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Articles 1 - 30 of 36
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology
Comparative Studies On Biochemical And Pharmacological Profiles Of Unfractionated Heparins & Their Depolymerized Derivatives From Bovine, Ovine And Porcine Origins, Ahmed Kouta
Dissertations
Heparin and heparin related drugs have remained the anticoagulant of choice for medical and surgical indications. These drugs are comprised of poly-component sulfated chains of varying length and biophysical structure with direct and indirect pharmacological effects. Heparins produce their therapeutic effects by multiple mechanisms involving both the cellular and humoral targets. These drugs represent natural products which are isolated from mammalian tissue rich in mast cells. Currently used heparin and LMWHs are obtained from porcine mucosal tissue. Other animal sources including bovine and ovine tissues also provide additional sources for the manufacturing of heparins. While there may be microchemical and …
Reducing Reperfusion Injury In An Adult Rat Stroke Model With St-115 Treatment, Morgan Rae Lenz
Reducing Reperfusion Injury In An Adult Rat Stroke Model With St-115 Treatment, Morgan Rae Lenz
Master's Theses
The restoration of blood flow to ischemic cerebral tissue can result in reperfusion injury, and blocking reperfusion injury can significantly aid in recovery of ischemic tissue. Bradykinin has been shown to exhibit protective effects, but does not reach protective levels during reperfusion due to inactivation by aminopeptidase P2 (APP2). Therefore, inhibiting APP2 during reperfusion is a potential therapeutic strategy to aid in the reduction of reperfusion injury, leading to the development of ST-115, an APP2 inhibitor. It was hypothesized that administration of ST-115 during ischemic stroke, and just prior to reperfusion, will result in reduced neurological injury and increased functional …
Elucidation Of The Molecular Mechanisms Of Electrically-Induced Cardioprotection, Anne Elizabeth Roessler
Elucidation Of The Molecular Mechanisms Of Electrically-Induced Cardioprotection, Anne Elizabeth Roessler
Dissertations
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a major event in cardiovascular disease characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart. The ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with an MI results in a region of dead tissue in the heart called an infarct, the size of which influences patient prognosis. In the 1980s, it was discovered that short, non-lethal episodes of I/R, termed ischemic preconditioning (IPC), can protect the heart against a subsequent MI. Ischemic preconditioning demonstrated the phenomenon of endogenous cardioprotection. Cardioprotection has great potential …
Examining The Regulation Of Kv7 K+ Channels In Airway Smooth Muscle Cells And Their Potential As Novel Therapeutic Targets For The Treatment Of Asthma, Jennifer Haick
Dissertations
Asthma is a disease characterized by nonspecific and exaggerated airway narrowing, termed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which involves the excessive contraction of airway smooth muscle. Despite the fact that airway smooth muscle is widely studied and understood to play a role in AHR, little is known about the specifics of that role. Our laboratory recently found that Kv7 potassium (K+) channels are expressed in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Kv7 channels are voltage sensitive K+ channels whose outward flux of K+ ions promotes a negative resting membrane voltage in excitable cells, thereby opposing electrical excitability. Inhibition of K+ channels is known …
Phosphodiesterase Inhibition As A Mechanism Of Ion Channel Modulation By Celecoxib, Christina Jean Robakowski
Phosphodiesterase Inhibition As A Mechanism Of Ion Channel Modulation By Celecoxib, Christina Jean Robakowski
Master's Theses
The overall objective of this thesis work is to determine the mechanism by which celecoxib modulates Kv7 potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. The central hypothesis of the project is that celecoxib modulates Kv7 potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells through inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4, which catalyzes the breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)), thereby activating a cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. The aims of this thesis targeted different points in the cAMP/PKA pathway with pharmacological interventions using whole cell perforated patch clamp electrophysiology and biochemical methods.
