Human and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Phenotypic And Genotypic Analysis Of Amino Acid Metabolism In Lactobacillus Helveticus Cnrz 32, Jason K. Christiansen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated genetic predictions for amino acid biosynthesis and catabolism by Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 32, a commercial cheese flavor adjunct that reduces bitterness and intensifies flavor notes. Conversion of amino acids into volatile and nonvolatile flavor compounds by L. helveticus and other lactic acid bacteria in cheese is thought to represent the rate-limiting step in the development of mature cheese flavor and aroma. One of the primary mechanisms for amino acid breakdown by these microbes involves the reversible action of enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathways, so our group investigated the genetics of amino acid biosynthesis in L. helveticus CNRZ …

Relationship Between Dietary Calcium Intake And Weight Gain Among College Freshmen At Utah State University, Cara A. Moncur

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The present study was conducted with the use of data from the Freshmen Health Study, a longitudinal study of college freshmen aged 18 that examined change in diet, physical activity, and weight during the first year of college at Utah State University (USU). Participants were assessed at different data collection periods including the beginning and end of their first semester attending USU. Participants' height and weight were measured and they were given a self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire at each data collection. Simple linear and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess how dietary calcium intake related to weight change over …

Type 2 Diabetes And The Risk Of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture In Utah Men And Women, Megan Bunch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Prior studies have unequivocally established a consistent association between osteoporotic hip fracture risk and type 2 diabetes mellitus. One reason this association still remains unclear is primarily due to the limited amount of research conducted in this area. The Utah Study of Nutrition and Bone Health (USNBH) is a case-control study conducted in Utah during the period of 1997-2001 to determine risk factors for osteoporotic hip fracture. All study participants (n = 2590) were determined from Utah residents 50-90 years of age. Cases were determined from 18 Utah hospitals during 1997-2001. Age and gender-matched controls were randomly selected from the …

Assessment Of Calcium, Milk, And Non-Milk Beverage Intake Of Multiethnic Youth Aged 10 To 18 Years, J. Keith Jensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Achieving and maintaining maximal peak bone mass is critical to the prevention of osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake during youth is a major aspect of proper bone mass development. Because of the importance of calcium, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that estimates calcium intake of 10- to 18-year-old Asian, Hispanic, and white youth living in the western United States was developed. This new FFQ was shown to accurately and reliably estimate calcium intake of these youth. Accuracy among Hispanics, however, was low and requires further evaluation. A second study examined intake of calcium, milk, and non-milk beverages of Hispanic and non-Hispanic …

The Effects Of Alternative-Site Blood Glucose Monitoring On Testing Frequency, Pain Rating, And Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Nancy Bennion

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A crossover design study was conducted to determine if reducing pain, by using alternative sites off the finger tip, would increase testing frequency and improve clinical outcome as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin. Subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes tested with the FreeStyle alternative-site meter (group 1) or tested with their original meter (group 2). After 3 months the subjects used the alternate meter. Testing frequency and blood glucose concentrations were recorded for the month before the study began and monthly thereafter. Glycosylated hemoglobin was tested initially, at the crossover point, and at study conclusion. Insulin users increased testing …

Relationship Between Cag Repeats Of The N Terminal Region Of The Androgen Receptor And Body Shape, Michael John Wen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG polymorphisms may be associated with body shape, and are associated with certain breast and prostate cancers. In addition, body shape is associated with risk for a variety of diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. The CAG repeat in exon l of the AR gene was quantified using Perkin Elmer Applied Biosystems GeneScan analysis software in 96 and 59 healthy Caucasian men and women, respectively, who were over the age of 50 years. All participants had body measurements taken and donated a blood sample. Waist measurements included circumferences at the 1) umbilicus …

The Arginine Deiminase Pathway In Lactococci: Physiological Role And Molecular Characterization, Lan-Szu Chou

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactococcus is an economically important group in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are often used in the dairy industry as starters for cheese production. Good starter strains should possess the ability to grow, ferment milk sugar, and produce desirable flavor compounds during cheese making. Therefore, it is essential to understand the physiology of these starters during cheese processing in order to obtain high-quality cheese products.

