (“biochar”). Terra Preta also contains bone fragments, producing a high concentration of phosphorus. Some forecast worldwide declines in phosphorus supplies, and better agricultural system management is required to improve phosphorus use efficiency. A conceptual model is offered to consider the influence of charcoal on bioavailability of phosphorus. The model describes a system where improvements in the chemical and biological condition of the soil result in increased phosphorus availability and cycling. Mechanisms of phosphorus/charcoal interaction are considered, and …