Forest Sciences Commons^™

The Separation Of Low Density Polyethylene Laminates From Paper, Angela M. Selchan

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Low density polyethylene is a very popular plastic which is commonly found in laminations which are extruded onto paper and paperboard. It is often used on products used for food packaging because of its inert and protective properties. With the aid of a corona discharge, polyethylene becomes ink receptive and forms a strong bond with the substrate; however, this bond is not a major problem when polyethylene laminated paper is recycled. The problems with recyclingcan be contributed to the heat sensitivity of the polyethylene. At high temperatures the polymer stretches and forms tangled conglomerations which trap fibers. Therefore the key …

The Influence Of Fillers On Alkaline Sizing, Thomas K. Shannon

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this study was to determine whether filler surface area or filler type has the greater effect on alkaline sizing efficiency. At a given surface area and sizing addition level, ground CaCO₃ consistently gave higher sizing efficiency than clay. As the filler surface area increases the sizing efficiency decreases. At higher filler loadings there is a dramatic decrease in sizing response.

This report shows the following conclusions: CaCO₃ gives higher sizing response than clay at a given surface area, both an increase in surface area and filler loading decreases sizing efficiency.

Many mills are going to …

Interaction Of Specific Contaminants In Pulp And Paper Effluents/ Leachates With The Soil, Steven G. Ziolkowski

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This thesis deals with the interaction of specific contaminants in pulp and paper effluents and how they leach into the soil. The mill included in my study applies its effluent to special irrigation fields on a daily basis. The mill produces some specialty paper which involves the use of heavy metals in its paper-making process and as a result some of the metals are applied on the irrigation field. By taking soil samples from the irrigation fields and analyzing them for heavy metals, I hope to come up with some conclusions for the behavior of vertical migration of heavy metals …

Variables Affecting Impregnation During Kraft Pulping, William J. Corriveau

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this report was twofold. First, a pulping aid was evaluated for its effects on pulp properties. Then, the pulping aid was used in conjunction with a reduction in the times to temperature for several cooks, to see if the pulping aid could be used to reduce the total cooking time for kraft cooks.

To gain some background as to how the pulping aid might affect the cook, variables affecting impregnation are presented and discussed.

Press Water Reclamation Using A New High Solids Filter, Jonathan C. Kerr

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Press section water cannot be reused on a fine papermachine due solely to the fact that fibrous contaminants, specifically felt fibers that are removed by the felt cleaning system, cause an inordinate amount of trailing blade coater scratches and other defects in the final product. In this study, the feasability was examined of using a Ronnigen-Petter CycloSpray high solids filter to remove felt and cellulose fibers from press water.

By maintaining a constant fiber content of 0.4 lbs./1000 gallons and increasing the filler loading from 20 lbs./1000 gallons to 40 lbs./1000 gallons, the effect of increasing filler loading on fiber …

Developing A Computer Model And Its Application In Evaluating Forward Cleaner Sequences, Diane M. Krumwiede

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objection of this work was to establish a useable format for developing an idea into a working model and to verify that format by example.

The format is outlined as follows:

Establish a need

Set Objectives/Criteria

Synthesis

Analysis

Selection

Decision/Action

Communication

The example used to verify the format was a comparison of various forward cleaner sequences to determine if an improvement could be made over the current cascade system. After completion of the model format, it was determined that an alpha/alpha cleaning system would prove more cost effective than a cascade system if it was run at feed consistencies …

Recreation Opportunity Spectrum With Implications For Wildlife-Oriented Recreation, Perry J. Brown

Forest Management Faculty Publications

Resource planning has undergone transitions over the years from a site to area to regional orientation and from a single function to integrated resource management orientation. Wildlife and recretation resource planning have been part of this evolution, which has been stimulated somewhat by recent land management planning-oriented legislation such as the National Forest Management Act and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act.

During the last couple of years, a system for recreation planning within the context of integrated resource planning has emerged. It is called Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) planning and arose as an old idea was made operational …

Spatial Learning As An Adaptation In Hummingbirds, Susan Cole, F. Reed Hainsworth, Alan Kamil, Terre Mercier, Larry L. Wolf

Avian Cognition Papers

An ecological approach based on food distribution suggests that hummingbirds should more easily learn to visit a flower in a new location than to learn to return to a flower in a position just visited, for a food reward. Experimental results support this hypothesis as well as the general view that differences in learning within and among species represent adaptations.

Mississippi Timber Removals - A Ten Year Presentation, G. H. Weaver, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Mississippi is a major producer of manufactured forest products, and most of the timber required by Mississippi's forest industry is produced and harvested within the State. A severance tax on timber harvested in Mississippi is paid to the Mississippi State Tax Commission, and annual reports of timber removals are prepared by the Commission.