Cheese manufacturing compromises several stress factors that affect the growth of starter lactococci. Among these stressed environmental parameters, sugar starvation is the most important one to overcome to obtain energy for cellular processes. It is …

The Effects Of A Very-Low-Calorie-Diet On Resting Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, And Biochemical Data In Obese Outpatients, Charlene A. Perkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Obesity is a disease of major proportion in the United States. The Surgeon General has identified obesity as a national health problem that affects approximately 34 million Americans.

The aim of this study was to investigate the very-low-calorie diet, Optifast 70. Measurements for resting energy expenditure (REE} and body composition via circumference measurements (CBF} and infrared photospectromerty (NIR} with a Futrex 5000 were collected at weeks 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25. Biochemical data, including serum chemistry panel (SMA-12} and complete blood count (CBC}, were collected on weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 25. Lipid profiles were drawn …

Use Of A Self-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire In A Population 65 Years And Older, Karri Lynn Hoyt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Little is known of the elderly's ability to use a food frequency questionnaire to describe their dietary intake. This study examines the elderly's ability to reliably describe their diets and how age, education, cognitive status, and gender may affect their ability to complete and return a food frequency questionnaire. The reproducibility of the questionnaire was tested by a repeated administration among 85 participants 65 years of age and older from the Preston, Idaho, area. Correlation coefficients between nutrient scores from the first and second administration ranged from 0.48-0.79 (total population), 0.44-0.88 (males), and 0.39-0.86 (females). Median values for the correlation …

Conjunctival Impression Cytology Assessment Of Vitamin A Status Of Migrant Children, Laura Nihan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency was assessed in 65 Hispanic children attending four migrant Head Start programs in Utah. Subjects aged 2 to 6 years (median 3 years 10 months) were examined for evidence of vitamin A deficiency by conjunctival impression cytology. Biochemical indices for serum vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, zinc, and iron were performed.

Of eight children (12.5%) with subclinical vitamin A deficiency, one child had a marginal serum vitamin A of 11 μg/dl. Retinol-binding protein concentrations were significantly lower in two subjects with abnormal conjunctival impression cytology. Serum zinc, which when low can mimic signs of ocular vitamin …

The Contribution Of Meats To Energy And Essential Nutrient Intakes Of Women In The United States, C. Dian Martin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study used the 1987-88 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey to investigate the contribution meat products make to intakes of nutrients at risk of inadequate or excessive consumption by women. The study is unique in that meat nutrients were extracted from mixed dishes, providing a more accurate picture of consumption. Cluster analysis was used to classify nonpregnant, nonlactating women 19 years and older based on their consumption patterns of total meat and individual meats (beef, poultry, processed meats, pork and seafoods) as percent of caloric intake.

Total fat and SFA intakes exceeded National Research Council (NRC) goals regardless of meat …

The Impact Of Nutrition Education On Dietary Behavior And Iron Status In Participants Of The Supplemental Food Program For Women, Infants And Children, And The Expanded Food And Nutrition Education Program, Nedra K. Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to determine the impact of nutrition education on participants of the Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). The specific objectives were to: 1) determine the impact of participation in EFNEP on iron status as assessed by hematocrit (hct) and ferritin levels; 2) determine the effect of nutrition knowledge on hct and ferritin values; and 3) determine the effect dietary behavior has on hct and ferritin levels for both WIC and EFNEP participants.

Each study participant completed a 24-hour dietary recall record plus food frequency …

The Effect Of Computer-Assisted Nutrition Education On Nutrition Knowledge, Nutrition Status, Dietary Compliance, And Quality Of Life Of Hemodialysis Patients, Julianne Stewart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to assess the effect of nutrition education utilizing computerized dietary analysis on nutrition knowledge, dietary compliance, nutrition status, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Twenty patients of the Bonneville Dialysis Center in Ogden, Utah voluntarily agreed to participate in this six-month study. All participants completed quality of life assessments, the Beck Depression Inventory© (BDI), and a nutrition knowledge assessment pre- and post-study. Patients in the treatment group (n=12) completed monthly 3-day food records which were analyzed by Computrition® nutrient analysis software. Results were discussed with the patients during one-on-one education sessions. Control patients (n=8) completed …

