Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (35)
- Genetics and Genomics (22)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (19)
- Infectious Disease (18)
- Medical Specialties (18)
-
- Medical Immunology (17)
- Medical Sciences (17)
- Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity (16)
- Medical Pathology (16)
- Immunology and Infectious Disease (15)
- Biology (8)
- Diseases (8)
- Virus Diseases (8)
- Immunology of Infectious Disease (7)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (5)
- Epidemiology (4)
- Pathogenic Microbiology (4)
- Public Health (4)
- Bioinformatics (3)
- Cell Biology (3)
- Immune System Diseases (3)
- Immunity (3)
- Veterinary Medicine (3)
- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment (2)
- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses (2)
- Bacteriology (2)
- Chemicals and Drugs (2)
- Institution
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (16)
- Western University (7)
- University of Kentucky (6)
- Loyola University Chicago (4)
- Missouri State University (3)
-
- Touro College and University System (3)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (3)
- Louisiana State University (2)
- Munster Technological University (2)
- Portland State University (2)
- Selected Works (2)
- Tennessee State University (2)
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (2)
- East Tennessee State University (1)
- Hope College (1)
- Kansas State University Libraries (1)
- La Salle University (1)
- Northern Illinois University (1)
- Rochester Institute of Technology (1)
- South Dakota State University (1)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (1)
- University of New Mexico (1)
- University of Texas at El Paso (1)
- Walden University (1)
- Western Kentucky University (1)
- Keyword
-
- HIV-1 (7)
- HIV (4)
- Interferon (3)
- Adenovirus (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
-
- Antiviral (2)
- Cytokine (2)
- EHV-1 (2)
- Envelope (2)
- Microglia (2)
- Nanomedicine (2)
- Pathogenesis (2)
- Uncoating (2)
- Vaccine (2)
- Vector (2)
- Zika virus infection (2)
- 16S RNA (1)
- ARD (1)
- Acute respiratory disease (1)
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adenovirus type 4 (1)
- Algal viruses; Phycodnaviridae; giant viruses; NCLDVs; chloroviruses (1)
- Animals (1)
- Antigens, Viral (1)
- Antimicrobial stewardship (1)
- Antiretroviral therapy (1)
- Antiviral immunity (1)
- Arboviral (1)
- Archaebacteria -- Host-virus relationships (1)
- Publication
-
- Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications (16)
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (6)
- MSU Graduate Theses (3)
- Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science (3)
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research (2)
-
- Dissertations (2)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2)
- LSU Doctoral Dissertations (2)
- Master's Theses (2)
- NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations (2)
- Theses (2)
- Theses & Dissertations (2)
- Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology (2)
- Articles (1)
- Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations (1)
- Biomedical Sciences ETDs (1)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research (1)
- College of Osteopathic Medicine (TUN) Publications and Research (1)
- Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations (1)
- Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications (1)
- Faculty Publications (1)
- Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations (1)
- HON499 projects (1)
- Kansas State University Undergraduate Research Conference (1)
- Kurt Piepenbrink (1)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (1)
- Life Sciences Faculty Research (1)
- Masters Theses & Specialist Projects (1)
- Neal Silverman (1)
- Open Access Theses & Dissertations (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 66
Full-Text Articles in Virology
Chloroviruses, James L. Van Etten, Irina V. Agarkova, David D. Dunigan
Chloroviruses, James L. Van Etten, Irina V. Agarkova, David D. Dunigan
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Chloroviruses are large dsDNA, plaque-forming viruses that infect certain chlorella-like green algae; the algae are normally mutualistic endosymbionts of protists and metazoans and are often referred to as zoochlorellae. The viruses are ubiquitous in inland aqueous environments throughout the world and occasionally single types reach titers of thousands of plaque-forming units per ml of native water. The viruses are icosahedral in shape with a spike structure located at one of the vertices. They contain an internal membrane that is required for infectivity. The viral genomes are 290 to 370 kb in size, which encode up to 16 tRNAs and 330 …
Role Of Topoisomerase Ii Alpha In Dna Topology And T Cell Responses During Chronic Viral Infections, Stella Chinyere Ogbu
