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Articles 1 - 4 of 4
Full-Text Articles in Behavioral Neurobiology
Hypothalamic Circuits Mediating Consumption And Anxiety, Ryan Cassidy
Hypothalamic Circuits Mediating Consumption And Anxiety, Ryan Cassidy
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
From 1960-2016, U.S. obesity prevalence increased 13-40% and diabetes increased from 3-15%. There is an epidemic of metabesity, the aggregate metabolic disorders produced by chronic overeating. Drugs for metabesity were developed in the 1930s with limited effectiveness; agents today rely on the same principles and are similarly ineffective. Particularly surprising has been the failure of satiety enhancers; this indicates it may not be that physiologic hunger drives chronic overeating. Although hunger and satiety affect traditional reward circuitry (Cassidy & Tong 2017), evidence for the primacy of this effect is mixed. Being hungry reduces anxiety-like behavior in mice; whether the …
A Study Of Possible Pre-Cognitive Advantages Of Bilingualism, Marisela Gutierrez
A Study Of Possible Pre-Cognitive Advantages Of Bilingualism, Marisela Gutierrez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Past research has suggested that second language acquisition has a beneficial effect on the development of inhibitory control processes in children and adults. This has been referred to as the "bilingual advantage" and is most commonly quantified using the Simon task. Whether the bilingual advantage extends to precognitive mechanisms has not yet been examined. The goals of this study were to examine the bilingual advantage in university students; and to examine whether the bilingual advantage extends to the precognitive filtering mechanism of sensorimotor gating. It was predicted that, as compared to monolinguals, bilingual university students would have greater inhibitory control, …
Single Unit And Population Responses During Inhibitory Gating Of Striatal Activity In Freely Moving Rats, Howard C. Cromwell
Single Unit And Population Responses During Inhibitory Gating Of Striatal Activity In Freely Moving Rats, Howard C. Cromwell
Howard Casey Cromwell
Abstract—The striatum is thought to be an essential region for integrating diverse information in the brain. Rapid inhibitory gating (IG) of sensory input is most likely an early factor necessary for appropriate integration to be completed. Gating is currently evaluated in clinical settings and is dramatically altered in a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Basic neuroscience research using animals has revealed specific neural sites involved in IG including the hippocampus, thalamus, brainstem, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. The present study investigated local IG in the basal ganglia structure of the striatum using chronic recording microwires. We obtained both single unit activations …
Auditory Inhibitory Gating In Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Single Unit And Local Field Potential Analysis, Howard C. Cromwell
Auditory Inhibitory Gating In Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Single Unit And Local Field Potential Analysis, Howard C. Cromwell
Howard Casey Cromwell
Medial prefrontal cortex is a crucial region involved in inhibitory processes. Damage to the medial prefrontal cortex can lead to loss of normal inhibitory control over motor, sensory, emotional and cognitive functions. The goal of the present study was to examine the basic properties of inhibitory gating in this brain region in rats. Inhibitory gating has recently been proposed as a neurophysiological assay for sensory filters in higher brain regions that potentially enable or disable information throughput. This perspective has important clinical relevance due to the findings that gating is dramatically impaired in individuals with emotional and cognitive impairments (i.e. …