Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Introduction To Special Issue On Radiation Effects, P. Andrew Karam

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "How dangerous is radiation? How much radiation does it take to give us cancer? Are we wasting money on overly restrictive regulations, or are we not being sufficiently protective of our radiation workers and the public? How much clean-up is necessary on our Department of Energy facilities? What about Yucca Mountain and nuclear reactor plants – can they be made safe?

These are only a few of the questions that have been asked, and will continue to be asked, about radiation. Unfortunately, these all come down, in part or in whole, to the question “What is the shape of …

Historical Development Of The Linear Nonthreshold Dose-Response Model As Applied To Radiation, Ronald L. Kathren

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "Despite the nearly universal adoption of the linear nonthreshold dose response model (LNT) as the primary basis for radiation protection standards for the past half century, the LNT remains highly controversial and a contentious topic of discussion among health physicists, radiation biologists, and other radiological scientists. Indeed, it has been pointed out that the LNT has assumed the status of a paradigm, synonymous with an ideal, standard, or paragon or perhaps to some, a sacred cow. Reduced to its very basics, the LNT postulates that every increment of ionizing radiation dose, however small, carries with it a commensurate increase …

The Debate On The Health Effects Attributable To Low Radiation Exposure, Abel J. Gonzalez

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "Few scientific issues have aroused passions more than the dispute about the health effects attributable to low levels of exposure to ionizing radiation (or radiation in short) and the currently authoritative dose response hypothesis, termed “linear non-threshold,” or LNT. Finding out whether health effects are induced by low-level radiation exposures, and if so, what they are, has become a kind of contest rather than a serious scientific inquiry. Sometimes it seems that rationality, or a methodical examination of the unknown, has disappeared from this debate. While the confrontation of different hypotheses is typical in academic discussions – at least …

Effects Of The Shape Of The Radiation Dose-Response Curve On Public Acceptance Of Radiation And Nuclear Energy, Audeen W. Fentiman

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “The public generally accepts the premise that exposure to radiation can have an undesirable effect. Furthermore, it believes that as the radiation dose increases, the magnitude of the effect will increase. On the other hand, while the background radiation dose varies from a few hundred millirem/year (a few millisieverts/yr) in some places to a few thousand millirem/yr (tens of millisieverts/yr) in others, researchers have been unable to find a correlation between the level of background radiation and incidence of cancer or other maladies attributable to radiation.

…

Because there is considerable controversy about the relationship between radiation dose and …

Guidelines For The Management Of Microbial Food Safety In Fruit Packing Houses, Tony Portman, Elizabeth Frankish, Graham Mcalpine

Bulletins 4000 -

The fresh produce industry has undergone significant change in recent years in the application of quality assurance to business operations. The quality assurance schemes implemented such as the SQF^CM programs, have generally served to provide a focus on food quality and operational issues, as well as food safety. Improvements of all aspects of the operations are identified to provide consistent quality, safe produce.

Inhibition Of Amyloid-Β Aggregation And Caspase-3 Activation By The Ginkgo Biloba Extract Egb761, Yuan Luo, Julie V. Smith, Vijaykumar Paramasivam, Adam Burdick, Kenneth J. Curry, Justin P. Buford, Ikhlas Khan, William J. Netzer, Huaxi Xu, Peter Butko

Faculty Publications

Standardized extract from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, labeled EGb761, has been used in clinical trials for its beneficial effects on brain functions, particularly in connection with age-related dementias and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Substantial experimental evidence indicates that EGb761 protects against neuronal damage from a variety of insults, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Using a neuroblastoma cell line stably expressing an AD-associated double mutation, we report that EGb761 inhibits formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils, which are the diagnostic, and possibly causative, feature of AD. The decreased Aβ fibrillogenesis in the presence of EGb761 was observed …

Kalirin Dbl-Homology Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 1 Domain Initiates New Axon Outgrowths Via Rhog-Mediated Mechanisms, Victor May, Martin R. Schiller, Betty A. Eipper, Richard E. Mains