Role Of Topoisomerase Ii Alpha In Dna Topology And T Cell Responses During Chronic Viral Infections, Stella Chinyere Ogbu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The clearance of viruses is largely dependent upon the activation of T cells to generate a robust immune response. However, host responses are suppressed during chronic viral infections. In this thesis, we explored the role of Top2α in DNA topology in individuals with chronic HBV, HCV, and HIV infections. We found that Top2α protein expression and activity were low in T cells derived from chronically virus-infected individuals compared to healthy subjects. Using CD4+ T cells treated with Top2α inhibitor or poisoner as a model, we demonstrated that Top2α inhibition disrupts the DNA topology, suppresses DNA repair kinase (ATM), and …
Cyclophilin A Enhances Hiv-1 Reverse Transcription In Human Microglial Cells, Zachary Michael Ingram
Cyclophilin A Enhances Hiv-1 Reverse Transcription In Human Microglial Cells, Zachary Michael Ingram
MSU Graduate Theses
Parenchymal microglia represent a susceptible cell type to HIV infection and contribute to HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). Currently, HIV host-protein interactions in microglia are understudied, but relevant to the design of antiviral drugs. HIV replication events rely on host and viral proteins to evade an immune response while improve replication success. Post-fusion the HIV capsid is released into the cytoplasm and begins trafficking towards the nucleus. During transit viral RNA is transcribed to DNA through reverse transcription (RT). In addition, the HIV capsid that protects the reverse transcription complex disassembles in a step termed uncoating. Once the pre-integration complex …
Exploring Secondary Structure In Bacteriophage Programmed Frameshift Elements, Samuel Okabayashi, Sean Mcclory
Exploring Secondary Structure In Bacteriophage Programmed Frameshift Elements, Samuel Okabayashi, Sean Mcclory
HON499 projects
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and reproduce using host bacterial components. Part of the bacteriophage reproduction is assembly of the tail complex, which requires two assembly chaperone (TAC) proteins. In many phages the TAC’s are produced from a single gene through a non-canonical process called programmed translational frameshifting (PTF). The SEA-PHAGES program has produced hundreds of TAC genes that are accessible through phagesdb, a database of sequenced and annotated phage genomes. The sequences for the TAC gene were gathered from phagesdb and analyzed using ClustalOmega; a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) tool which revealed several positions where total conservation was …
Utilizing Fiv (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) To Develop A Novel Animal Model To Study Hiv (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), Ankita Suryakant Kambli
Utilizing Fiv (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) To Develop A Novel Animal Model To Study Hiv (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), Ankita Suryakant Kambli
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This project sought to perform the in vitro work needed to accomplish the long-term vision of harnessing the similarities between HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) to develop an animal model whereby cats can be used to study HIV pathogenesis and therapeutics. We transfected CRFK (Crandell Rees Feline Kidney) fibroblasts with plasmids that could express human or feline CD4, CCR5, or both, and determined receptor surface expression through flow cytometry. We discovered that HIV envelope expressed on 293T can fuse with huCD4/huCCR5 on CRFK. These cat cell lines were also capable of supporting HIV infection. Additionally, we …
Genome-Wide Variation In Potyviruses, Deepti Nigam, Katherine Latourrette, Pedro F.N. Souza, Hernan Garcia Ruiz
Genome-Wide Variation In Potyviruses, Deepti Nigam, Katherine Latourrette, Pedro F.N. Souza, Hernan Garcia Ruiz
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Potyviruses (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) are the result of an initial radiation event that occurred 6,600 years ago. The genus currently consists of 167 species that infect monocots or dicots, including domesticated and wild plants. Potyviruses are transmitted in a non-persistent way by more than 200 species of aphids. As indicated by their wide host range, worldwide distribution, and diversity of their vectors, potyviruses have an outstanding capacity to adapt to new hosts and environments. However, factors that confer adaptability are poorly understood. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases introduce nucleotide substitutions that generate genetic diversity. We hypothesized that selection imposed by …
Macrophage-Associated Wound Healing Contributes To African Green Monkey Siv Pathogenesis Control, Fredrik Barrenas, Kevin Raehtz, Cuiling Xu, Lynn Law, Richard R. Green, Guido Silvestri, Steven E. Bosinger, Andrew Nishida, Qingsheng Li, Wuxun Lu, Jianshui Zhang, Matthew J. Thomas, Jean Chang, Elise Smith, Jeffrey M. Weiss, Reem A. Dawoud, George H. Richter, Anita Trichel, Dongzhu Ma, Xinxia Peng, Jan Komorowski, Cristian Apetrei, Ivona Pandrea, Michael Gale Jr.
