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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology
Quercetin Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity, Restores Motor And Non-Motor Deficits Induced By Rotenone Toxicity, Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Sidrah Shahzad, Fizza Naqvi, Sadia Saleem, Sarwat Yousuf, Saara Ahmad
Quercetin Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity, Restores Motor And Non-Motor Deficits Induced By Rotenone Toxicity, Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Sidrah Shahzad, Fizza Naqvi, Sadia Saleem, Sarwat Yousuf, Saara Ahmad
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
The rotenone-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been used to investigate the pathogenesis of PD. Oxidative stress is one of the main contributors of neurodegeneration in PD. Flavonoids have the potential to modulate neuronal function and combat various neurodegenerative diseases. The pre- and post-supplementation of quercetin (50 mg/kg, p.o) was done in rats injected with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c). After the treatment, behavioral activities were monitored for motor activity, depression-like behavior, and cognitive changes. Rats were decapitated after behavioral analysis and the brain samples were dissected out for neurochemical and biochemical estimation. Results showed that supplementation of quercetin …
Systematic Review Of Polyherbal Combinations Used In Metabolic Syndrome, Amber Hanif Palla, Faridah Amin, Bilqees Fatima, Arooj Shafiq, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Ikram Ul Haq, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Gilani
Systematic Review Of Polyherbal Combinations Used In Metabolic Syndrome, Amber Hanif Palla, Faridah Amin, Bilqees Fatima, Arooj Shafiq, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Ikram Ul Haq, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Gilani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease, whose main stay of prevention and management is life-style modification which is difficult to attain. Combination of herbs have proven more efficacious in multi-targeted diseases, as compared to individual herbs owing to the "effect enhancing and side-effect neutralizing" properties of herbs, which forms the basis of polyherbal therapies This led us to review literature on the efficacy of herbal combinations in MetS.
Methods: Electronic search of literature was conducted by using Cinnahl, Pubmed central, Cochrane and Web of Science, whereas, Google scholar was used as secondary search tool. The key words used …
Repurposing Potential Of Posaconazole And Grazoprevir As Inhibitors Of Sars-Cov-2 Helicase, Syed Hani Abidi, Nahlah Makki Almansour, Daulet Amerzhanov, Khaled S. Allemailem, Wardah Rafaqat, Mahmoud A A. Ibrahim, Philip La Fleur, Martin Lukac, Syed Ali
Repurposing Potential Of Posaconazole And Grazoprevir As Inhibitors Of Sars-Cov-2 Helicase, Syed Hani Abidi, Nahlah Makki Almansour, Daulet Amerzhanov, Khaled S. Allemailem, Wardah Rafaqat, Mahmoud A A. Ibrahim, Philip La Fleur, Martin Lukac, Syed Ali
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
As the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic engulfs millions worldwide, the quest for vaccines or drugs against the virus continues. The helicase protein of SARS-CoV-2 represents an attractive target for drug discovery since inhibition of helicase activity can suppress viral replication. Using in silico approaches, we have identified drugs that interact with SARS-CoV-2 helicase based on the presence of amino acid arrangements matching binding sites of drugs in previously annotated protein structures. The drugs exhibiting an RMSD of ≤ 3.0 Å were further analyzed using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and post-MD analyses. Using these approaches, we …
Association Of Long-Term Consumption Of Repeatedly Heated Mix Vegetable Oils In Different Doses And Hepatic Toxicity Through Fat Accumulation, Gul Ambreen, Afshan Siddiq, Kashif Hussain
Association Of Long-Term Consumption Of Repeatedly Heated Mix Vegetable Oils In Different Doses And Hepatic Toxicity Through Fat Accumulation, Gul Ambreen, Afshan Siddiq, Kashif Hussain
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Hepatic diseases are one of the chief reasons for worldwide morbidity and mortality. The increased incidence in Asian countries is driving researchers to explore preventive ways from nature. It is more practical to go with healthy routine edibles like vegetable oils to avoid environmental and chemical hepatic injuries. With the use of thermally oxidized oils overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with overwhelmed cellular antioxidants defense system results in oxidative stress, the known cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Little is investigated about the effect of daily used oxidized cooking oils on hepatic function changes with …
Neurodevelopment Outcome Of Neonates Treated With Intraventricular Colistin For Ventriculitis Caused By Multiple Drug-Resistant Pathogens-A Case Series, Kashif Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Salat, Gul Ambreen, Javaid Iqbal
Neurodevelopment Outcome Of Neonates Treated With Intraventricular Colistin For Ventriculitis Caused By Multiple Drug-Resistant Pathogens-A Case Series, Kashif Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Salat, Gul Ambreen, Javaid Iqbal
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Multiple-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB)-associated neonatal ventriculitis is a life-threatening complication that needs timely diagnosis and effective treatment with broad-spectrum antimicrobials in critical-care settings. Inadequate penetration of antibiotics through the blood-brain barrier also demands an intraventricular (IVT) route of administration. This study reports mortality and neurodevelopmental sequelae of neonates till 18 months of age, who received IVT-colistin for treating MDR-GNB associated ventriculitis.
