Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons^™

Jaguars And Pumas Exhibit Distinct Spatiotemporal Responses To Human Disturbances In Colombia’S Most Imperiled Ecoregion, Joe J. Figel, Sebastián Botero-Cañola, Juan David Sánchez-Londoño, Javier Racero-Casarrubia

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Abstract

Coexistence of sympatric felids is facilitated by mutual avoidance and the partitioning of habitats, prey, and time. Anthropogenic disturbances disrupt this coexistence in fragmented landscapes, potentially triggering cascading influences in ecological communities. We used photographic data from 8,717 trap nights (November 2014–June 2016) at 87 camera trap sites in Colombia’s middle Magdalena River basin to compare spatiotemporal overlap among jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), their prey, and humans, at sites of high and low disturbance, as determined by the human influence index. Human disturbance events (e.g. domestic dogs, livestock, and humans, including armed hunters) …

Predictors Of Bat Species Richness Within The Islands Of The Caribbean Basin, Justin D. Hoffman, Gabrielle Kadlubar, Scott C. Pedersen, Roxanne J. Larsen, Peter A. Larsen, Carleton J. Phillips, Gary G. Kwiecinski, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Several mechanisms have been shown to influence species richness among island ecosystems, yet most studies limit their focus to a few predictor variables. The objective of this study is to investigate variation in Chiropteran richness across islands in the Caribbean Basin with an extensive set of predictor variables. Using recent faunal surveys, the most contemporary list of bat species per island was complied. Data were collected on 17 predictor variables, which summarized five general island characteristics including island area, isolation, habitat diversity, human impact, and climate. An information-theoretic approach was used by fitting alternative candidate models to determine which variable(s) …

A Scientometric Appreciation Of Robert J. Baker's Contributions To Science And Mammalogy, David J. Schmidly, Robert D. Bradley, Emma K. Roberts, Lisa C. Bradley, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

This article describes Robert James Baker’s academic pedigree and genealogy, his scientific productivity (number of publications), his citations, his students, his contributions to his university and scientific societies, his personality in relation to his scientific achievements, his legacy, and a personal note of appreciation by individuals who worked with him and knew him well. His accomplishments are compared with other dominant personalities in the field of mammalogy, both historical and contemporary. The paper builds on the 2018 obituary authored by Hugh Genoways and others that was published in the Journal of Mammalogy, but includes a much more quantitative and …

Genetic Diversity Of Neotropical Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) With An Emphasis On South American Species, Roxanne J. Larsen, Michelle C. Knapp, Hugh H. Genoways, Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Peter A. Larsen, Don E. Wilson, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Background: Cryptic morphological variation in the Chiropteran genus Myotis limits the understanding of species boundaries and species richness within the genus. Several authors have suggested that it is likely there are unrecognized species-level lineages of Myotis in the Neotropics. This study provides an assessment of the diversity in New World Myotis by analyzing cytochrome-b gene variation from an expansive sample ranging throughout North, Central, and South America. We provide baseline genetic data for researchers investigating phylogeographic and phylogenetic patterns of Myotis in these regions, with an emphasis on South America.

Methodology and Principal Findings: Cytochrome-b sequences were generated and …

Genetic Diversity Of Neotropical Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) With An Emphasis On South American Species, Roxanne J. Larsen, Michelle C. Knapp, Hugh H. Genoways, Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Peter A. Larsen, Don E. Wilson, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Background: Cryptic morphological variation in the Chiropteran genus Myotis limits the understanding of species boundaries and species richness within the genus. Several authors have suggested that it is likely there are unrecognized species-level lineages of Myotis in the Neotropics. This study provides an assessment of the diversity in New World Myotis by analyzing cytochrome-b gene variation from an expansive sample ranging throughout North, Central, and South America. We provide baseline genetic data for researchers investigating phylogeographic and phylogenetic patterns of Myotis in these regions, with an emphasis on South America.