Macrophage-Associated Wound Healing Contributes To African Green Monkey Siv Pathogenesis Control, Fredrik Barrenas, Kevin Raehtz, Cuiling Xu, Lynn Law, Richard R. Green, Guido Silvestri, Steven E. Bosinger, Andrew Nishida, Qingsheng Li, Wuxun Lu, Jianshui Zhang, Matthew J. Thomas, Jean Chang, Elise Smith, Jeffrey M. Weiss, Reem A. Dawoud, George H. Richter, Anita Trichel, Dongzhu Ma, Xinxia Peng, Jan Komorowski, Cristian Apetrei, Ivona Pandrea, Michael Gale Jr.
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) avoid AIDS despite lifelong infection. Here, we examined how this outcome is achieved by comparing a natural SIV host, African green monkey (AGM) to an AIDS susceptible species, rhesus macaque (RM). To asses gene expression profiles from acutely SIV infected AGMs and RMs, we developed a systems biology approach termed Conserved Gene Signature Analysis (CGSA), which compared RNA sequencing data from rectal AGM and RM tissues to various other species. We found that AGMs rapidly activate, and then maintain, evolutionarily conserved regenerative wound healing mechanisms in mucosal tissue. The wound healing protein fibronectin …
Cellular And Viral Determinants Of Hsv-1 Entry And Transport, Farhana Musarrat
Cellular And Viral Determinants Of Hsv-1 Entry And Transport, Farhana Musarrat
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Previously, it was shown that the deletion of 38 amino acids from the N terminal end of glycoprotein K (gK) prevents the Herpes Simplex virus Type-1 (HSV-1McKrae ∆gK31-68) from entering into the axons of neurons. Herein, we showed for the first time that this modification in gK disrupts the ability of the virus to carry out a fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular plasma membrane and forces the virus to enter via endocytosis in epithelial cells and neuronal cell bodies. We showed that HSV-1 McKrae infection triggers cellular calcium signaling, Akt activation, and flipping of Akt to the …
An Uncultivated Virus Infecting A Symbiotic Nanoarchaeota In The Hot Springs Of Yellowstone National Park, Jacob H. Munson-Mcgee, Colleen Rooney, Mark J. Young
An Uncultivated Virus Infecting A Symbiotic Nanoarchaeota In The Hot Springs Of Yellowstone National Park, Jacob H. Munson-Mcgee, Colleen Rooney, Mark J. Young
Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Nanoarchaeota are small cells with reduced genomes that are found attached to and dependent on a second archaeal cell for their growth and replication. Initially found in marine hydrothermal environments and subsequently in terrestrial geothermal hot springs, the Nanoarchaeota species that have been described are obligate ectobionts, each with a different host species. However, no viruses have been described that infect the Nanoarchaeota. Here we identify a virus infecting Nanoarchaeota using a combination of viral metagenomic and bioinformatic approaches. This virus, tentatively named Nanoarchaeota Virus 1 (NAV1), consists of a 35.6kb circular DNA genome encoding for 52 proteins. We …
Identifiying High Risk Areas Of Zika Virus Infection By Meteorological Factors In Columbia, Lung-Chang Chien, Francisco Sy, Adriana Perez
Identifiying High Risk Areas Of Zika Virus Infection By Meteorological Factors In Columbia, Lung-Chang Chien, Francisco Sy, Adriana Perez