Methods: In a case series of seven neonates with ventriculitis due to MDR-GNB at NICU of Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan, between June 2015 and 2018, we reviewed IVT-colistin therapy in critically ill neonates. Treatment outcomes were assessed …
Internal Mammary Artery Flow In Different Racial Groups Of Pakistan, Mudassir Iqbal Dar, Asim Hassan Dar, Mansoor Ahmed, Abdul Haseeb, Muhammad Bilal
Internal Mammary Artery Flow In Different Racial Groups Of Pakistan, Mudassir Iqbal Dar, Asim Hassan Dar, Mansoor Ahmed, Abdul Haseeb, Muhammad Bilal
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To find out any differences in free flow of internal mammary artery among different ethnic groups.
Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January 2013 to December 2015, and comprised patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The participants were divided into 5 groups, i.e. Sindhi, Muslim migrants from India, Punjabi, Pathan and Balochi patients. Free flow of internal mammary artery was measured immediately after harvesting within a syringe, and its flow was measured in 30 seconds. SPSS 18 was used for data analysis.
Results: Of the 158 patients, 44(27.8%) …
Enhanced Physical Endurance And Improved Memory Performance Following Taurine Administration In Rats, Irfan Sajid, Saara Muddasir, Shaista Emad, Zehra Batool, Saima Khaliq, Lubna Anis, Saiqa Tabassum, Syeda Madiha, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen, Saida Haider
Enhanced Physical Endurance And Improved Memory Performance Following Taurine Administration In Rats, Irfan Sajid, Saara Muddasir, Shaista Emad, Zehra Batool, Saima Khaliq, Lubna Anis, Saiqa Tabassum, Syeda Madiha, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen, Saida Haider
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Energy drinks enhance physical endurance and cognitive ability. The ingredients present in these drinks are considered as ergogenic and have memory boosting effects. In the present study effects of taurine administration for one week was monitored on physical exercise and memory performance in rats. Animals were divided into two groups namely control and test. Taurine was injected intraperitoneally to the test group at the dose of 100mg/kg. After one week of treatment rats were subjected to physical exercise and memory task. Results of this study revealed that rats injected with taurine for one week exhibited improved muscular strength as well …
Effect Of Dichloromethane Fraction Of Areca Catechu Nut On Monoamines Associated Behaviors And Tyramine Pressor Sensitivity In Rodents, Shagufta Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Fahad Shabbir Ahmed, Attaur Rahman, Ahsana Dar
Effect Of Dichloromethane Fraction Of Areca Catechu Nut On Monoamines Associated Behaviors And Tyramine Pressor Sensitivity In Rodents, Shagufta Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Fahad Shabbir Ahmed, Attaur Rahman, Ahsana Dar
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
The current study was aimed at investigating the effect of Areca catechu nut dichloromethane fraction (7 mg/kg) on monoamines (serotonin and dopamine) modulation (5-hydroxytryptophan-induced tremors and phenylethylamine-induced stereotypes) and its interaction with tyramine (cheese effect). The dichloromethane fraction caused pronounced increase in 5-HTP-induced tremors (50%) with negligible PEA-induced stereotypes (20%). Additionally, it did not produce a significant increase in the tyramine pressor effects. These results suggest that the dichloromethane fraction of A. catechu nut primarily elevates serotonin levels (probably via monoamine oxidase A inhibition) and does not induce cheese effect.