Characteristics Related To The Incidence Of Osteoporosis In Two Distinct Female Populations, Deborah A. Pyke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Osteoporosis is responsible for approximately 1.3 to 1.5 million fractures per year in the United States. The risk of osteoporosis increases with age, especially among postmenopausal women, and with lifestyle factors such as the use of certain drugs, heavy alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, high caffeine intake, and sedentary living. Genetic factors that may influence susceptibility to osteoporosis include a positive family history of the disease, or a low weight - for-height ratio. In some cases, race and geographic location may increase or decrease the risk of osteoporosis. Known protective factors include obesity, estrogen replacement therapy, weight bearing exercise, and possibly …

A Longitudinal Study Of Dietary Intake And Influence Of Iron Status On Infants' And Toddlers' Mental And Motor Development, Steven Matley Wood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-two non-anemic children were assessed clinically, biochemically and anthropometrically at six months, one year and two years of age to investigate the relationship of iron status to mental and motor development. Using dietary history and dietary record instruments, dietary iron was estimated and compared to the National Food Consumption Survey (1985) and the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for corresponding age groups. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (which assess mental and motor development) and the Caldwell Home Inventory (which evaluates the environmental stimuli) were performed and correlated with blood iron parameters, anthropometric measurements and dietary nutrient intakes.

Nutrient intakes of …

Using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis And Market Simulations To Determine The Effect And Usefulness Of Nutrition Label Information In Consumer Purchase Decisions, Constance J. Geiger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nutrition labeling research suggests consumers want nutrition information on the label; however, many do not comprehend it. The purpose of Phase I was to determine the effect of: 1. two levels of nutrition label formats; 2. three levels of nutrition information load on consumers' preference for product choice using adaptive conjoint analysis. A computer interactive interview was conducted on 252 consumers in Crossroads Mall, Salt Lake City, Utah. label alternatives were printed on soup cans to realistically portray the information. The conjoint analysis compared the attributes, nutrition information format, and nutrition information load in addition to brand and price and …

Maternal Iron Parameters And Diet: Influence On Infant Iron Parameters And Development, Janet Bradshaw Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women living in this geographical area, evaluate how their diets related to their iron status, how their nutrient intakes compared with other studies, and how their iron status and diet affected infant iron status and development, as assessed by the Bayley Scale of Infant Development.

The study involved 32 pregnant women who were between 8 to 14 weeks gestation and 20 to 35 years of age. They were followed through pregnancy and their infants were followed until three months of age.

Three-day dietary records, a …

Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, And Food Practices Of Women Of Childbearing Age And Their Preschool Children In Northeast Brazil, Susan Ahlstrom Henderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.

Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 …

Effects Of Exercise And Cheese Supplemented Diet On Cholesterol And Lipoprotein Fractions In Free-Living Young Human Subjects, Kathleen A. Gabel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg …

Dietary Intake Of Persons With Type I Diabetes Who Use Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pumps, Laurie J. Schaetzel-Hill

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To date there have been no complete reports of the nutrient intakes of persons with Type I diabetes mellitus who use continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps. The purpose of this study was to describe the sample population and to determine the nutrient intake of adult Type I diabetics from the Salt Lake City, Utah area, who use CSII.

Seven male and 15 female CSII users, ages 25 to 53, completed a questionnaire and a three-day diet record as instructed. Diet records were coded and household measurements of foods were converted to gram weights for computerized nutrient analysis. Nutrient intake …

Longitudinal Pantothenic Acid Status Of Pregnant And Lactating Women, Won Oack Song

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pantothenic acid nutritional status was evaluated in a cohort of twenty-nine Caucasian pregnant women, aged 20-35, during their third trimester of pregnancy, at two-weeks postpartum and at three months postpartum. Seventeen non-pregnant, non-lactating women who had similar demographic backgrounds as the pregnant women were selected as a control group and followed the same experimental schedule as the pregnant women. A fasting blood sample, two days 24-h urine specimens and diet record were obtained for each of two days from each subject at each period.

The mean dietary pantothenic acid intakes of the women during pregnancy (5.30±1.74 mg/day) and during lactation …

Vitamin A And Vitamin E Status Of Persons On Hemodialysis, Kathleen S. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was designed to assess the vitamin A and vitamin E status of persons receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Blood samples from thirty persons receiving hemodialysis, as well as age and sex-matched controls, were analyzed for vitamin A, vitamin E, and carotene using a spectrofluorometric assay for vitamins A and E, and a spectrophotometric assay for carotene. Dietary intakes of vitamins A and E were estimated via verbal questioning. Samples of dialysate were also studied. Results of the investigation showed significantly elevated vitamin A, normal vitamin E, and decreased carotene levels in persons with renal failure receiving maintenance hemodialysis, when compared …