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Background Several Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have occurred since October 2015. Because there is no effective treatment for ZIKV infection, developing an effective surveillance and warning system is currently a high priority to prevent ZIKV infection. Despite Aedes mosquitos having been known to spread ZIKV, the calculation approach is diverse, and only applied to local areas. This study used meteorological measurements to monitor ZIKV infection due to the high correlation between climate change and Aedes mosquitos and the convenience to obtain meteorological data from weather monitoring stations. Methods This study applied the Bayesian structured additive regression modeling approach to include …
A Dynamic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment For Norovirus In Potable Reuse System, Erfaneh Amoueyan, Sajjad Ahmad, Joseph N.S. Eisenberg, Daniel Gerrity
A Dynamic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment For Norovirus In Potable Reuse System, Erfaneh Amoueyan, Sajjad Ahmad, Joseph N.S. Eisenberg, Daniel Gerrity
Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research
This study describes the results of a dynamic quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for norovirus (NoV) that was used to evaluate the relative significance of foodborne, person-to-person, and person-to-sewage-to-person transmission pathways. This last pathway was incorporated into simulated potable reuse systems to evaluate the adequacy of typical treatment trains, operational conditions, and regulatory frameworks. The results confirm that secondary and foodborne transmission dominate the overall risk calculation and that waterborne NoV likely contributes no appreciable public health risk, at least in the scenarios modeled in this study. De facto reuse with an environmental buffer storage time of at least 30 …
Dose Effects Of Recombinant Adenovirus Immunization In Rodents, Eric A. Weaver
Dose Effects Of Recombinant Adenovirus Immunization In Rodents, Eric A. Weaver
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd) has been used as a vaccine platform against many infectious diseases and has been shown to be an effective vaccine vector. The dose of the vaccine varies significantly from study to study, making it very diffcult to compare immune responses and vaccine effcacy. This study determined the immune correlates induced by serial dilutions of rAd vaccines delivered intramuscularly (IM) and intranasally (IN) to mice and rats. When immunized IM, mice had substantially higher antibody responses at the higher vaccine doses, whereas, the IN immunized mice showed a lower response to the higher rAd vaccine doses. …
The Vaccinia Virus (Vacv) B1 And Cellular Vrk2 Kinases Promote Vacv Replication Factory Formation Through Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibition Of Vacv B12, Amber B. Rico, Zhigang Wang, Annabel T. Olson, Alexandria C. Linville, Brianna L. Bullard, Eric A. Weaver, Clinton Jones, Matthew S. Wiebea
The Vaccinia Virus (Vacv) B1 And Cellular Vrk2 Kinases Promote Vacv Replication Factory Formation Through Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibition Of Vacv B12, Amber B. Rico, Zhigang Wang, Annabel T. Olson, Alexandria C. Linville, Brianna L. Bullard, Eric A. Weaver, Clinton Jones, Matthew S. Wiebea
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Comparative examination of viral and host protein homologs reveals novel mechanisms governing downstream signaling effectors of both cellular and viral origin. The vaccinia virus B1 protein kinase is involved in promoting multiple facets of the virus life cycle and is a homolog of three conserved cellular enzymes called vaccinia virus-related kinases (VRKs). Recent evidence indicates that B1 and VRK2 mediate a common pathway that is largely uncharacterized but appears independent of previous VRK substrates. Interestingly, separate studies described a novel role for B1 in inhibiting vaccinia virus protein B12, which otherwise impedes an early event in the viral lifecycle. Herein, …
