Forest Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Increasing Solids Concentration In Air Knife Coatings For Boxboard, Merri G. Onofrio

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether high solids concentrations may be applied to air knife coatings for boxboard. Considerations were the effects of high solids on coat weight controllability and final sheet properties.

The study was conducted on a pilot air knife coater using coatings at 56-62% solids and containing .2 to .6 parts per hundred CMC as water retention aid. Finished sheet properties evaluated included brightness, gloss, smoothness, IGT pick strength, K & N ink absorption and glueability.

It was determined that solids levels up to 58% could be efficiently run providing machine speed did not …

The Study Of A Laboratory Screw Press Washer As A Means Of Deinking Offset Newsprint At High Consistencies, Kim A. Anderson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this thesis is to study a laboratory horizontal screw press washer as an effective, yet economical, means of deinking offset newsprint wastes at high consistencies. The theoretical advantages of utilizing a high consistency deinking process include minimal water consumption, reduced and more concentrated filtrate volumes, low effluent solids and fiber loss, and minimal space requirements. The disadvantages include a relatively high unit power consumption, high capital cost, sometimes an inefficient amount of fillers and fines removed, and ink particles may get trapped at consistencies greater than 18%. Results proved many of these theoretical advantages and disadvantages. Also, …

A Study Of The Flow Of Pulp Slurries Through A Motionless Mixer, Brian F. Berger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A study was conducted to determine the behavior of pulp flows through a motionless mixer. Specifically, the effects of stock consistency, pulp type, and number of mixing elements on the pressure drop across a motionless mixer were examined. An attempt was made to develop correlations between pressure drop across the motionless mixer due to pulp flows and the consistency of the pulp slurries. From the data generated by this study, it was determined that using the value of pressure drop across the motionless mixer to determine pulp consistency is not very feasible. However, the empirical data generated should be useful …

The Feasibility Of Applying Solar Industrial Process Heat To Paper Machine Dryer Sections, Curtis J. Rollo

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Fossil fuel deficiencies and escalating costs are presented. The application of solar industrial process heat (SIPH) to the paper industry is examined with focus on cylinder dryer sections located at the dry end of a paper machine in a non-integrated mill. Drying theory, as it relates to SIPH, is discussed in detail. Very high steam temperatures are deemed unnecessary for good dryer efficiency. Factors favoring application are listed, as are those U.S. installations similar to the type investigated. A fabric drying facility, using SIPH, is described with respect to the paper drying facility, using SIPH, is described with respect to …

The Effects Of Wet End Chemical Additives On Recycled Filler Furnish, Jeff Oman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Improvements in desired characteristics can be seen from wet and chemical additives and will be accompanied by some degree of negative results in other desired characteristics. Lab work is useful in identifying qualitatively the specific areas where negative and positive effects will be seen. The negative results must then be weighted against the positive gains.

The Britt Jar is a powerful tool for predicting pilot machine behavior and should be used with hand sheet data. Pilot machine data is included as verification of Lab findings.

Soil Studies Educational Unit And Soil Reconnaissance Survey Of Piney Woods Conservation Center, Consuelo Garcia Campos Klotz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A soil reconnaissance survey was conducted on 2,500 acres adjacent to Sam Rayburn Reservoir, in the Angelina National Forest, San Augustine County, the future site of the proposed Piney woods Conservation Center. Data from the soil reconnaissance survey was interpreted and organized into a soil studies educational unit to be used to familiarize teachers with a variety of soils and their properties. Five of the eight soils were integrated into the study unit which is a portion of the total outdoor education and conservation program to be developed for the Piney Woods Conservation Center.

Effects Of Flooding On Herbaceous Species Of The White Cedar-Tamarack Woods In Cedarburg Bog, James A. Reinartz, Steven Kroeger

Field Station Bulletins

A part of the northern lowland forest of Cedarburg Bog was flooded about eight years ago as a result of clogged road culverts. Studies of the effects of flooding on species composition, productivity, hydrology and soils were begun in 1982. Post flooding studies will commence when the natural water levels are restored (ca 1984). This paper compares the frequencies of herbaceous species in the flooded woods with an adjacent portion of unflooded woods. The pattern of species' abundances within the flooded woods is related to the degree of inundation and grazing history of the site. Significantly different frequencies were found …

Behavioral Studies Of Black-Capped Chickadees At The Uwm Field Station, Millicent S. Ficken

Field Station Bulletins

This report summarizes studies of the behavior of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) conducted at the UWM Field Station since 1970. Vocalizations and responses to predators are emphasized. Chickadees are very social and their calls are more complex than those of non-social avian species.