Quantitation Of Formaldehyde Resulting From Oxidative Deterioration Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Stanley J. Andrews

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Derivatives of 3-methyl-1-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone were formed from the oxidation products of three oxidized unsaturated fatty acids. Aeration with oxygen and heat (65C) was used as a means of accelerating deterioration of lipid samples. Formaldehyde was recovered from oxidized pure standards of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid methyl esters, and identified using gas chromatography. Formaldehyde was also recovered from oxidized lipid extracts of mechanic ally deboned turkey meat and turkey cluster fat. Gas chromatography was used to measure concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids during the oxidation of extracted lipids. Linoleic and linolenic fatty acids significantly decreased (p < .005) in oxidized lipid extracts from turkey cluster fat stored frozen for six months.

Measurement of the amounts …

A Field Study In The Use Of Dietary And Urinary Variables In Determining Osteoporosis In Elderly People, Jane Steger Osborn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three-day dietary records were analyzed for nutrient content and 24 hour urine samples were analyzed for calcium, phosphorous, total nitrogen, and free alpha-amino nitrogen for 210 elderly people. Dietaries and urine samples were collected twice, October and March at five month intervals, for each subject. Increases were found in both dietary intake and urinary components October to March. Based on a criteria of high dietary protein, low dietary calcium, high urinary nitrogen and low calcium, 23 subjects were selected as osteoporotic and and 25 were selected as non-osteoporotic. This method of prediction was not supported by radiological evaluations.

Bone density …

The Influence Of Various Factors On Nitrogen Balance And Protein Quality Measured In Adult Human Beings, Arthur John Wittwer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of nitrogen intake, nitrogen source, calorie intake, body weight, adaptation time, research group and sex on the nitrogen balance of human adults was investigated. Data from studies reported in the literature were combined and analyzed statistically by multiple regression techniques. Analyses were made separately for six sources of nitrogen: egg, beef, rice, corn, wheat and wheat gluten.

Nitrogen intake, caloric intake and body weight exerted significant effects on nitrogen balance (5% level of confidence) for six, three and two of the six nitrogen sources, respectively. Other variables were not significant at the 5% level. Although differences were not …

The Relationship Of Molybdenum To Iron Status In Pregnancy And Anemia In Rats And Humans, Jo Ann Mortensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weanling male rats were made anemic and fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. A decrease in serum iron was observed in the rats supplemented only with iron and a significant decrease in hemoglobin was observed in rats given no supplementation.

In a second experiment, pregnant female rats were also fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. An inverse relationship was apparent between iron and copper in both the serum and the liver of the female rats. The livers of their pups displayed an inverse relationship between molybdenum and copper. Hemoglobin in …

A Longitudinal Study, Part Iii: The Relationship Of Weight, Health Status, Diet And Anxiety To Serum Cholesterol Levels In Adults, Kristine S. Saunders

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Over an 18-year period, beginning in 1955, a group of subjects has been studied six times to determine if any relationship exists among serum cholesterol levels, body weight, health status, diet quality and stress or anxiety. For the first four test periods, extending through ages 7 to 16 years, there were 321 subjects. Later, in 1968, 86 of the original 321 subjects, now aged 19-22 years, were able to participate in a follow-up study. The 1974 study was able to involve 30 of the original 321 subjects now aged 26-29 years. Findings show that from approximately the fifteenth year onward …

Essential Tyrosine Residues In Calf Liver Uridine Diphosphoglucose Pyrophosphorylase, E.C. 2.7.7.9., Robert Carl Bachmann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The catalytic necessity of tyrosine residues in uridine diphospho- glucose pyrophosphorylase [E.C. 2.7.7.9] was investigated. Chemical modification of the pyrophosphorylase by N-acetylimidazole indicated that tyrosine residues were essential for activity. Approximately 23 of 112 tyrosines per molecule of 475,000 Daltons could be 0-acetylated. Solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy supported this number of exposed tyrosine side chains and in conjunction with chemical modification indicated that at least 11 to 12 tyrosyl residues per protein molecule are fully exposed. it her subst rate, uridine t riphosphate or uridine diphosphoglucose, afforded significant protection against inactivation by N-acetylimidazole.

The significance of these tyrosine residues is …