Encountering Lectins In The Recipient Mucosa: Implications Of N-Linked Glycosylation On Hiv-1 Transmission, Adam Meadows
Encountering Lectins In The Recipient Mucosa: Implications Of N-Linked Glycosylation On Hiv-1 Transmission, Adam Meadows
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Although several studies have determined key differences in envelope motifs between TF and chronic HIV-1, it is still not known what the overall glycosylation profile is that is selected for in a transmission event, as well as what contributes to this selection. Using a bottom-up approach of modifying specific viruses, determining their transmission fitness in an ex vivo tissue explant assay, and determining their glycan content, we have laid the basis for determining the overall glycan structure which is selected for in TF HIV-1. Preliminarily, we have shown that C-type lectins represent a stringent barrier to transmission and have several …
Determining The Relative Transmission Fitness Of Hiv-1 Subtypes A, B, C, And D, Spencer Yeung
Determining The Relative Transmission Fitness Of Hiv-1 Subtypes A, B, C, And D, Spencer Yeung
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
There is in vivo evidence that suggests the genetic diversity of HIV-1 subtypes influence heterosexual transmission efficiency. To recapitulate sexual transmission in vitro, blocks of genital tissue were exposed to mixtures of genetically different subtype viruses. Migrating immune cells were collected and co-cultured with a CD4+ T-cell line permissive to HIV infection (PM1) to measure dendritic cell virus transfer; HIV-exposed tissues were cultured separately. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of HIV-1 DNA was used to quantify relative infection rates of the various challenge viruses, and to assess fitness differences in infection of the tissue vs. migratory/T cell co-cultures. Our results …
A Role Of Ubiquitin Regulatory X-Domain Containing Proteins (Ubxn6) In Antiviral Immunity, Harshada Ketkar, Harshada Ketkar
A Role Of Ubiquitin Regulatory X-Domain Containing Proteins (Ubxn6) In Antiviral Immunity, Harshada Ketkar, Harshada Ketkar
NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations
The roles of UBXNs in the regulation of antiviral immune responses have not been much explored. Previous work in our lab identified UBXN1 as a negative regulator of the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLR) pathway and UBXN3B as a positive regulator of stimulator-of-interferon Genes (STING) -mediated immune responses. In this study, I aimed to determine the member of UBXNs as a positive regulator of ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus infection-induced innate immune responses. By using an interferon stimulated response element (ISRE)-driven luciferase reporter assay that monitors the activity of type I/III interferon (IFN)-induced janus kinase (JAK) - signal transducer …
Rig-I-Like Receptors Direct Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization Against West Nile Virus Infection., Amy E. L. Stone, Richard Green, Courtney Wilkins, Emily A. Hemann, Michael Gale Jr.
Rig-I-Like Receptors Direct Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization Against West Nile Virus Infection., Amy E. L. Stone, Richard Green, Courtney Wilkins, Emily A. Hemann, Michael Gale Jr.