Initial Development Plans For New Land, D J. Carder

All other publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Pressdrying On Bogus Medium, Judith Lynn Reames

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Pressdrying is simultaneous pressing and drying. It employs a steam heated roll in some type of extended nip.

This study was made to determine the effects of pressdrying on 100% bogus medium. Pressure during pressdrying and nip residence time were constant. Freeness and solids content before drying were varied. Pressdried sheets were compared to sheets dried under no pressure but produced under otherwise similar conditions.

At any given freeness level, the pressdried sheets were higher in density and ring crush, and lower in tensile and caliper. Variance of solids content before drying showed no trend for tensile. Based on significance …

Review: Land Use In America, Perry J. Brown

Forest Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Helianthus Turberosus As An Alternative Fiber Source, Bruce E. Hammond

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Depithing of Helianthus Tuberosus was performed for one and five minutes in a Morden Slush Maker at 115°C and 7% consistency. The pith and fines were removed, leaving the woody chips. The chips were pulped using sodium hydroxide in a bomb digestor at a five to one liquor to wood ratio using 20% active alkali for one hour at 170°C. The resulting chips were fiberized and handsheets were made according to Noble and Wood procedures. The handsheets were tested and reported.

The resulting fibers show little promise for use in papers requiring high tensile or tear.

A Comparison Of Insolubilizers For Naoh Cut Protein Coatings, Jon Rock

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Soy protein is commonly dispersed with NH₄OH, which is a volatile alkali driven off during the drying process. This creates a potential health hazard. Sodium hydroxide, which does not vaporize, can be used to disperse the protein. However, when using it, it is difficult to develop water resistance. This project is designed to find an additive that when used in conjunction with NaOH dispersed proteins will produce a water resistant coating.

Four insolubilizing agents: melamine formaldehyde, ammonium zirconium carbonate, glyoxal, and sunrez 700FF, were tested with 2.5-3.5 and 5% NaOH dispersed proteins, while a 15% NH₄OH …

Activity Patterns, Movement Ecology, And Habitat Utilization Of Black Bears In The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, Howard B. Quigley

Masters Theses

Radio-collars were fitted on 22 black bears captured on a 155 km² study area in the northwest portion of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, between June 1978 and December 1979.

Activity monitors in radio-collars indicated that bears exhibited crepuscular daily patterns of activity which were modified seasonally; activity was highest during the day in all seasons but night time activity was highest during fall. Most seasonal variations in diet patterns of activity are attributed to changes in foraging patterns. Monthly activity levels were lowest in the postdenning months of April and May and the predenning months of …

Drought-Tolerance Comparison Of Aleppo Pine And Brutia Pine Seedlings, Mohammad S. Abido

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seedlings of Pinus halepensis and P. brutia were grown from seeds in a greenhouse. When 6 months old, randomly sampled seedlings were subjected to water stress by withholding irrigation. During this period, foliage and root characteristics of seedlings not under moisture stress were recorded. Pinus halepensis showed the greater ability to endure moisture stress and to maintain a higher level of needle-moisture content during the dry-down period. Meanwhile, P. brutia showed important anatomical and morphological adaptations which enable the species to conserve moisture.

Tb104: An Analysis Of Moisture Content Variation In Eastern Spruce And Balsam Fir In Maine, James E. Shottafer, Allen M. Brackley

Technical Bulletins

This study was undertaken as an attempt to develop some estimate of the characteristic moisture content of green eastern spruce (Picea spp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsame a (L. ) Mill.), employing the methods prescribed under the Maine Weights and Measures Law. Certain procedural factors and conditions of growth were also considered, to evaluate their effect on the moisture content of the wood at the time of harvesting or shortly after cutting.