Methodology and Principal Findings: Cytochrome-b sequences were …

Bats Of The Grenadine Islands, West Indies, And Placement Of Koopman's Line, Hugh H. Genoways, Gary G. Kwiecinski, Peter A. Larsen, Scott C. Pedersen, Roxanne J. Larsen, Justin D. Hoffman, Mark De Silva, Carleton J. Phillips, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Almost nothing is known concerning the chiropteran fauna on the Grenadine Islands, a chain of islands between St. Vincent and Grenada located near the southern end of the Lesser Antilles. Previously, only a single species—Glossophaga longirostris—had been reported from the Grenadines. Our research, conducted on 4 occasions over the period of 1980 to 2006, provided museum vouchers and genetic specimens for the addition of 4 other species to the known fauna of these islands—Noctilio leporinus, Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus schwartzi, and Molossus molossus. The Grenadines, being situated between St. Vincent and Grenada, occupy an important zoogeographic position. …

Speciation Within Bonneted Bats (Genus Eumops): The Complexity Of Morphological, Mitochondrial, And Nuclear Data Sets In Systematics, Molly M. Mcdonough, Loren K. Ammerman, Robert M. Timm, Hugh H. Genoways, Peter A. Larsen, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

We phylogenetically analyze 705 base pairs of the cytochrome-b gene and 351 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) bands from populations of the karyotypically variable Wagner’s bonneted bat, Eumops glaucinus, and the Florida bonneted bat, Eumops floridanus (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Three karyotypes have been documented across the range of E. glaucinus, and we report that the karyotype from Cuba is morphologically similar to that from Jamaica. A 4th karyotype is present in specimens from western Ecuador. Three distinct lineages are present in both the cytochrome-b and AFLP trees. One lineage is restricted to western Ecuador and exhibits cytochrome-b …

Mist Netting Bias, Species Accumulation Curves, And The Rediscovery Of Two Bats On Montserrat (Lesser Antilles), Roxanne Larsen, Karen A. Boegler, Hugh H. Genoways, Will P. Masefield, Ronan A. Kirsch, Scott C. Pedersen

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Mist nets are commonly used to survey bat populations and to estimate bat biodiversity, but several studies have found that mist net capture data and methods are biased due to a number of factors, including size and placement of nets, and the frequency at which investigators check their nets. Despite the wealth of literature and anecdotal reports, few investigators have quantified the interactions of bats with mist nets directly. We employed night vision camcorders to monitor bat behavior when bats encountered a mist net and then utilized these data to reevaluate years of survey data collected on Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. …

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. Xiv. Mammals Of Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname, Burton K. Lim, Mark D. Engstrom, Hugh H. Genoways, François M. Catzeflis, Kelly A. Fitzgerald, Sandra L. Peters, Marijem Djosetro, Sandra Brandon, Sutrisno Mitro

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

An inventory of mammals in the vicinity of Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname, incorporated a number of different sampling methods including examining museum voucher specimens, an animal-rescue operation, transect surveys, camera photo-traps, and interviews with local inhabitants. We document a total of 125 mammal species present in the Park. These include ten opossums, five pilosans, four armadillos, 58 bats, eight monkeys, 13 carnivores, one tapir, four artiodactyls, and 22 rodents. Nine of these species are reported for the first time from Suriname: one mouse opossum (Marmosops pinheiroi); one naked-backed moustached bat (Pteronotus gymnonotus); four fruit-eating bats ( …

Bats Of Jamaica, Hugh H. Genoways, John W. Bickham, Robert J. Baker, Carleton J. Phillips

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The modern history of Jamaica is entwined with European exploration of the New World beginning with the landing of Columbus at Discovery Bay on May 4, 1494, during his second voyage to the Americas. Since that time the word Jamaica has conjured thoughts of tropical beaches, trade winds, pleasant tropical nights, Spaniards, British navy, Empire, sugar, rum, plantations, slavery, revolt, maroons, pirates, Port Royal, disasters, hurricanes, and in more recent years independence, tourism, Reggae, and welcoming and happy residents. Our knowledge of Jamaican natural history begins with Browne (1789). He and other early naturalists displayed a broad interest in plants …

Mammals Of The Cosigüina Peninsula Of Nicaragua, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert M. Timm