College of Osteopathic Medicine (TUN) Publications and Research
RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2, are vital pathogen recognition receptors in the defense against RNA viruses. West Nile Virus (WNV) infections continue to grow in the US. Here, we use a systems biology approach to define the contributions of each RLR in the innate immune response to WNV. Genome-wide RNAseq and bioinformatics analyses of macrophages from mice lacking either RLR reveal that the RLRs drive distinct immune gene activation and response polarization to mediate an M1/inflammatory signature while suppressing the M2/wound healing phenotype. While LGP2 functions to modulate inflammatory signaling, RIG-I and MDA5 together are essential for M1 …
Endogenous, Controlled Expression Of Anti-Hiv-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody, Darshit Patel
Endogenous, Controlled Expression Of Anti-Hiv-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody, Darshit Patel
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Recently, researchers have identified a number of anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), such as VRC01 and N6, capable of targeting a broad range of HIV-1 strains. Passive immunization using these patient-derived bNAbs could provide temporary protection but are limited by the short antibody half-life. While current gene transfer technology allows sustained bNAb expression, it lacks the ability to control bNAb production in vivo resulting in possible autoimmunity. To address this issue of achieving controlled bNAb expression in vivo, we hypothesize that bNAb expression from transduced Flu-specific B cells can be activated and modulated by subsequent Flu immunizations in the …
Longitudinal Quantification Of Adenovirus Neutralizing Responses In Zambian Mother-Infant Pairs: Impact Of Hiv-1 Infection And Its Treatment, Sara R. Privatt, Brianna L. Bullard, Eric A. Weaver, Charles Wood, John T. West
Longitudinal Quantification Of Adenovirus Neutralizing Responses In Zambian Mother-Infant Pairs: Impact Of Hiv-1 Infection And Its Treatment, Sara R. Privatt, Brianna L. Bullard, Eric A. Weaver, Charles Wood, John T. West
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Vaccination offers the most cost-effective approach to limiting the adverse impact of infectious and neoplastic diseases that reduce the quality of life in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, it is unclear what vaccine vectors would be most readily implementable in the setting and at what age they should be applied for maximal efficacy. Adenoviruses (Ad) and Ad-based vectors have been demonstrated to induce effective humoral and cellular immune responses in animal models and in humans. However, because immunity associated with Ad infection is lifelong, there exists a debate as to whether pre-existing immunity might decrease the efficacy of Ad vectored vaccines. …
Elucidating Immune Signaling Of Influenza A Virus And Aspergillus Fumigatus Co-Infections Through Pioneered Model Development, Meagan Danyelle Rippee-Brooks
Elucidating Immune Signaling Of Influenza A Virus And Aspergillus Fumigatus Co-Infections Through Pioneered Model Development, Meagan Danyelle Rippee-Brooks
MSU Graduate Theses
Bacterial co-infections with influenza A virus (IAV) are extremely serious and life-threatening. However, there exists limited understanding about the importance of fungal infections with IAV. Clinical case reports indicate that fungal co-infections do occur and suggest the IAV pandemic of 2009 had a propensity to predispose patients to secondary fungal infections more than previous IAV strains. IAV-fungal co-infections are marked by high mortality rates of 47 to 61% in previously healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 60. Yet, the variables involved in this co-infection remain undetermined. I achieved effective recapitulation of this co-infection using a C57Bl/6 murine (mouse) …
Iiv-6 Inhibits Nf-Kappab Responses In Drosophila, Cara C. West, Florentina Rus, Ying Chen, Anni Kleino, Monique Gangloff, Don B. Gammon, Neal S. Silverman
Iiv-6 Inhibits Nf-Kappab Responses In Drosophila, Cara C. West, Florentina Rus, Ying Chen, Anni Kleino, Monique Gangloff, Don B. Gammon, Neal S. Silverman
Neal Silverman
The host immune response and virus-encoded immune evasion proteins pose constant, mutual selective pressure on each other. Virally encoded immune evasion proteins also indicate which host pathways must be inhibited to allow for viral replication. Here, we show that IIV-6 is capable of inhibiting the two Drosophila NF-kappaB signaling pathways, Imd and Toll. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene induction downstream of either pathway is suppressed when cells infected with IIV-6 are also stimulated with Toll or Imd ligands. We find that cleavage of both Imd and Relish, as well as Relish nuclear translocation, three key points in Imd signal transduction, occur …