The Analgesic And Anticonvulsant Effects Of Piperine In Mice, I A. Bukhari, M S. Alhumayyd, A L. Mahesar, A H. Gilani
The Analgesic And Anticonvulsant Effects Of Piperine In Mice, I A. Bukhari, M S. Alhumayyd, A L. Mahesar, A H. Gilani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Piperine, is the major active principal of black pepper. In traditional medicine, black pepper has been used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory agent and in the treatment of epilepsy. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of piperine in mice. The analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of piperine were studied in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick assay, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and picrotoxin (PIC)-induced seizures models. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of piperine (30, 50 and 70 mg/kg) significantly inhibited (P<0.01) the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, similar to the effect of indomethacin (20 mg/kg i.p.). In the tail flick assay, piperine (30 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant increase (P<0.01) in the reaction time of mice. Pre-treatment of animals with naloxone (5 mg/kg i.p.), reversed the analgesic effects of both piperine and morphine in the tail flick assay. Piperine (30, 50 and 70 mg/kg, i.p.) and standard drugs, valproic acid (200 mg/kg, i.p.), carbamazepine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P<0.01) delayed the onset of PTZ-and PIC-induced seizures in mice. These findings indicate that piperine exhibits analgesic and anticonvulsant effects possibly mediated via opioid and GABA-ergic pathways respectively. Moreover, piperine being the main constituent of black pepper, may be contributing factor in the medicinal uses of black pepper in pain and epilepsy
Blood Pressure Lowering And Vasomodulator Effects Of Piperine, Syed Intasar Husain Taqvi, Abdul Jabbar Shah, Anwar Gilani
Blood Pressure Lowering And Vasomodulator Effects Of Piperine, Syed Intasar Husain Taqvi, Abdul Jabbar Shah, Anwar Gilani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
This study was aimed to explore underlying mechanism(s) of cardiovascular effects of piperine. Intravenous administration of piperine caused a dose-dependent (1 to 10 mg/kg) decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in normotensive anesthetized rats, the next higher dose (30 mg/kg) did not cause any further change in MAP. The fall in blood pressure (BP) was followed by small increase in MAP after each dose. In Langendorrf's rabbit heart preparation, piperine caused partial inhibition and verapamil caused complete inhibition of force and rate of ventricular contractions and coronary flow. In rabbit aortic rings, piperine inhibited high K(+) (80 mM) precontractions and …
Critical Evaluation Of The Claims Made By Pharmaceutical Companies In Drug Promotional Material In Pakistan, Dileep Kumar Rohra, Anwarul Hassan Gilani, Ismail Kamal Memon, Ghazala Perven, Muhammad Talha Khan, Hina Zafar, Rakesh Kumar
Critical Evaluation Of The Claims Made By Pharmaceutical Companies In Drug Promotional Material In Pakistan, Dileep Kumar Rohra, Anwarul Hassan Gilani, Ismail Kamal Memon, Ghazala Perven, Muhammad Talha Khan, Hina Zafar, Rakesh Kumar
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: In Pakistan, there is no mechanism to monitor the drug promotional campaign by pharmaceutical industry despite the fact that there is enough evidence that irrational pharmacotherapy is increasingly encountered even in the developed countries due to unethical practices of pharmaceutical promotion. Objectives. To audit the drug promotional claims made by the pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan.
Methods: Drug promotional pamphlets and brochures containing claims for the drugs, which were circulated by the pharmaceuticalrepresentatives were collected from 122 general practitioners (GPs) from Karachi and Larkana cities of the Sindh Province. The claims were critically analyzed and audited with the help of …
Bronchodilator, Spasmolytic And Calcium Antagonist Activities Of Nigella Sativa Seeds (Kalonji): A Traditional Herbal Product With Multiple Medicinal Uses, A H. Gilani, N Aziz, I M. Khurram, K S. Chaudhary, A Iqbal
Bronchodilator, Spasmolytic And Calcium Antagonist Activities Of Nigella Sativa Seeds (Kalonji): A Traditional Herbal Product With Multiple Medicinal Uses, A H. Gilani, N Aziz, I M. Khurram, K S. Chaudhary, A Iqbal
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: The seeds of Nigella sativa locally known as "Kalonji" has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diarrhoea and asthma. The crude extract of N. sativa seeds (Ns.Cr) was studied in vitro for its possible spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities to rationalize the folkloric uses.