Vascular Plants Near The Margins Of Their Range In Cedarburg Bog. Part Ii. Dicots, James A. Reinartz, Gay E. Reinartz

Field Station Bulletins

There are two species of gymnosperms and 18 monocots that are near the southern edge of their geographic range in Cedarburg Bog (Reinartz and Reinartz 1981). Six of these may actually reach their range boundary in the bog. Nine species of the Cyperaceae and seven Orchidaceae comprise the bulk of the monocot species that are near their southern limits. The purpose of this paper is to provide an annotated listing of dicot species which have geographically marginal populations in Cedarburg Bog.

Summer Birds Reaching The Margins Of Their Range At The Cedarburg Bog And The Uwm Field Station, John H. Idzikowski

Field Station Bulletins

In a previous article, Reinartz and Reinartz (1981) described the monocot and gymnosperm plants that reach their range limits at the Cedarburg Bog. The bog forest consists primarily of·white cedar (Thuja canadensis) and tamarack (Larix laricina) and includes a string bog plant community, all typical of wetlands further north. The summer fauna also possesses an ecologically northern relict flavor. This is especially true of the most conspicuous vertebrates, the birds. Many bird species found in the bog are more closely associated with the transitional and boreal forests of Canada and northern Wisconsin than with the deciduous forests and fields that …

An Analysis Of The Fractionating Capabilities Of The Black Clawson Selectifier Pressure Screen, Jim Tinsler

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this thesis was to analyze the fiber fractionation capabilities of the Black Clawson Selectifier Pressure Screen. Due to problems associated with the equipment, the actual analysis was not performed, However, it was found that for a setup such as the secondary fiber pilot plant, it is not possible to secure the piping system good enough to permit the use of sonic flowmeters. These meters are intended to be used on piping systems that are free from heavy vibrations.

The Effects Of Steam Dispersion On Water Retention In The Coating System, Jeffrey J. Lettenberger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship that steam dispersion has upon water holding characteristics of a starch/clay system. It is proposed that the amount of dispersion during and after depolymerization of starch will have a direct relationship with water retention. The water retention values were measured on a modified Warren tester. It was found that excess steam dispersion of the starch increased the water retention values of the coatings. However, water retention values were found to be very sensitive to %solids of the starch/clay slurry, that is, as %solids decreased, water retention of the coatings decreased. …

Stand Risk Rating For The Southern Pine Beetle: Integrating Pest Management With Forest Management, Gordon L. Autry

Faculty Publications

Stand risk rating for the southern pine beetle.

Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., is a first step toward dealing with a serious but sporadic insect problem. Two approaches, one utilizing readily available resource data, the other employing data obtained from aerial photographs, illustrate application of current knowledge to meet the protection needs of resource management-the primary role of integrated pest management. During a 36-month period in Louisiana, high-risk stands accounted for 13.4 infestations per 1,000 acres, four times the rate of low-risk stands; in Texas high-risk stands accounted for 9 .9 infestations per 1 ,000 acres during 1973-1978, almost five times the …

The Effect Of Dryer Fabric Tension On The Moisture Removal In Paper, Scott D. Adams

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The efficiency of the dryer sections is becoming increasingly important as energy prices soar. In an attempt to evaluate one of the possible variables which influence the efficiency of the dryer sections, this study of dryer fabric tension was made.

Previous studies have shown that increased tension improves the heat transfer from the cylinder to the sheet by dissipating the insulating layer of air which separates the two. The tension necessary for this to occur was labeled the optimum tension. Tensions above the optimum gave no added benefits.

To test this hypothesis, three sets of trials were made on the …

The Effects Of Preprinted Supplements On A Flotation Deinking Operation, Monty L. Adams

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Objective: The objective of this thesis was to see the effects of heavy offset inked supplements on a newsprint flotation deinking operation.

Coated and uncoated supplements were studied separately and in combination to see what quantities could be allowed to enter into a flotation deinking process without seriously reducing the quality of the resulting paper.

Goal: The goal of this thesis was to obtain a final product comparable in quality to the material in which these supplements were printed on.