Behavioral And Genetic Diversity During Dispersal: Analysis Of A Polymorphic Esterase Locus In Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus Frontalis, L. Zack Florence, Paul C. Johnson, Jack E. Coster

Faculty Publications

Dispersal behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in response to synthetic aggregating pheromone (frontalin) indicates an exponential decrease in response with distance from the site of emergence. Differential response during dispersal among genotypes at a polymorphic esterase locus was found by using starch gel electrophoresis. These differences produced allelic distributions that predict increased genetic diversity concurrent with increasing dispersal distance from the source population.

Hop, Flutter, Crawl: Interpreting Insects For Children, David L. Kulhavy, Michael Legg

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Understanding Color Infrared Photography, William H. Klein

eBooks

Color infrared aerial photography has wide application in many aspects of forest management but Its potential may not be fully realized because many users do not understand the color process and consequently how to properly interpret it. This paper takes the reader through the entire photographic process, beginning with the principles of light and ending with the final positive transparency. The step-by-step sequence is supplemented with colored illustrations and color and color infrared paired photographs. Once the process is understood, the prospective photo interpreter will be able to Independently deduce the actual color of any image on color Infrared film.

Training Biologists In Institutional Topics: Federal Needs And Viable Approaches, Stephen A. Miller, Dennis L. Schweitzer

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Consider the following question:
"A proposed development activity that promises substantial economic benefits will have significant adverse impacts on fish and wildlife resources in the area. What percentage of all your agency wildlife and fisheries professionals could develop and present a fully professional defense for the faunal interests in the area to an audience largely oriented towards commodity development?"
Before you become too uneasy with your answer to that question, let me pose another:
"Your wildlife and fish budget request to carry out a proposed program, regulatory activity, project or operation has been challenged. What percentage of all your agency …

Spotted Owl Research And Management In The Pacific Northwest, Eric D. Forsman, Kirk M. Horn, William A. Neitro

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

In recent years, a rapidly expanding body of research has made wildlife biologists and land managers increasingly aware that old-growth forests are critical wildlife habitat. This has come at a time when old-growth forests are rapidly being eliminated in order to meet human demands for wood products. In Oregon, for example, it is anticipated that virtually all remaining old-growth forests on commercial forest lands will be harvested by the year 2020 (Beuter et al. 1976). Thereafter, regenerating forests on cutover areas will be intensively managed and harvested every 60-80 years on most sites. If history is a good example, it …

Livestock And Riparian-Fishery Interactions: What Are The Facts?, William S. Platts

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

The riparian environment has become a key consideration in the planning and management of the public lands. This highly productive habitat receives many uses, some of which conflict with one another. Because there are conflicts that need immediate attention, range and fishery managers are making complicated, hurried decisions, often without the benefit of adequate knowledge or experience. In addition, interpretations emerging from riparian studies are often confusing and contradictory, inhibiting the manager's decision-making abilities.
Leopold (1974) stated that fish and wildlife habitat in western rangeland has experienced and is experiencing a steady deterioration under livestock grazing. The same year, Heady …

A Comparative Analysis Of Potential Nitrification And Nitrate Mobility In Forest Ecosystems, Peter M. Vitousek, James R. Gosz, Charles C. Grier, Jerry M. Melillo, William A. Reiners

Dartmouth Scholarship

Mobilization in a wide range of forest ecosystems were investigated through a combination of field and laboratory experiments.Trenched plot experiments were performed in 17 forests, and laboratory incubation studies of potential ammonium and nitrate production were made on soils from 14ofthese sites.

Resource Management Thrusts And Opportunities: Fish And Wildlife-A Fuller Dimension To Improved Resource Management, John B. Crowell, Jr.

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

It has been a little more than a year since President Reagan was inaugurated, and a little less time than that since I was confirmed and sworn in as assistant secretary of agriculture. We have moved to establish and implement some changed emphases in our resource management programs. So, by now there should be little mistake about our intent to improve natural resource management on the national forests. We intend to increase the productivity of these resources without corresponding increases in federal appropriations. We intend to generate increased receipts to the U.S. Treasury by emphasizing revenue-producing activities such as timber …

Solving The Habitat Dispersion Problem In Forest Planning, Stephen P. Mealey, James F. Lipscomb, K. Norman Johnson

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) of 1976 (16 U .S.c. 1600) requires that each National Forest, by 1985, prepare one integrated management plan that provides for multiple use and sustained yield for goods and services (36 CFR 219). Such plans must, by inference, emphasize single resources only to the extent that thresholds or minimum legal conditions for all other resources are always provided (Clawson 1975). The goal for wildlife to be met by each forest plan is: manage wildlife habitats to maintain viable populations of all existing native vertebrate species in the planning area (the forest) and maintain and …