A Method For Improving The Accuracy And Efficiency Of Bacteriophage Genome Annotation, Alicia Salisbury, Philippos K. Tsourkas
A Method For Improving The Accuracy And Efficiency Of Bacteriophage Genome Annotation, Alicia Salisbury, Philippos K. Tsourkas
Life Sciences Faculty Research
Bacteriophages are the most numerous entities on Earth. The number of sequenced phage genomes is approximately 8000 and increasing rapidly. Sequencing of a genome is followed by annotation, where genes, start codons, and functions are putatively identified. The mainstays of phage genome annotation are auto-annotation programs such as Glimmer and GeneMark. Due to the relatively small size of phage genomes, many groups choose to manually curate auto-annotation results to increase accuracy. An additional benefit of manual curation of auto-annotated phage genomes is that the process is amenable to be performed by students, and has been shown to improve student recruitment …
Intratypic Genetic Variability Of Human Adenovirus Type 4: Implication For Viral Pathogenesis, Camden Roy Bair
Intratypic Genetic Variability Of Human Adenovirus Type 4: Implication For Viral Pathogenesis, Camden Roy Bair
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-E4) is a causative agent of acute respiratory disease and conjunctivitis worldwide. Two major lineages of HAdV-E4 genomic variants have been identified by their distinct BamHI restriction profiles: prototype-like (p-like) strains and the a-like genomic variants. Recent molecular epidemiology studies have shown a predominance of a-like genomic variants detected in association with disease which suggests a-like strains have a fitness advantage or they may be more pathogenic. The impact of HAdV-E4 intratypic genetic variability on in vitro and in vivo phenotypes relevant to pathogenesis is a major gap in knowledge. I hypothesize that HAdV-E4 comprises two …
Role Of Gp120 Glycosylation In Sexual Transmission Of Hiv, Yingxue Sun, Adam Meadows, Najwa Zebian, Eric Arts, Carole Creuzenet
Role Of Gp120 Glycosylation In Sexual Transmission Of Hiv, Yingxue Sun, Adam Meadows, Najwa Zebian, Eric Arts, Carole Creuzenet
Western Research Forum
Background:
In chronic HIV patients, the viral populations are genetically diverse due to mutations introduced by the viral reverse transcriptase during HIV replication. However, more than 80% new infections result from single transmission founder (TF) viruses; therefore, targeting the TFs is key to control AIDS worldwide.
Gp120 is a glycosylated envelope protein required for HIV infection, propagation, and transmission. Glycans on gp120 influence HIV infectivity through their interactions with lectins, the carbohydrate-binding immune proteins in the host mucosa. To transmit sexually, viruses must overcome the lectin traps to access more target T cells.
Hypothesis:
TF viruses are less likely to …
Cross-Species Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Molecular And Functional Diversity Of The Unconventional Interferon-Ω Subtype, Lauren E. Shields, Jordan Jennings, Qinfang Liu, Jinhwa Lee, Wenjun Ma, Frank Blecha, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang
Cross-Species Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Molecular And Functional Diversity Of The Unconventional Interferon-Ω Subtype, Lauren E. Shields, Jordan Jennings, Qinfang Liu, Jinhwa Lee, Wenjun Ma, Frank Blecha, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research
Innate immune interferons (IFNs), particularly type I IFNs, are primary mediators regulating animal antiviral, antitumor, and cell-proliferative activity. These antiviral cytokines have evolved remarkable molecular and functional diversity to confront ever-evolving viral threats and physiological regulation. We have annotated IFN gene families across 110 animal genomes, and showed that IFN genes, after originating in jawed fishes, had several significant evolutionary surges in vertebrate species of amphibians, bats and ungulates, particularly pigs and cattle. For example, pigs have the largest but still expanding type I IFN family consisting of nearly 60 IFN-coding genes that encode seven IFN subtypes including multigene subtypes …
Porcine Interferon Complex And Co-Evolution With Increasing Viral Pressure After Domestication, Jordan Jennings, Yongming Sang
Porcine Interferon Complex And Co-Evolution With Increasing Viral Pressure After Domestication, Jordan Jennings, Yongming Sang
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research