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Nicaragua’s Cosigüina Peninsula, located at the northwestern tip of the country, is one of the most poorly studied biotic regions in Central America. The peninsula has been occupied for millennia because the climate of the region supported human habitation and because of its strategic position along the rich Pacific coast. The combination of long-term occupancy by humans and the cataclysmic eruptions of Volcán Cosigüina have produced a heavily impacted landscape. During the 1960s, the University of Kansas conducted multiyear field surveys of the terrestrial mammals on the peninsula and the adjacent mainland to quantify species diversity, relationships, abundances, habitat use, …

Bats Of Nevis, Northern Lesser Antilles, Scott C. Pedersen, Hugh H. Genoways, Matthew N. Morton, James W. Johnson, Siân E. Courts

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Only one species of bat, Molossus molossus, previously has been documented as occurring on the northern Lesser Antillean island of Nevis. Field research and reviews of existing museum collections have provided documentation based on voucher specimens for an additional seven species occurring on the island — Noctilio leporinus, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Monophyllus plethodon, Ardops nichollsi, Artibeus jamaicensis, Natalus stramineus, and Tadarida brasiliensis. The biological diversity of the chiropteran fauna on Nevis is similar to that found on other islands in the northern Lesser Antilles. Ecologically, this is a simple chiropteran fauna, including one …

Bats Of The Antillean Island Of Grenada: A New Zoogeographic Perspective, Hugh H. Genoways, Carleton J. Phillips, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The island of Grenada is the southernmost of the Lesser Antilles, lying 130 km north of Trinidad and 135 km north of the Venezuelan mainland. It measures 34 km north to south and 19 km east to west and has an area of 312 square km. Grenada and the Grenadines northward to Bequia stand on the large submarine Grenada Bank. At 183 m depth, the bank is 179 km long. The Grenadines cover the bank to its northern end, but the bank extends for 39 km south of Grenada with no islands. During the last Ice Age, Grenada and the …

Amphicyonidae, Robert Hunt

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The Amphicyonidae occur in North America from late Eocene (~40 Ma) to early late Miocene (~9 Ma), a span of 31 million years. In the North American land mammal biochronology, this diverse family extends from the Duchesnean to the end of the Clarendonian and is especially well represented in the Miocene (~5-24 Ma). In the Old World, amphicyonids survive no longer than in North America: The last European records are Vallesian (Dinotheriensande, Mainz Basin, Germany, Kuss, 1965, Tobien, 1980; Vallés-Penédes Basin, Spain, Crusafont-Pairó and Kurten, 1976), and the last representative may occur at about 9 Ma at Kohfidisch, Austria (latest …

A New Species Of The Genus Rhogeessa, With Comments On Geographic Distribution And Speciation In The Genus, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

A new species of Rhogeessa is described from southern Suriname. The new species is characterized by a karyotype that possesses a diploid number of 52 and a fundamental number of 52 and by its relatively large overall size compared to other South American Rhogeessa. Tenspecies are now recognized within the genus. Seven of these species, including the one described herein, are members of R. tumida complex. Two of these species--R. io and R. minutilla--also occur in South America and the remaining four species are confined to Mexico and Central America.

The Bats Of Fountain Cavern, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

First paragraph:

During May 1988, two species of bats--Brachyphylla cavernarum (Antillean cave bat) and Natalus stramineus (funnel-eared bat)--were captured at the opening of Fountain Cavern. Only Brachyphylla cavernarum was captured inside of the cave. The weather was extremely wet during our visit to Anguilla so our work in Fountain Cavern was limited by hazardous conditions. Nevertheless, we did make a thorough survey of the bats inside the cave. There is only one other species on Anguilla--Monophyllus redmani (Antillean long-tongued bat)--that might be expected to utilize Fountain Cavern as a roosting site.

Includes the author's recommendations about conservation for …

Caribbean Island Zoogeography: A New Approach Using Mitochondrial Dna To Study Neotropical Bats, Carleton J. Phillips, Dorothy E. Pumo, Hugh H. Genoways, Phillip E. Ray

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Genetic analysis of animal mitochondrial DNA is a new and valuable addition to the battery of techniques available to zoogeographers. This paper describes characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that make it applicable for the study of island zoogeography.