The data suggest multiple mechanisms by which celecoxib could …
Vascular Kv7 (Kcnq) Potassium Channels As Therapeutic Targets In Cerebral Vasospasm, Bharath Kumar Mani
Vascular Kv7 (Kcnq) Potassium Channels As Therapeutic Targets In Cerebral Vasospasm, Bharath Kumar Mani
Dissertations (6 month embargo)
Cerebral vasospasm, a grave sequel to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is characterized by prolonged severe constriction of arteries in the base of the brain, including the basilar artery. Spasmogens (serotonin, endothelin and vasopressin), elevated in response to SAH, induce persistent depolarization of the myocytes in the artery wall, leading to continuous influx of calcium (Ca2+) through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels (VSCC) resulting in hyperconstriction (spasm). The spasm of the arteries restricts blood flow to the brain, inducing ischemic neurological deficits and consequential high morbidity and mortality. The cellular pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is poorly understood and the therapeutic options are limited.
Kv7 …
Compositional Determinants Of The Pharmacological Actions Of Heparins, Angel Lee Gray-Shah
Compositional Determinants Of The Pharmacological Actions Of Heparins, Angel Lee Gray-Shah
Dissertations
This dissertation primarily focuses on how differences in molecular weight (MW) and structural composition affect the pharmacological activity of heparin and its derivatives. Heparins are a mixture of glycosaminoglycans chains which are used to prevent thrombosis in a number of clinical indications. Heparins promote the inhibition of blood coagulation via their plasmatic cofactors antithrombin (AT) and heparin cofactor II (HCII).
In these studies, various heparins with molecular weights ranging from 2.6 to 16.5 kDa were investigated. Not only the molecular weight but also the oligosaccharide composition greatly varied in these agents. One of the major objectives of this research was …
Kv7 K+ Channels In Airway Smooth Muscle Cells As Target For Asthma Therapy, Priyanka Prakash Kakad
Kv7 K+ Channels In Airway Smooth Muscle Cells As Target For Asthma Therapy, Priyanka Prakash Kakad
Master's Theses
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is an important etiological feature of asthma, the molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood, thus preventing development of specific and effective therapies. We investigate the role played by Kv7 voltage-activated potassium channels in the pathophysiology of AHR and evaluate the significance of their regulation in treatment of asthma. Our studies provide the first evidence for expression of multiple Kv7 channels in guinea pig and human airways and demonstrate that the expression of Kv7 channels is reduced in allergen-sensitized guinea pig airways. Our ex vivo functional studies reveal that clinically available Kv7 channel activators attenuate the bronchoconstrictor …
Gabab Regulation Of Methamphetamine-Induced Associative Learning, Robin Michelle Voigt
Gabab Regulation Of Methamphetamine-Induced Associative Learning, Robin Michelle Voigt
Dissertations
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder for which strikingly few effective therapies exist, and there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine (Meth) addition. There is an immense need to identify the neurobiological underpinnings of psychostimulant addiction and develop efficacious drug therapies to compliment the current mainstay treatment of behavioral/cognitive therapy.
Re-exposure to cues associated with psychostimulants (e.g., drug paraphernalia) increase neuronal activity and can elicit drug-craving and -seeking; an effect which is profound and long-lasting. A mechanism to disrupt those brain processes which are necessary to maintain the association may reduce the incidence of cue-elicited relapse.
