Human and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

The Difference In A1c Of Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Carbohydrate Counting Compared To Those Using A Structured Meal Plan, Alia El Kubbe

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Carbohydrate counting (CHO) is a nutrition education tool used by patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The primary objective was to assess glycated hemoglobin (A1C) in participants with T1DM using CHO counting vs. those using a structured meal plan (SMP). The secondary objectives were to determine if BMI-for-age, parental income, parental involvement, and mothers’ educational level were associated with their children’s glycemic control. A cross sectional study was conducted, where participants aged 4-18 years, or their parents completed a survey. Total sample size was 88 participants (77 in the CHO counting group and 11 in the SMP group). There …

Impact Of Feeding Tube Status On Health Outcomes For Individuals With Oropharyngeal Cancer, Nedeljko Jovanovic

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Abstract

This study investigated differences in outcomes related to health, swallowing, and quality of life (QoL) for individuals with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) receiving either radiotherapy (RT) alone, or concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Differences were assessed based on whether patients received a feeding tube (FT group) or not (NFT group). Measures including the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer (PSS-HN), M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and weight were collected for 126 individuals at baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Data were analyzed to identify potential prognostic differences between the groups, …

Behaviour Change Intervention Strategies To Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain In Pregnant Women Using A Nutrition And Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program (Nelip), Karishma Hosein

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness of different behaviour change intervention strategies, it was hypothesized that the introduction of a single behaviour change, followed by a second, would be more effective at preventing early and total EGWG in pregnant women compared to the early simultaneous introduction of both behaviour changes. Eighteen pregnant women were block randomized into one of 3 Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program (NELIP) strategies (full NELIP, Nutrition followed by Exercise N+E, Exercise followed by Nutrition E+N) and were followed at weekly face-to-face …

Nutrition Screening In The Adult Stroke Population Using The Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool In Comparison With The Subjective Global Assessment, Tess Coutu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Although the Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for Stroke Care recommend all acute stroke patients be screened for malnutrition within 48 hours of admission to hospital using a valid screening tool, none have been validated for use in adult acute stroke patients. The Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool (CNST) tool has been validated within medicine and surgery patients. The purpose of this study is to estimate the level of agreement between the CNST and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), a nutrition assessment tool, in a cohort of 58 acute adult stroke patients at the Southwestern Ontario Regional Stroke Centre in London. In …

Indicator Amino Acid Derived Estimates Of Dietary Protein Requirement In Exercise-Trained Individuals, Arash Bandegan

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Despite a number of nitrogen balance (NB) studies indicating increased dietary protein needs in Endurance (ET) and strength (ST) trained athletes, the Institute of Medicine (2005) has concluded, based largely on methodological concerns, that “no additional dietary protein is suggested for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise”. Indicator amino acid oxidation method (IAAO) has been recently used for determination of protein requirement in humans. This method is based on the concept that when one indispensable amino acid (AA) is deficient for protein synthesis, then all other AA, including the indicator, will be considered excess and oxidized. With increasing intakes …

Evaluating The Role Of Intestinal Transporters In Fruit Juice-Drug Interactions, Mandy Mj Li

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Fruit juice-drug interactions (FJDIs) involving non-metabolized oral medications result in decreased drug exposure that may lead to reduced therapeutic efficacy. The effect is thought to be mediated by inhibition of the intestinal drug transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 and 2B1 (OATP1A2 and OATP2B1) by fruit juice constituents, however the exact mechanisms remain controversial. We tested the hypothesis that fruit juices limit the absorption of fexofenadine through interactions with specific intestinal transporters. In vitro transport and fruit juice inhibition studies using fexofenadine, a medication involved in FJDIs, revealed that in addition to previously implicated transporters, organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) …

The Relationship Between Dairy Product Consumption And Cognitive Performance In A Group Of Community-Dwelling Healthy Older Adults, Mariam R. Ismail

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Dietary intake is one of the modifiable factors that may affect older adults’ cognitive function in their later years. Very little research has considered the potential role of dairy products on cognitive function. The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to investigate whether there is a difference in cognitive performance between older adults who consumed the recommended amount of dairy products (3 servings per day) and individuals who consumed less than the recommended amount (1 or 2 servings per day); second, to examine whether there is an association between the nutrients contained in the dairy products and cognitive …

Biosteel High Performance Sports Drink Improves Exercise Performance Following A Simulated Hockey Game, Kolten C. Abbott

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

INTRODUCTION: BioSteel High Performance Sports Drink (BioSteel) is one of the most popular sports supplements consumed by professional and amateur athletes. BioSteel Inc^® claims that consumption of BioSteel before and during exercise will result in “enhanced energy while delaying the onset of muscular and mental fatigue”. PURPOSE: Assess the efficacy of BioSteel supplementation on anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance as well as sport-specific cognition throughout exercise. METHODS: Eleven exercise-trained men completed a simulated hockey game on a cycle ergometer under two experimental conditions: BioSteel and isoenergetic placebo. Measures of exercise performance and cognition were assessed before, throughout and after …

Behavioral Feeding Problems Of Normally Developing Children Under 4 Years Of Age, Julia Stanislavskaia

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Objectives: The objectives were to identify common problematic behaviours in cases of normally-developing children under four years of age and determine whether there were associations between responsiveness to treatment and number of behaviours and visits to the clinic, as well as low body weight. Rationale: The motive for this study was to address the gaps in literature by characterizing the population, acquiring data to help establish consistent nomenclature and categorization as well as information to help design a screening tool in the future. Methods: Secondary data was collected retrospectively from 106 medical charts that fit the inclusion criteria. The data …

The Effect Of Nutrition On The Microbiome In Pregnant Women And The Use Of Micronutrient Supplemented Probiotic Yogurt To Improve Outcomes, Megan Kathleen Enos

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The aims of this study were to characterize the gut, oral, and vaginal microbiotas of pregnant women with varying nutritional status and to determine if daily supplementation with probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and ground Moringa leaves, would ‘normalize’ the microbiota and improve pregnancy outcomes. For the latter, a clinical study was performed in Mwanza, Tanzania, in which consumption of yogurt for 88 ± 31 days, starting from the second trimester, did not result in excess weight gain, altered pregnancy outcomes or increased blood nutrient levels compared to an under-nourished group not taking the yogurt. Ingestion of the probiotic …

Residents Living In A Retirement Community Are At Risk For Numerous Nutrient Inadequacies, Ohood M. Alharbi

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Purpose: To determine the nutrient adequacy of the diet of older adults living in a retirement community (RC). Methods: Residents were surveyed using a 21-item Health Questionnaire and Three Day Food Records were used to estimate the adequacy of their diets. Food records were analyzed using ESHA Food Processor®; all data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 19 software. Results: Response rate, 28.7%; mean age, 86 ± 8.1 years; mean BMI, 25.6 ± 4.6 kg/m²; polypharmacy, 75%; health conditions (most nutrition-related), 75%; 60% performed between 30-150 min of physical activity/week. Participants met the EER and AMDRs for …

Does A Group Lifestyle Behaviour Change Program (Prepare) Have An Impact On The Nutritional And Health Characteristics In Adults With Prediabetes?, Jennifer Broxterman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Objective: Lifestyle interventions that target diet and physical activity have been shown to reduce the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in individuals at risk; however, accessible and effective community-based prevention programs remain lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of PREPARE, a group lifestyle behaviour change program in adults with prediabetes.

Methods: Adults diagnosed with prediabetes could self-select PREPARE (n=48, intervention arm), consisting of six monthly group nutrition and physical activity education sessions, or, a one-time group education session (n=15, controls), both aimed to prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Primary outcome measures included dietary, …