Some traditional zoogeographic questions are examined using mtDNA from the Neotropical fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. The specific questions are: 1) To what extent are island populations isolated (that is, does interbreeding occur between the insular subspecies)? 2) Can a single founding female account for the mitochondrial genomes on specific islands in the Antilles? 3) Is there a correlation between the genomic …

Lasiurus Blossevilli (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) In Texas, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

First paragraph:

A bat netted in the ZH Canyon in the Sierra Vieja Mountains, 9 mi. W Valentine, Presidio Co., Texas, appears to be the first record of the western red bat (Lasiurus blossevillii teliotis) from the state of Texas. The specimen is an adult female that was taken on the night of 15 July 1969 by T. R. Mollhagen. The vegetation in ZH Canyon is typical low desert scrub but permanent water is present. Nets were placed in such positions as to catch bats attempting to drink at this water source.

Mitochondrial Dna Polymorphism In Three Antillean Island Populations Of The Fruit Bat, Artibeus Jamaicensis, Dorothy E. Pumo, Everett Z. Goldin, Beth Elliot, Carleton J. Phillips, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The Neotropical fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, occurs throughout Latin America and on many islands in the Caribbean. Populations from Jamaica (in the Greater Antilles) to Barbados (in the Lesser Antilles) have been classified as a subspecies (A. j. jamaicensisi separate from that on the Lesser Antillean island of St. Vincent (A. j. schwartzi). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was isolated from 54 individuals collected on these islands, analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases, and the restriction sites were mapped. Three different mtDNA genotypes (16,000 ± 200 bp) were identified: J-1 (16 animals from Jamaica, one from St. Vincent, …

Revised Checklist Of North American Mammals North Of Mexico, 1986, J. Knox Jones Jr., Dilford C. Carter, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert S. Hoffmann, Dale W. Rice, Clyde Jones

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

As in previous lists, orders, families, and genera are listed in conventional phylogenetic sequence mostly following Hall (1981) but, in a departure from previous lists, species are entered alphabetically within each genus. This will facilitate use of the checklist by those unfamiliar with intrageneric taxonomy. Some assemblages are not well enough understood to create a meaningful hierarchy at the specific level.

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. Ix. Bats Of The Genus Tonatia (Mammalia: Chiroptera) In Suriname, Hugh H. Genoways, Stephen L. Williams

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Five species of Tonatia (bidens, brasilense, carrikeri, schulzi, and silvicola) are known to occur in Suriname. Tonatia bidens and silvicola are the largest in overall size (forearm length over 50 mm and greatest length of skull over 27.0 mm). However, T. bidens has a broader postorbital region (5.0 mm or more) and narrower mastoid region (less than 13.0 mm). The lower incisors of T. bidens are also noticeably broader than those of T. silvicola. These two species were found throughout most of the forested areas of Suriname. T. bidens displayed no secondary sexual …

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. Vii. Records Of Mammals From Central And Southern Suriname, Stephen L. Williams, Hugh H. Genoways, Jane A. Groen

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The occurrence of three species of mammals previously unknown in Suriname is documented. The new taxa recorded include Vampyrops aurarius, Vampyrops lineatus, and Natalus tumidirostris. Additional information is provided on Centronycteris maximiliana, Sigmomys alstoni, Zygodontomys brevicauda, and Cavia aperea from Suriname.

The Suriname Small Mammal Survey: A Case Study Of The Cooperation Between Research And National Conservation Needs, Hugh H. Genoways, Henry A. Reichart, Stephen L. Williams

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

A cooperative program between the Foundation for Nature Preservation in Suriname and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History to survey the small mammals of Suriname is reviewed. The program has proven to be mutually beneficial and it is presented as a model for development of similar programs in the future. The technical assistance requested by the Foundation for Nature Preservation in Suriname concerned the distribution and natural history of small mammals, especially those occurring in the Nature Parks and Reserves. The Government of Suriname has established an excellent system of Reserves and Parks throughout the country. They are trying to …