Conditioned place preference (CPP) …
Corticosteroid Modulation Of Hippocampal Neural Activity, Dayne Y. Okuhara
Corticosteroid Modulation Of Hippocampal Neural Activity, Dayne Y. Okuhara
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Characterization Of Adaptive Changes In 5-Htia Receptor Systems Induced By Repeated Injections Of 5-Ht Uptake Inhibitors, Qian Li
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Amyloid-β Deposition In Rat Brain: Histopathological And Functional Sequelae, Einar M. Sigurdsson
Amyloid-β Deposition In Rat Brain: Histopathological And Functional Sequelae, Einar M. Sigurdsson
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Af64a On Rat Brain Septo-Hippocampal And Striatal Cholinergic Systems: A Neurochemical And Molecular Analysis, Qing Ivy Fan
Effect Of Af64a On Rat Brain Septo-Hippocampal And Striatal Cholinergic Systems: A Neurochemical And Molecular Analysis, Qing Ivy Fan
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Characterization Of Central Serotonergic Alterations In Male Rats Following Prenatal Exposure To Fluoxetine, Theresa M. Cabrera
Characterization Of Central Serotonergic Alterations In Male Rats Following Prenatal Exposure To Fluoxetine, Theresa M. Cabrera
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Androgen Receptors In The Hippocampus: Localization, Autoregulation, And Modulation Of Gene Expression In The Adult Male Rat, Janice E. Kerr
Androgen Receptors In The Hippocampus: Localization, Autoregulation, And Modulation Of Gene Expression In The Adult Male Rat, Janice E. Kerr
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Relationships Between The Expression Of Genes Involved In The Regulation Of Apoptosis And Cell Death Induced By Nitrogen Mustard In Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines, Greggory Bernard Herbert
Relationships Between The Expression Of Genes Involved In The Regulation Of Apoptosis And Cell Death Induced By Nitrogen Mustard In Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines, Greggory Bernard Herbert
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Pharmacologic Studies On Synthetic Analogues Of Heparin With Selective Affinity To Endogenous Serine Protease Inhibitors, Walter P. Jeske
Pharmacologic Studies On Synthetic Analogues Of Heparin With Selective Affinity To Endogenous Serine Protease Inhibitors, Walter P. Jeske
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Comparative Pharmacologic Studies On Synthetic And Recombinant Inhibitors Of Thrombin, Demetra D. Callas
Comparative Pharmacologic Studies On Synthetic And Recombinant Inhibitors Of Thrombin, Demetra D. Callas
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Dopaminergic Modulation Of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons, Mary Elizabeth Muench
Dopaminergic Modulation Of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons, Mary Elizabeth Muench
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Interaction Of O6-Benzylguanine And Streptozotocin In The Inactivation Of O6-Methylguanine Dna Methyltransferase And The Reversal Of 1,3 Bis (2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea Resistance, Upendra Kumar Marathi
The Interaction Of O6-Benzylguanine And Streptozotocin In The Inactivation Of O6-Methylguanine Dna Methyltransferase And The Reversal Of 1,3 Bis (2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea Resistance, Upendra Kumar Marathi
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Central Serotonergic Stimulation Of Renin Secretion, Peter Andrew Rittenhouse
Central Serotonergic Stimulation Of Renin Secretion, Peter Andrew Rittenhouse
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Synaptic Transmission In The Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion Of The Rabbit: An Electrophysiological And Immunohistochemical Study, Mark Alan Simmons
Synaptic Transmission In The Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion Of The Rabbit: An Electrophysiological And Immunohistochemical Study, Mark Alan Simmons
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Stress, Neurotransmitters And Avoidance Acquisition, Daniel Leo Richardson
Stress, Neurotransmitters And Avoidance Acquisition, Daniel Leo Richardson
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
The Short And Long Term Effects Of Opiates On Myenteric Neurons, Peter J. Karras
The Short And Long Term Effects Of Opiates On Myenteric Neurons, Peter J. Karras
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Isolated Frog Brainstem Technique: Analysis Of Neural Correlates Of Mating Calling And Possible Use In Drug Studies, David Douglas Schaffer
Isolated Frog Brainstem Technique: Analysis Of Neural Correlates Of Mating Calling And Possible Use In Drug Studies, David Douglas Schaffer
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Studies On The Activation And Inhibition Of Erythrocytic Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (Alad), Michael James Avram
Studies On The Activation And Inhibition Of Erythrocytic Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (Alad), Michael James Avram
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Actions Of L-Methyl-3-Isobutyl Xanthine On The Cat Neuromuscular Junction, Alan C. Roman
Actions Of L-Methyl-3-Isobutyl Xanthine On The Cat Neuromuscular Junction, Alan C. Roman
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
A Neuropharmacological Analysis Of Retinal Function In The Isolated Perfused Frog Eye, Anthony Louis Marchese
A Neuropharmacological Analysis Of Retinal Function In The Isolated Perfused Frog Eye, Anthony Louis Marchese
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Peptide Systems In The Myenteric Plexus: Extracellular Recording, John T. Williams
Peptide Systems In The Myenteric Plexus: Extracellular Recording, John T. Williams
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
A Neuropharmacological Evaluation Of Visual Adaptation In The Isolated Frog Retina, Gerald W. Devries
A Neuropharmacological Evaluation Of Visual Adaptation In The Isolated Frog Retina, Gerald W. Devries
Dissertations
No abstract provided.