This study should result in the ultimate reuse of a seldom used fiber source and eliminate the added expense of …

The Effect Of Surface Pretreatment On Binder Penetration In Coated Board, William A. Hillberg

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A study was performed to determine the effects of surface size pretreatments on binder penetration into coated board. Sixteen point board was sized with water, oxidized starch, polyvinyl alcohol and a 20:1 mixture of the two utilizing the blade coater. This treated board was then coated with a latex-clay coating on the air knife coater.

Testing of the board samples showed that the coated board pretreated with the oxidized starch had the best surface strength and ink hold-out characteristics. This was followed by the mixture and finally by the polyvinyl alcohol. The coated board with no surface size had the …

The Effect Of Temperature, Moisture Content And Latex Particle Size On Latex Coating Gloss, Edmund J. Miller

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This thesis involved the study of the effects on gloss of moisture, temperature, and particle size of styrene butadiene bound pigmented coatings. Variables investigated were substrate absorbancy, latex particle size, moisture content and calendar stack temperature. Substrate absorbancy was varied by comparing an unsized 70 g/m 2 paper base sheet to a polymer drafting film (mylar). Latex particle size was varied by method of emulsion manufacture so that each was uniform and monodispersed. Moisture content was varied by allowing the sheets to come to equilibrium in a room where the humidity was changed. The temperature of the calendar stack was …

The Reprocessing Of Aged Newsprint, Debra L. Miersma

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this thesis was to determine the most efficient strength of bleach to whiten aged, unprinted news keeping strength loss to a minimum. The paper was aged in natural sunlight on a clothesline at four levels of exposure: No aging, 3 days, 12 days and 24 days. Bleaching sequence used was a two-stage hydrogen peroxide/sodium hydrosulfite. One percent, 2%,and 3% peroxide levels were used. The hydrosulfite was kept at constant 1%. All percentages were based on oven dry fiber.

Results showed an increase in yellowing of the paper with greater sun exposure; one percent peroxide effected a brightness …

Pulp Consistency Correlation To Pressure Drop Across A Static Mixer As A Possible Means Of Consistency Measurement, Kevin J. Mcmunn

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this project was to determine if pressure drop in a static mixer can be related to pulp consistency in the 2-4% range. If this relationship can be found, it would be possible to use the static mixer as a consistency sensor. Consistency measurement is one of the most difficult variables to measure and control in the pulp and paper mill. Any sensor which would improve reliability and accuracy of consistency measurement would be worthwhile.

The results of this project indicate that the use of pressure drop across a static mixer is not a practical method of consistency …

An Investigation Of The Relationships Between Water Retention Additives And The Water Retention Mechanism, Thomas P. Mckeel

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine how CMC, HEC and Kelgin QL function in their control of water retention. It is proposed that their performance can be related to the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the hydrocolloid molecule. It was also proposed to study the effect of pigment selection on water retention. Water retention values (WRV) were measured on a modified S. D. Warren conductivity tester. It was concluded that the proposed theory represents a valid explanation of the water retention mechanism involving these additives. Differences in WRV of the additives was attributed to structural differences …

Anaerobic Degradation Of Pulp And Paper Industry Landfill Leachate In Soil, Susie K. Leclear

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this project is to determine if organics in pulp and paper industry leachates can undergo anaerobic degradation in soil. If the leachate does degrade, it could reduce the potential for groundwater pollution. Attenuation, the decrease in the concentration of contaminants, can be affected by different soil parameters like biological activity, particle size and pore spaces. Also, temperature can affect the rate of degradation.

Not only does this study want to show the presence of degradation, but also the effects of adsorption with different soils.

The results of pH, ORP, and COD tests show that degradation occurred at …

The Effects Of Electron Beam Radiation On Paper, Paul R. Proxmire

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objectives of this investigation were as follows:

1. To see the general effects of electron beam radiation on paper.

2. To see the effect of varying lignin content of paper as it pertains to electron beam radiation.

3. To see the effects of possible protecting compounds.

It was clearly shown by this investigation that electron beam radiation has detrimental effects on paper. Decreases in brightness, tensile, tear, burst, and fold were observed along with an increase in yellowness. It was also shown that the greatest percentage of damage occurred during low dosage (

The investigation also showed that as …