Habitat Classification-Assessments For Wildlife And Fish, Hal Salwasser, William B. Krohn

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Comprehensive planning and management of natural resources require the assessment of existing and future conditions offish and wildlife. Fish and wildlife, hereafter referred to as wildlife resources, can be inventoried and assessed either in terms of animals or habitats. Both approaches are useful given certain management objectives. For example, population inventories in concert with other data, are often used to assess the impacts of hunting. In contrast, habitat inventories are used to evaluate the impacts of grazing, or other land and water uses, on wildlife resources. Our objective is not to compare or contrast the two approaches, but to focus …

Project Applications Of The Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Wildlife And Fish Habitat Relationships System, Judy L. Sheppard, Dale L. Wills, James L. Simonson

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Wildlife and Fish Habitat Relationships (WFHR) is a Forest Service system for integrating wildlife and fish information and assessment data into interdisciplinary land and resource management. WFHR is a comprehensive organization of information in a format useful for managing wildlife through the management of their habitats. The WFHR System assists the Forest Service in meeting its goal of managing wildlife and fish habitats, both for species diversity as well as for individual species of management concern.
The Rocky Mountain WFHR System (USDA Forest Service 1981a) organizes information on 853 vertebrate animal species occurring on National Forest System lands in the …

Relationships Between Avifauna And Streamside Vegetation, Evelyn L. Bull, Jon M. Skovlin

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Riparian microhabitats in coniferous forests in northeastern Oregon are sensitive to alteration. They have been used disproportionately by people, livestock, and wildlife. These uses have altered the habitats, specifically by reducing vegetative structure (Thomas 1979).
Land management agencies are revegetating depleted riparian zones to improve fish and wildlife habitat. Managers need information on the response of birds to kinds and structures of vegetation so that wildlife objectives can be met.
Several studies have dealt with the relationships of riparian vegetation and avifauna (Carothers and Johnson 1975, Ferguson et al. 1976, Stauffer 1978). Although these studies determined some of the habitat …

Needs For And Approaches To Wildlife Habitat Assessment, Jack Ward Thomas

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

For many years prior to 1969, wildlife was essentially defined, in the practice of governmental bodies, as those species hunted for sport, trapped for furs, controlled to accomplish human objectives, or of particular aesthetic value. Governmental management of these species was based on funding obtained from or supported largely by clearly identified constituencies.
Universities evolved specialized programs in wildlife biology and management to produce the knowledge and trained professionals to meet these needs. Many such programs were oriented to training in zoology which emphasized the animal and populations while paying less attention to habitat.
As a result, most wildlife research …

Lucille Vinyard Journal 1982, Lucille Vinyard

Lucille Vinyard Journal Collection

No abstract provided.

Woody Vegetation At Burgner Acres, East-Central Illinois: Composition And Changes Since 1964, Larry Philip Lehnen Jr.

Masters Theses

A comparative study was undertaken of the changes in woody vegetation of Burgner Acres during the past 18 years. This ten acre woodlot, located in east-central Illinois was surveyed using a method identical to that of a previous study. A literature review describing the composition of three general types of forests in the Grand Prairie Division of Illinois is included.

Twenty-five arborescent species are present on the study site with white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) maintaining its position as first in importance value (I.V. = relative frequency + relative density + relative dominance). Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) has …

Natural Variation In Merchantable Stem Biomass And Volume Among Clones Of Populus Tremuloides Michx, G.A. Lehn, K.O. Higginbotham

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Understory-Overstory Vegetation Relationships: An Annotated Bibliography, Peter F. Ffolliott, Warren P. Clary

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Root Distribution And Soil Water Regimes In Nine Habitat Types Of The Northern Rocky Mountains, T. Weaver

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Partial Cutting On Diseases, Mortality, And Regeneration Of Rocky Mountain Aspen Stands, James W. Walters, Thomas E. Hinds, David W. Johnson, Jerome Beatty

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

The Extent And Characteristics Of Low Productivity Aspen Areas In Minnesota, G.K. Raile, J.T. Hahn

Aspen Bibliography

The aspen type in Minnesota occupies about 5.3 million acres, 39 percent of the State's commercial forest land1 Aspen is the State's major commercial species, accounting for 43 percent of all growing-stock removals for products in 1976 (Jakes 1980).

Ecotypic Differences In Heat Resistance Of Aspen Leaves, K.M. Peck, S.J. Wallner

Aspen Bibliography

Heat resistance of aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaves was assessed by stressing leaf discs in vitro and measuring electrolyte leakage. Leaves were obtained from trees growing at elevations of 1960, 2195, and 2454 m. Heat tolerance was greatest in leaf samples from trees growing at the lowest site. Trees propagated from these sites and grown at 1520 m for 2 years showed some increase in heat tolerance, but apparent ecotypic differences persisted