Electrophoretic And Immunological Studies On The Relationship Of The Brachyphyllinae And The Glossophaginae, Robert J. Baker, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Michael L. Arnold, Vincent M. Sarich, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Electrophoretic and albumin immunological data indicate that the Brachyphyllinae as currently conceived is a natural assemblage, with Erophylla sezekorni and Phyllonycteris aphylla being more closely related to each other than either is to Brachyphylla cavernarum. In both data sets, values that distinguish Erophylla from Phyllonycteris are in the general range of values that characterize congeneric species of mammals. Immunological distance values for the species Glossophaga soricina, Monophyllus redmani, Anoura caudifer, Leptonycteris sanborni, Choeroniscus minor, and Hylonycteris underuoodi indicate that these taxa are approximately equidistant from the Brachyphyllinae. Immunological comparisons of Glossophaga and Monophyllus to Anoura, Leptonycteris, Choeroniscus, …

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. V. Noteworthy Records Of Surinamese Mammals, Hugh H. Genoways, Stephen L. Williams, Jane A. Groen

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The occurrence of seven species of mammals previously unknown in Suriname is documented. The new taxa recorded include Didelphis albiventris, Peropteryx macrotis, Lonchorhina aurita, Micronycteris hirsuta, Vampyrodes caraccioli, Furipterus horrens, and Thyroptera discifera . Additional information is provided on several species already known to occur in Suriname, including Metachirus nudicaudatus, Peronymus leucopterus, Mimon bennettii, Tonatia carrikeri, T. schulzi, Anoura geoffroyi, Choerniscus intermedius, Mesophylla macconnelli, Neaeomys guianae, Holochilus brasiliensis, and Potos fiavus.

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. Vi. Additional Chromosomal Data For Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) From Suriname, Robert J. Baker, Hugh H. Genoways, Paisley A. Seyfarth

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

As part of ongoing studies of the bats of Suriname, karyotypic information is presented for seventeen species. Chromosomal data are presented for the first time for Peronymus leucopterus, Peropteryx macrotis, Mimon bennettii, Artibeus concolor, Furipterus horrens, and Thyroptera discifera. Additional chromosomal data are presented for eleven other species of bats for which some information was available previously.

Observations On Bats From Trinidad, With A Checklist Of Species Occurring On The Island, Catherine H. Carter, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert S. Loregnard, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

In their comprehensive treatment of the bats of Trinidad, Goodwin and Greenhall (1961) reported 58 species from the island. Subsequent authors (Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962, 1964; Genoways et al., 1973a; LaVal, 1973a, 1973b) have added some species to the list and changed the status of others so that the known chiropteran fauna of Trinidad now comprises 64 species: five emballonurids, one noctilionid, four mormoopids, 36 phyllostomids (see Handley, 1980, for family-group names), one natalid, one furipterid, one thyropterid, seven vespertilionids, and eight molossids. Among the phyllostomids, the subfamilies Phyllostominae (15) and Stenodermatinae (14) are the best represented, whereas only a …

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. Iv. A New Species Of Bat Of The Genus Molossops (Mammalia: Molossidae), Stephen L. Williams, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

A new species of molossid bat of the genus Molossops is described from Suriname. The new species is a member of the subgenus Molossops where it is distinguished from the other two member species, temminckii and aequatorianus, by larger external and cranial size. A single specimen of the species was taken in northern Suriname in an area of savannah and secondary forest.

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. Iii. Chromosomal Data For Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) From Suriname, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Standard karyotypic data are presented for 28 species involving 98 specimens. The karyotype of Micronycteris sylvestris, M. daviesi, Phyllostomus latifolius, and Tonatia schulzi are reported for the first time. Chromosomal variation is described for Rhinophylla pumilio and Rhogeessa tumida. Karyotypes for the other species examined were like those previously described in the literature.

Results Of The Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. Ii. Additional Records Of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) From Suriname, Stephen L. Williams, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The occurrence of 14 species of bats previously unknown in Suriname are documented, making a total of 85 species of bats known to occur in the country. The new records include Pteronotus personatus, Chrotopterus auritus, Micronycteris daviesi, M. sylvestris, Phyllostomus latifolius, Choeroniscus godmani, C. intermedius, Lionycteris spurrelli, Mesophylla macconnelli, Vampyressa brocki, Vampyrops brachycephalus, Rhogeessa tumida, Molossops abrasus, and M. greenhalli. Additional information is provided on several species of bats already known to occur in Suriname, including Micronycteris minuta, M. nicefori, Phylloderma stenops, Tonatia …