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The large multidomain Kalirin and Trio proteins containing dual Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains have been implicated in the regulation of neuronal fiber extension and pathfinding during evelopment. In mammals, Kalirin is expressed predominantly in the nervous system, whereas Trio, broadly expressed throughout the body, is expressed at a lower level in the nervous system. To evaluate the role of Kalirin in fiber initiation and outgrowth, we microinjected cultured sympathetic neurons with vectors encoding Kalirin or with Kalirin antisense oligonucleotides, and we assessed neuronal fiber growth in a serum-free, satellite cell-free environment. Kalirin antisense oligonucleotides blocked the …

Effects Of Ethanol On The Toxicity And Metabolism Of Acetonitrile And Acrylonitrile, Nancy Ochoa-Garza

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This study examined the effects of ethanol on the toxicities and metabolism of two aliphatic nitriles: acetonitrile and acrylonitrile (one unsaturated and one saturated aliphatic nitrile, respectively) in male Sprague-Dawley rats at four different time intervals. Toxicity signs were apparent in all animals given the nitrile dosage, but those treated with ethanol dosages showed signs of toxicity earlier than those treated with glucose dosages. Both of the nitrites were metabolized to cyanide and thiocyanate. The concentration levels of each metabolite was apparent at 2 and 3 g/kg ethanol dosage for acetonitrile and 3 and 4.5 g/kg ethanol dosage for acrylonitrile …

Characterization Of The Dust/Smoke Aerosol That Settled East Of The World Trade Center (Wtc) In Lower Manhattan After The Collapse Of The Wtc 11 September 2001, Paul J. Lioy, Clifford P. Weisel, Et Al, Robert C. Hale

VIMS Articles

The explosion and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers, residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September 2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC on 16 and 17 September 200 1; these samples are representative of the generated material that settled immediately after the explosion and fire and the concurrent collapse of the two structures. We analyzed each sample, not differentiated by particle Size, for inorganic and organic composition. In the …

Five-Hundred Life-Saving Interventions And Their Misuse In The Debate Over Regulatory Reform, Lisa Heinzerling

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author argues that John D. Graham, administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, holds strong anti-environmental biases and has perpetuated and encouraged a misrepresentation of his own research, which has largely influenced health, safety, and environmental regulation.

Modulatory Effects Of Citrus Flavonoids Towards The Metabolism And Mutagenicity Of Environmental Carcinogens, Wayne L. Bear

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The environmental carcinogens classified as heterocyclic amines (HCA’s) and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK generally require internal enzymatic activation. This activation occurs via cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and leads to metabolites that bind to human DNA which may in turn cause mutations which may then in turn lead to carcinogenesis. Certain nonnutritive plant compounds termed phytochemicals may protect against HCA and NNK-induced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. We investigated the potential protective effects of five different phytochemicals of the flavonoid class which naturally occur in citrus. These flavonoids were diosmin, naringin. naringenin, rutin, and quercetin. Our results suggest that naringenin and quercetin were …

Licensing And Operations Of The Clive, Utah Low-Level Continerized Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility - A Continuation Of Excellence, M.R. Ledoux, M.S. Cade

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Envirocare’s Containerized Waste Facility (CWF) is the first commercial low-level radioactive waste disposal facility to be licensed in the 21st century and the first new site to be opened and operated since the late 1970’s. The licensing of this facility has been the culmination of over a decade’s effort by Envirocare of Utah at their Clive, Utah site. With the authorization to receive and dispose of higher activity containerized Class A low-level radioactive waste (LLRW), this facility has provided critical access to disposal for the nuclear power industry, as well as the related research and medical communities. This paper chronicles …

Variability Of Placental Expression Of Cyclin E Low Molecular Weight Variants, A Bukovsky, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Mr Caudle, J Wimalasena, Js Foster, Ja Keenan, Rf Elder

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology

No abstract provided.