Consisting of nearly 60 functional genes, porcine interferon (IFN)-complex represents an evolutionary surge of IFN evolution in domestic ungulate species. To compare with humans and mice, each of these species contains about 20 IFN functional genes, which are better characterized using the conventional IFN-α/β subtypes as examples. Porcine IFN-complex thus represents an optimal model for studying IFN evolution that resulted from increasing viral pressure during domestication and industrialization. We hypothesize and justify that porcine IFN-complex may extend its functionality in antiviral and immunomodulatory activity due to its superior molecular diversity. Furthermore, these unconventional IFNs could even confer some functional and …
Structure-Based Design Of Hepatitis C Virus Vaccines That Elicit Neutralizing Antibody Responses To A Conserved Epitope, Brian G. Pierce, Elisabeth N. Boucher, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Ejemel Monir, Chelsea A. Rapp, William D. Thomas Jr., Eric J. Sundberg, Zhiping Weng, Yan Wang
Structure-Based Design Of Hepatitis C Virus Vaccines That Elicit Neutralizing Antibody Responses To A Conserved Epitope, Brian G. Pierce, Elisabeth N. Boucher, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Ejemel Monir, Chelsea A. Rapp, William D. Thomas Jr., Eric J. Sundberg, Zhiping Weng, Yan Wang
Kurt Piepenbrink
Despite recent advances in therapeutic options, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a severe global disease burden, and a vaccine can substantially reduce its incidence. Due to its extremely high sequence variability, HCV can readily escape the immune response; thus, an effective vaccine must target conserved, functionally important epitopes. Using the structure of a broadly neutralizing antibody in complex with a conserved linear epitope from the HCV E2 envelope glycoprotein (residues 412 to 423; epitope I), we performed structure-based design of immunogens to induce antibody responses to this epitope. This resulted in epitope-based immunogens based on a cyclic defensin protein, as …
Stalking Flu: Development And Characterization Of A Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Targeting The Influenza Hemagglutinin Stem, Elizabeth Newman
Stalking Flu: Development And Characterization Of A Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Targeting The Influenza Hemagglutinin Stem, Elizabeth Newman
NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations
Seasonal epidemics caused by influenza A viruses (IAV) result in an estimated 290,000- 650,000 deaths worldwide each year (17). While antivirals targeted to influenza exist, resistance to these drugs is increasing and regular vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent infection (26, 73, 99). However due to the persistence of antigenic drift and shift, influenza vaccines must be updated each season and antigenic mismatches can reduce efficacy (24, 118). Immunity to influenza either from vaccination or infection is principally mediated by antibodies generated to one of its major surface proteins, Hemagglutinin (HA). HA is a homotrimer, each monomer HA0 …
A Case-Study Approach To Investigate Transmission, Co-Infection, And Clinical Sequelae During Epidemics Of Dengue And Ebola Virus Disease, Jennifer Elizabeth Giovanni
A Case-Study Approach To Investigate Transmission, Co-Infection, And Clinical Sequelae During Epidemics Of Dengue And Ebola Virus Disease, Jennifer Elizabeth Giovanni
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
From within their ecologic niches, zoonotic viruses emerge from animal reservoirs into the edges and centers of human habitation to exploit opportunities for unabated transmission within immunologically–naïve populations. Our understanding of where, in whom, and how these viruses emerge is under direct challenge, driving the evolution of modern infectious disease epidemiology within a rapidly-connected global community. The studies presented herein are based on analyses of both aggregate and case-level data, which, we argue, provide unique insight into the complexities of transmission, co-infection, and clinical sequelae occurring within, and arising from, epidemics of emerging zoonotic viruses. In Chapter II, we investigate …
Kinetics Of Hiv-1 Uncoating In C20 Microglial Cells, Melanie Anne Taylor
Kinetics Of Hiv-1 Uncoating In C20 Microglial Cells, Melanie Anne Taylor
MSU Graduate Theses
Uncoating is a poorly understood yet required step of HIV-1 replication that is defined as the disassembly of the viral capsid structure. The goal of this project is to characterize uncoating in C20 microglial cells. These cells are a natural target of HIV-1 that are infected to establish latent viral reservoirs and HIV-associated neurological disorders. A stable C20 cell line that expresses TRIM-CypA was established to study the kinetics of uncoating with the CsA washout assay. The expression of TRIM-CypA was confirmed by western blot and the functionality of the protein was confirmed by a viral infectivity assay. Using this …