Methods: Isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig tracheal preparations were set up in Tyrode's and Kreb's solutions respectively and aerated with 5% CO2 in oxygen. Isotonic and isometric responses were measured on Bioscience oscillograph and Grass polygraph respectively.Results: The Ns.Cr caused a dose-dependent (0.1-3.0 mg/ml) relaxation of spontaneous contractions …
Cholera Toxin Mediated Regulation Of The Expression Of Gq Alpha And G11 Alpha Gtp Binding Proteins, B H. Shah
Cholera Toxin Mediated Regulation Of The Expression Of Gq Alpha And G11 Alpha Gtp Binding Proteins, B H. Shah
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Previously it has been shown that persistent activation of the stimulatory adenylyl cyclase pathway with cholera toxin (CT) downregulates the Gs alpha polypeptide (80%) in a cAMP-independent manner in C6 glioma cells (Shah, 1997). This study was conducted to examine the short and long term effects of CT on the regulation of pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins and their transcripts in C6 glioma cells. Treatment of C6 cells with CT (100 ng/ml) up to 16 h had no effect on either Gi or Gq/11 alpha proteins. However, prolonged exposure (24-48 h) caused increased expression of Gi (20-30%) and Gq/11 …
Co-Activation Of Gi And Gq Proteins Exerts Synergistic Effect On Human Platelet Aggregation Through Activation Of Phospholipase C And Ca2+ Signalling Pathways, B H. Shah, A Siddiqui, K A. Qureshi, M Khan, S Rafi, V A. Ujan, M Y. Yakoob, Y Yaqub, H Rasheed, S A. Saeed
Co-Activation Of Gi And Gq Proteins Exerts Synergistic Effect On Human Platelet Aggregation Through Activation Of Phospholipase C And Ca2+ Signalling Pathways, B H. Shah, A Siddiqui, K A. Qureshi, M Khan, S Rafi, V A. Ujan, M Y. Yakoob, Y Yaqub, H Rasheed, S A. Saeed
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Our previous studies have shown that subthreshold concentrations of two platelet agonists exert synergistic effects on platelet aggregation. Here we studied the mechanism of synergistic interaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and epinephrine mediated platelet aggregation. We show that 5-HT had no or little effect on aggregation but it did potentiate the aggregation response of epinephrine. The synergistic interaction of 5-HT (1-5 microM) and epinephrine (0.5-2 microM) was inhibited by alpha2-adrenoceptor blocker (yohimbine; IC50= 0.4 microM), calcium channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem with IC50 of 10 and 48 mM, respectively), PLC inhibitor (U73122; IC50=6 microM) and nitric oxide (NO) donor, SNAP (IC50=1.6 …
Atherosclerosis And Plaque Rupture: An Update, M N. Afzal, S A. Saeed, B H. Shah
Atherosclerosis And Plaque Rupture: An Update, M N. Afzal, S A. Saeed, B H. Shah
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Lipoproteins On Cyclo-Oxygenase And Lipoxygenase Pathways In Human Platelets, S A. Saeed, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani, B H. Shah
Effects Of Lipoproteins On Cyclo-Oxygenase And Lipoxygenase Pathways In Human Platelets, S A. Saeed, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani, B H. Shah
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
The products of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in platelets play an important role in platelet shape change, adhesion and aggregation which may participate in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease and thrombosis. Since lipoproteins are also involved in the pathogenesis of thrombo-embolic disorders, the effect of human lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL) on AA metabolism in human platelets was investigated. Lipoproteins were separated by density gradient zonal ultracentrifugation. The effects of lipoproteins on production of AA metabolites in human platelets i.e., thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) were examined using radiometric thin layer chromatography coupled with automated data integrator system. …
An Update On Hyperlipidemia And Its Management, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani
An Update On Hyperlipidemia And Its Management, R A. Memon, A H. Gilani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Altered Platelet Activating Factor Metabolism In Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, R A. Memon, S A. Saeed, A Jabbar, A Jafri, A H. Gilani, S Saleem, H Akbani
Altered Platelet Activating Factor Metabolism In Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, R A. Memon, S A. Saeed, A Jabbar, A Jafri, A H. Gilani, S Saleem, H Akbani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Diabetes mellitus is associated with several abnormalities of platelet function. Recent studies have shown that the blood level of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inducer of platelet aggregation, is elevated in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and remains unchanged in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. However, the mechanism of this increase in PAF levels has not been determined. In this study we have measured the activity of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (an enzyme that regulates PAF levels) and lipoprotein levels in control subjects and diabetic patients. The data presented show that plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity is significantly decreased in …