Oxidation-Reduction Characteristics Of Chlorophenols In An Aprotic Medium, Cecil A. Sorrells, Ali U. Shaikh, Victor M. Samokyszyn

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Eighteen chlorophenols, containing from one to five chlorine atoms on the benzene ring at various positions, have been studied by cyclic voltammetric methods to evaluate their oxidation-reduction characteristics in an aprotic medium. The compounds were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide containing 0.10 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte and were then both oxidized and reduced on a glassy carbon electrode. The results indicate that phenols oxidize in a one-step process to phenoxium ion which dimerizes to quinone ether. The ether can be reduced back to phenol in a two-step reduction process. The oxidation potential of the chlorophenols varies with the number …

A System For Increasing The Production Of Indole And Quinolone Alkaloids (China Patent 162720), Shiyou Li

NCPC Publications and Patents

No abstract provided.

Reactivity Profiles Of Ligands Of Mammalian Retinoic Acid Receptors: A Preliminary Corepa Analysis, Steven P. Bradbury, G. T. Ankley, O. G. Mekenyan, V. . Kamenska, P. K. Schmieder

Steven P. Bradbury

Retinoic acid and associated derivatives comprise a class of endogenous hormones that bind to and activate different families of retinoic acid receptors (RARs, RXRs), and control many aspects of vertebrate development. Identification of potential RAR and RXR ligands is of interest both from a pharmaceutical and toxicological perspective. The recently developed COREPA (COmmon REactivity PAttern) algorithm was used to establish reactivity profiles for a limited data set of retinoid receptor ligands in terms of activation of three RARs (a, b, g) and an RXR (a). Conformational analysis of a training set of retinoids and related analogues in terms of thermodynamic …

Variability Of Placental Expression Of Cyclin E Low Molecular Weight Variants, A Bukovsky, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Mr Caudle, J Wimalasena, Js Foster, Ja Keenan, Rf Elder

Maria Cekanova MS, RNDr, PhD

No abstract provided.

Uncertainties In Sediment Quality Weight-Of-Evidence (Woe) Assessments, Graeme E. Batley, G. Allen Burton, Peter M. Chapman, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

Uncertainties in sediment quality assessments are discussed in five categories: (1) sediment sampling, transport and storage; (2) sediment chemistry; (3) ecotoxicology; (4) benthic community structure; and (5) data uncertainties and QA/QC. Three major exposure routes are considered: whole sediments, and waters in sediment pores and at the sediment-water interface. If these uncertainties are not recognized and addressed in the assessment process, then erroneous conclusions may result. Recommendations are provided for addressing the identified uncertainties in each of the key areas. The purpose of this paper is to improve the reporting of sediment quality assessments.

Determination Of Volatile Compounds From Hoy A Carnosa Flowers (Asclepiadaceae)(การวิเคราะห์หาสารประกอบที่ระเหยได้จากดอก Hoya Carnosa (Asclepiadaceae)), Jankana Burana-Osot, Gerhard Buchbauer

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The volatile components from Hoya carnosa (L. f.) R. Br. flowers (Asclepiadaceae) were determined by three extraction methods: hydrodistillation, headspace trapping and solid-phase microextraction. The extracts were analyzed and identified by GC-FID and ...

The Enhancing Effects Of Common Pharmaceutical Solvents On The In Vitro Skin Permeation Of Estradiol(ผลเร่งของตัวทำละลายสามัญทางเภสัชกรรมต่อการดูดซึมสู่..., Punolpan Pithayanukul, Nanti Chansri, Kenji Sugibayashi

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Permeation of a model lipophilic drug, estradiol, through newborn pig skin was investigated using Franz’s diffusion cell at 30° c to evaluate the penetration-enhancing effect of common pharmaceutical solvents: ethanol, propylene glycol, isopropyl myri...

Predicting Metal Interactions With A Novel Quantitative Ion Character -Activity Relationship (Qicar) Approach, David R. Ownby

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Environmental toxicologists adopted QSARs from pharmacology fairly early on to predict organic contaminant toxicity. In contrast, models relating metal ion characteristics to their bioactivity remain poorly explored and underutillized. Quantitative Ion Character-Activity Relationships (QICARs) have recently been developed to predict metal toxicity. The QICAR approach based on metal-ligand binding tendencies has been applied to a wide range of effects, species, and media on a single metal basis. In previous single metal studies, a softness parameter and the ; log of KOH ; were the ion qualities with the highest predictive value for toxicity. Here, QICAR modeling was brought a step …

Effect Of H2-Antagonists On Paracellular Drug Absorption(ผลของ H2-Antagonists ต่อการดูดซึมยาทาง Paracellular), Nusara Piyapolrungroj, Vichien Leelasangaluk

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of H2-antagonists on the absorption of co-administered drugs. Methods: Permeability across Caco-2 monolayers of various small drugs transported by transcellular or paracellular pathway w...

Risk Factors Of Antituberculosis Drugs-Induced Hepatotoxicity In Thai Patients(ปัจจัยเสี่ยงของการเกิดพิษต่อตับจากยาต้านวัณโรคในผู้ป่วยคนไ..., Sarinee Kiittiyanunt, Rungpetch Sakulbamrungsil, Supakit Wongwiwatthananukit, Wisan Suthiputthanangoon

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The purpose of this retrospective-analytical research, unmatched case-control was to determine the rate and risk factors of hepatotoxicity in inpatients with tuberculosis at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The patients who received three antituberc...

Effect Of Valproyl Morpholine On Rat Hepatic Cytochrome P450 : In Vivo And In Vitro Studies(ผลของวัลโปรอิล มอร์โฟลิน ต่อเอนไซม์ไซโตโครมพี 450 ในตับหนู..., Somsong Lawanprasert, Pornpimol Kijsanayotin, Nuansri Niwattisaiwong, Kanlayanee Yana, Mayuree Tantisira, Chamnan Patarapamch

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Effect of valproyl morpholine (VPM) on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) was investigated. Median effective anticonvulsant dose of VPM in mice (100 mg/kg/day) as well as of valproic acid (VPA, the prototype of VPM) (250 mg/kg/day) were given intraperiton...

Antimicrobial Activities Of Medicinal Plant Products(ฤทธิ์ต้านจุลินทรีย์ของผลิตภัณฑ์สมุนไพร), Areerat Laorpaksa, Nongluksna Sriubolmas, Peerapun Khruddhaveacho

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

This study determined antimicrobial activities of 57 selected medicinal plant products with antimicrobial indications by agar diffusion assay. The percentage of samples exhibiting antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Salmone...

Sufficiency And Consistency Of Drug In Formation On Drug Labels And Leaflets(ความพอเพียงและความคงที่ของข้อมูลยาบนฉลากและเอกสารกำกับยา), Siriporn Burapadaja, Busabong Jamroendararasamee, Jaratbhan Sanguansermsri

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

According to the official regulation, it was compulsory to provide w ritten drug inform ation on the drug labels and leaflets w ith the drug products. But the content of drug inform ation w as not totally specified by the regulation. Thus this study aime...

บทคัดย่อ การประชุมเสนอผลงานวิจัยทางเภสัชศาสตร์ครั้งที่ 19 : 4 ธันวาคม 2545 (เพิ่มเติม), N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Key Word Index, Author Index(ดรรชนีกุญแจคำ, ดรรชนีผู้แต่ง), N/A

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

In Vitro Permeation And Metabolism Of Ethyl Nicotinate In Shed Snake Skin(การซึมผ่านผิวหนังและเมตาบอสิสมของเอธีลนิโคติเนทในคราบงูโดยวิ..., Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, Suwannee Panomsuk, Praneet Opanasopit, Tomomi Hatanaka, Tamotsu Koizumi

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The species difference characteristics of transdermal permeation of ethyl nicotinate (EN) and its metabohte [nicotinic acid (NA)] were examined in three species of shed snake skin: Elaphae obsoleta, Naja kaouthia and Python molurus bivittatus. In vitro s...

Screening Of Thai Medicinal Plants For Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity And Antimicrobial Activity(การตรวจกรองหาสมุนไพรไทยที่มีฤทธิ์ต้านไวรัสตับอักเสบบ..., Sattaporn Sirotamarat, Surattana Amnuoypol, Thaveechai Vachirayonstien, Thananchai Kitvivattanachai

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Forty-six ethanol extracts of Thai medicinal plants were screened for anti—hepatitis B virus activity and antimicrobial activity by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test and agar diffusion method , respectively. Inhibition of the HBsAg secreti...