Antithrombotic Activity Of Clove Oil, Shaikh A. Saeed, A H. Gilani
Antithrombotic Activity Of Clove Oil, Shaikh A. Saeed, A H. Gilani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Clove oil inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), platelet-activating factor (PAF) or collagen. Clove oil was a more effective inhibitor for aggregation induced by AA and PAF (IC50:4 and 6 microM respectively) than collagen (IC50: 132 microM). The in vivo experiments in rabbits showed that clove oil (50-100 mg/kg) afforded 100% protection against PAF (11 mg/kg, i.v.) and 70% protection against AA (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.)-induced thrombosis and shock due to pulmonary platelet thrombosis. It also inhibited thromboxane-A2 and 12-HETE production by human platelets incubated with [C14] AA. These results are indicative that clove oil is inhibitory of …
Possible Presence Of Calcium Channel Blocker(S) In Rubia Cordifolia: An Indigenous Medicinal Plant, A H. Gilani, K H. Janbaz, M Zaman, A Lateef, A Suria, H R. Ahmed
Possible Presence Of Calcium Channel Blocker(S) In Rubia Cordifolia: An Indigenous Medicinal Plant, A H. Gilani, K H. Janbaz, M Zaman, A Lateef, A Suria, H R. Ahmed
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Crude extract of Rubia cordifolia (RC) was tested in isolated tissue preparations for its possible calcium channel antagonistic activity. RC suppressed the spontaneous contractions of guinea-pig atria, rabbit jejunum and rat uterus in a concentration dependent manner (0.1-3 mg/ml). In rabbit aorta, it inhibited norepinephrine (10 microM) and KCl (80 mM) induced contractions. Replacement of physiological salt solution with calcium free solution abolished the spontaneous movements of rabbit jejunum. However, addition of calcium (25 micrograms/ml) in the tissue bath restored the spontaneous movements. When the tissues were pretreated with plant extract (1 mg/ml) or verapamil (0.5 microgram/ml), addition of calcium …
Hepatoprotective Effects Of Artemisia Scoparia Against Carbon Tetrachloride: An Environmental Contaminant, A H. Gilani, K H. Janbaz
Hepatoprotective Effects Of Artemisia Scoparia Against Carbon Tetrachloride: An Environmental Contaminant, A H. Gilani, K H. Janbaz
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
The hepatoprotective activity of crude extract of artemisia scoparia (aerial parts) was investigated against experimentally produced hepatic damage using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as a model hepatotoxin. CCl4 at the dose of 1.5 ml/kg, produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum levels of AST and ALT to 395 +/- 110 and 258 +/- 61 IU/l (mean +/- SEM; n = 10) respectively, compared to control values of 106 +/- 15 and 26 +/- 04. Pretreatment of rats with plant extract (150 mg/kg) significantly lowered (P < 0.01), the respective serum GOT and GPT levels to 93 +/- 05 and 27 +/- 03 IU/l, indicating hepatoprotective action. Pentobarbital sodium (75 mg/kg)-induced sleeping time in mice was found to be 140.8 +/- 1.5 min (n = 10) which was similar (P > 0.05) to that obtained in the group of animals pretreated with …
Trace Element Studies On Karachi Populations Part V: Blood Lead Levels In Normal Healthy Adults And Grammar School Children, W W. Manser, R Lalani, S Haider, M A. Khan
Trace Element Studies On Karachi Populations Part V: Blood Lead Levels In Normal Healthy Adults And Grammar School Children, W W. Manser, R Lalani, S Haider, M A. Khan
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Blood lead levels of healthy Karachi population were estimated. Mean levels for males, females, soldiers and school children were 34.4, 31.8, 29.9 and 38.2 micrograms/dl respectively. About 93% cases of either sex had elevated lead levels, of whom 30% males and 10% females had levels above the safety limits (40 micrograms/dl). Soldiers living in relatively pollution free area though had levels lower than the rest of the population but 91% had levels over 25 micrograms/dl and only two had acceptable levels. Ninety-two percent children showed levels above 25 micrograms/dl with a large number having levels over 40 micrograms/dl. A very …
Inhibitor(S) Of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase And Lipoxygenase Activity In Extracts Of Barley, S Salam
Inhibitor(S) Of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase And Lipoxygenase Activity In Extracts Of Barley, S Salam
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Aqueous extract of barley was found to inhibit PG endoperoxide synthase and lipoxygenase enzymes responsible for arachidonic acid metabolism. Only 6% (v/v) of aqueous extract produced 50% inhibition of PG endoperoxide synthase while five times more extract was required to produce 50% inhibition of lipoxygenase. Boiling barley extract did not destroy the ability of the extract to inhibit the enzymes. Fractionation of barley with organic solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and acetone exhibited selectivity in its action in that foamy layer formed during petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extraction inhibited PG endoperoxide synthase completely whereas lipoxygenase activity was only partially …